43. Khatmāt and Their Status in Islam

43. ﺧﺘﻮﻣﺎت و ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎهآﻧﻬﺎ در اﺳﻼم

»ﺧﺘﻮم« ﺟﻤﻊ »ﺧﺘﻢ« و آن در ﻟﻐﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎي رﺳﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﯾﮏ ﭼﯿﺰ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﺸﻬﻮرﺗﺮﯾﻦ واژه ﺧﺘﻢ، در ﻣﻮرد »ﺧﺘﻢ ﻗﺮآن« ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ.

در اﺣﺎدﯾﺚ ﻓﺮاوان ﭘﯿﺮاﻣﻮن آداب ﺧﺘﻢ ﻗﺮآن، زﻣﺎن و ﻣﮑﺎن آن ﺳﺨﻦ رﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ:

(۱)  دﻋﺎي ﺧﺘﻢ ﻗﺮآن از ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺒﺮ اﮐﺮم ﺻﻠﯽ اﷲ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ و آﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ رواﯾﺖ اﻣﯿﺮﻣﻮءﻣﻨﺎن ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﺴﻼم۔[1]

(۲) دﻋﺎي ﺧﺘﻢ ﻗﺮآن ﻣﺄﺛﻮر از اﻣﺎم ﺳﺠّﺎد ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﺴﻼم ۔[2]

(۳)  آداب ﺗﻼوت و ﺧﺘﻢ ﻗﺮآن، از ﻃﻬﺎرت، ﺗﺮﺗﯿﻞ، ﺗﺠﻮﯾﺪ و ﺗﺪﺑّﺮ در آن۔[3]

(۴)  ﺧﺘﻢ ﻗﺮآن در ﻣﮑّﻪ ي ﻣﻌﻈّﻤﻪ۔[4]

ص:۸۵

(۵)   ﺧﺘﻢ ﻗﺮآن در روز ﺟﻤﻌﻪ(1).

(۶)   ﺧﺘﻢ ﻗﺮآن در ﻣﺪّت ﺳﻪ روز ﮐﻪ اﻣﺎم رﺿﺎ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﺴﻼم ﺑﻪ آن ﻣﻠﺘﺰم ﺑﻮد(2).

(۷) ﺧﺘﻢ ﻗﺮآن در ﯾﮏ ﺷﺐ، ﭼﻨﺎﻧﮑﻪ ﺣﺒﯿﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﯽ داد(3).

(۸)   ﺧﺘﻢ ﻗﺮآن در ﯾﮏ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ(4).

(۹)   ﭼﻬﻞ ﺧﺘﻢ ﻗﺮآن در ﻃﻮل ﻣﺎه رﻣﻀﺎن(5).

(۱۰) دﻋﺎي اﻣﺎم ﺻﺎدق ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﺴﻼم ﭘﯿﺶ از ﺗﻼوت ﻗﺮآن و ﭘﺲ از ﺧﺘﻢ آن. (6)

ﻫﻤﺎن.

-2 .3 ﺷﯿﺦ ﺻﺪوق، ﻋﯿﻮن اﻷﺧﺒﺎر، ج 2، ص .178 -3 .4 ﺳﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﺴﻦ اﻣﯿﻦ، اﻋﯿﺎن اﻟﺸﯿﻌﻪ، ج 4، ص .553 -4 .4 ﺷﯿﺦ ﺻﺪوق، ﺛﻮاب اﻷﻋﻤﺎل، ص .100

-5 .s ﻣﺠﻠﺴﯽ، ﺑﺤﺎراﻻﻧﻮار، ج 98، ص .5 -s6 .7 ﺷﯿﺦ ﻣﻔﯿﺪ، اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎص، ص .141 -7 .8 اﺑﻦ اﻟﻤﺸﻬﺪي، ﻣﺰار ﮐﺒﯿﺮ، ص .663

 -8 .1 ﺳﯿﺪ اﺑﻦ ﻃﺎووس، ﻣﻬﺞ اﻟﺪﻋﻮات، ص .170 -9    .2  ﻫﻤﺎن، ص .277

43. Khatmāt and Their Status in Islam

The word khatmāt is the plural of khatm, which literally means “to reach the end of something.” The most famous use of this term is khatm al-Qur’an (completion of the Qur’an).

Numerous narrations have spoken about the etiquette, timing, and place for completing the recitation of the Qur’an, including:

1.         The supplication of khatm al-Qur’an from the Noble Prophet (s.a.w.a.), transmitted through Ameerul  Momineen  Ali (a.s.).

2.         The reported supplication of khatm al-Qur’an from Imam al-Sajjad (a.s.).

3.         The etiquette of recitation and completion of the Qur’an, such as ritual purity, reciting with tartīl (measured rhythm), tajwīd (correct pronunciation), and reflecting upon its meanings.

4.         Completing the Qur’an in the Sacred Mosque of Mecca.

5.         Completing the Qur’an on Fridays.

6.         Completing the Qur’an within three days, as Imam al-Ridā (a.s.) practiced.

7.         Completing the Qur’an in a single night, as was done by Habīb ibn Muẓāhir.

8.         Completing the Qur’an within a week.

9.         Completing the Qur’an forty times during the month of Ramadan.

10.       The supplication of Imam al-Sadiq (a.s.) before beginning the Qur’an and after completing it.

[1]      ﻋﻼﻣﻪ ﻣﺠﻠﺴﯽ، ﺑﺤﺎراﻻﻧﻮار، ج 92، ص .20

[2]      ﺳﯿﺪ اﺑﻦ ﻃﺎووس، اﻗﺒﺎل اﻷﻋﻤﺎل، ج 1، ص .450

[3]      ﻣﺠﻠﺴﯽ، ﻫﻤﺎن.

[4]      ﻫﻤﺎن، ص .205