S 2 A 214

بقرة آيه 214

99-/1110 _7- أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الطَّبْرِسِيُّ: رَوَى أَصْحَابُنَا، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «كَانَ قَبْلَ نُوحٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) أُمَّةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ عَلَى فِطْرَةِ اللَّهِ؛ لاَ مُهْتَدِينَ، وَ لاَ ضُلاَّلاً، فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ النَّبِيِّينَ. وَ رَوَى ذَلِكَ أَيْضاً، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، مُحَمَّدٌ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ فِي(نَهْجِ الْبَيَانِ)، إِلاَّ أَنَّ فِيهِ زِيَادَةَ:(بَلْ فِي حَيْرَةٍ) بَعْدَ قَوْلِهِ: لاَ مُهْتَدِينَ وَ لاَ ضُلاَّلاً [1].

99-/1110 _7- Abu ‘Ali al-Tabrisi: Our companions narrated from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) that he said: “Before Noah (peace be upon him), the people were one community upon the innate disposition of God; neither guided nor astray, so God sent the prophets.” And Muhammad al-Shaybani also narrated this from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) in (Nahj al-Bayan), except that it adds the phrase “rather, in perplexity” after his saying: “neither guided nor astray.” [1]

قوله تعالى:

أَمْ حَسِبْتُمْ أَنْ تَدْخُلُوا الْجَنَّةَ وَ لَمّٰا يَأْتِكُمْ مَثَلُ الَّذِينَ خَلَوْا مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ مَسَّتْهُمُ الْبَأْسٰاءُ وَ الضَّرّٰاءُ وَ زُلْزِلُوا حَتّٰى يَقُولَ الرَّسُولُ وَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مَعَهُ مَتىٰ نَصْرُ اللّٰهِ أَلاٰ إِنَّ نَصْرَ اللّٰهِ قَرِيبٌ [214]

[2:214] Do you think that you will enter the garden while there has not yet come to you the like of what befell those who passed away before you? Distress and affliction befell them, and they were shaken violently, so that the Apostle and those who believed with him said: When will the help of Allah come? Now surely the help of Allah is near. (M. H. Shakir)

99-/1111 _1- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ: عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي الْمُعَافَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، قَالَ: لَمَّا قُتِلَ الْوَلِيدُ، خَرَجَ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْعِصَابَةِ نَفَرٌ بِحَيْثُ أَحْدَثَ الْقَوْمُ، قَالَ: فَدَخَلْنَا عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، فَقَالَ: «مَا الَّذِي أَخْرَجَكُمْ عَنْ غَيْرِ الْحَجِّ وَ الْعُمْرَةِ؟» قَالَ: فَقَالَ الْقَائِلُ مِنْهُمْ: اَلَّذِي شَتَّتَ اللَّهُ مِنْ كَلِمَةِ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ، وَ قَتْلِ [2] خَلِيفَتِهِمْ، وَ اخْتِلاَفِهِمْ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمْ. قَالَ: «مَا تَجِدُونَ أُعِينُكُمْ إِلَيْهِمْ؟ - فَأَقْبَلَ يَذْكُرُ حَالاَتِهِمْ - أَ لَيْسَ الرَّجُلُ مِنْكُمْ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ بَيْتِهِ إِلَى سُوقِهِ فَيَقْضِي حَوَائِجَهُ، ثُمَّ يَرْجِعُ وَ لَمْ تَخْتَلِفْ [3]، إِنْ كَانَ لِمَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ أَتَى هُوَ عَلَى مِثْلِ مَا أَنْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ، لِيَأْخُذَ الرَّجُلَ مِنْهُمْ فَيَقْطَعَ يَدَيْهِ وَ رِجْلَيْهِ، وَ يَنْشُرَهُ بِالْمَنَاشِيرِ، وَ يُصْلَبَ عَلَى جِذْعِ النَّخْلَةِ، وَ لاَ يَدَعُ مَا كَانَ عَلَيْهِ». ثُمَّ تَرَكَ هَذَا الْكَلاَمَ، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ إِلَى آيَةٍ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ: أَمْ حَسِبْتُمْ أَنْ تَدْخُلُوا الْجَنَّةَ وَ لَمّٰا يَأْتِكُمْ مَثَلُ الَّذِينَ خَلَوْا مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ مَسَّتْهُمُ الْبَأْسٰاءُ وَ الضَّرّٰاءُ وَ زُلْزِلُوا حَتّٰى يَقُولَ الرَّسُولُ وَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مَعَهُ مَتىٰ نَصْرُ اللّٰهِ أَلاٰ إِنَّ نَصْرَ اللّٰهِ قَرِيبٌ

99-/1111 _1- Al-‘Ayyashi: From Muhammad ibn Sinan, he said: Al-Mu‘afa ibn Isma‘il told me: When al-Walid was killed, a group from this band set out to where the people had caused new events. He said: We entered upon Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), and he said: “What made you go out other than for Hajj or ‘Umrah?” One of them said: That which God has scattered of the word of the people of al-Sham, and the killing [2] of their caliph, and their disagreements among themselves. He said: “What do you find that I can help you with concerning them?” — then he began to mention their conditions — “Is it not that a man among you goes out from his house to his market and attends to his needs, then returns and there has been no discord [3]? If one of those before you came upon what you are upon, a man among them would be seized, and his hands and feet would be cut off, and he would be sawn with saws, and crucified upon the trunk of a palm tree, yet he would not abandon what he was upon.” Then he left off this speech, and turned to a verse from the Book of God:

_7) -مجمع البيان 2:543.

_1) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:310/105.

[1] نهج البيان(مخطوط)1:52.

[Nahj al-Bayan (makhtut) 1:52.]

[2] في المصدر:و قتلهم.

[fi al-masdar: wa qatlahum.]

[3] في المصدر:يختلف.

[fi al-masdar: yakhtalif.]

قوله تعالى:

يَسْئَلُونَكَ عَنِ الشَّهْرِ الْحَرٰامِ قِتٰالٍ فِيهِ قُلْ قِتٰالٌ فِيهِ كَبِيرٌ وَ صَدٌّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللّٰهِ وَ كُفْرٌ بِهِ وَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرٰامِ وَ إِخْرٰاجُ أَهْلِهِ مِنْهُ أَكْبَرُ عِنْدَ اللّٰهِ وَ الْفِتْنَةُ أَكْبَرُ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ [217]

[2:217] They ask you about the sacred month, about fighting in it. Say: Fighting in it is a grave matter; and obstructing (men) from Allah's way and denying Him, and (preventing access to) the Sacred Mosque and turning its people out of it, are still graver with Allah; and persecution is severer than slaughter. (M. H. Shakir)

99-/1112 _1- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ: إِنَّهُ كَانَ سَبَبُ نُزُولِهَا: أَنَّهُ لَمَّا هَاجَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، بَعَثَ السَّرَايَا إِلَى الطُّرُقَاتِ الَّتِي تَدْخُلُ مَكَّةَ، تَتَعَرَّضُ لِعِيرِ [1] قُرَيْشٍ، حَتَّى بَعَثَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ جَحْشٍ [2] فِي نَفَرٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ إِلَى نَخْلَةَ -وَ هِيَ بُسْتَانُ بَنِي عَامِرٍ- لِيَأْخُذُوا عِيرَ قُرَيْشٍ [حِينَ] أَقْبَلَتْ مِنَ الطَّائِفِ. عَلَيْهَا الزَّبِيبُ وَ الْأُدُمُ وَ الطَّعَامُ، فَوَافَوْهَا وَ قَدْ نَزَلَتِ الْعِيرُ، وَ فِيهَا عَمْرُو بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَضْرَمِيُّ، وَ كَانَ حَلِيفاً لِعُتْبَةَ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ. فَلَمَّا نَظَرَ الْحَضْرَمِيُّ إِلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَحْشٍ وَ أَصْحَابِهِ، فَزِعُوا وَ تَهَيَّئُوا لِلْحَرْبِ، وَ قَالُوا: هَؤُلاَءِ أَصْحَابُ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَ أَمَرَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَحْشٍ أَصْحَابَهُ أَنْ يَنْزِلُوا وَ يَحْلِقُوا رُءُوسَهُمْ، فَنَزَلُوا وَ حَلَقُوا رُءُوسَهُمْ. فَقَالَ ابْنُ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ: هَؤُلاَءِ قَوْمٌ عُبَّادٌ لَيْسَ عَلَيْنَا مِنْهُمْ [بَأْسٌ]، فَلَمَّا اطْمَأَنُّوا وَ وَضَعُوا السِّلاَحَ، حَمَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَحْشٍ، فَقَتَلَ ابْنَ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ، وَ قَتَلَ [3] أَصْحَابَهُ، وَ أَخَذُوا الْعِيرَ بِمَا فِيهَا، وَ سَاقُوهَا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، وَ كَانَ ذَلِكَ فِي أَوَّلِ يَوْمٍ مِنْ رَجَبٍ مِنْ أَشْهُرِ الْحُرُمِ، فَعَزَلُوا الْعِيرَ وَ مَا كَانَ عَلَيْهَا، وَ لَمْ يَنَالُوا مِنْهَا شَيْئاً. فَكَتَبَتْ قُرَيْشٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) إِنَّكَ اسْتَحْلَلْتَ الشَّهْرَ الْحَرَامَ، وَ سَفَكْتَ فِيهِ الدَّمَ، وَ أَخَذْتَ الْمَالَ، وَ كَثُرَ الْقَوْلُ فِي هَذَا، وَ جَاءَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَ يَحِلُّ الْقَتْلُ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ؟ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ: يَسْئَلُونَكَ عَنِ الشَّهْرِ الْحَرٰامِ قِتٰالٍ فِيهِ قُلْ قِتٰالٌ فِيهِ كَبِيرٌ وَ صَدٌّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللّٰهِ وَ كُفْرٌ بِهِ وَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرٰامِ وَ إِخْرٰاجُ أَهْلِهِ مِنْهُ أَكْبَرُ عِنْدَ اللّٰهِ وَ الْفِتْنَةُ أَكْبَرُ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ . قَالَ: اَلْقِتَالُ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ عَظِيمٌ، وَ لَكِنِ الَّذِي فَعَلَتْ بِكَ قُرَيْشٌ -يَا مُحَمَّدُ- مِنَ الصَّدِّ عَنِ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ، وَ الْكُفْرِ بِاللَّهِ، وَ إِخْرَاجِكَ مِنْهُ [4] أَكْبَرُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ، وَ الْفِتْنَةُ -يَعْنِي الْكُفْرَ بِاللَّهِ- أَكْبَرُ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ. ثُمَّ أُنْزِلَتْ عَلَيْهِ: اَلشَّهْرُ الْحَرٰامُ بِالشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ وَ الْحُرُمٰاتُ قِصٰاصٌ فَمَنِ اعْتَدىٰ عَلَيْكُمْ فَاعْتَدُوا عَلَيْهِ

99-/1112 _1- ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim: The reason for its revelation was that when the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) emigrated to Medina, he dispatched raiding parties to the routes that enter Mecca to intercept the caravan [1] of Quraysh, until he sent ‘Abd Allah ibn Jahsh [2] with a group of his companions to Nakhlah — which is the orchard of Banu ‘Amir — to seize the caravan of Quraysh [when] it was coming from al-Ta’if. It was carrying raisins, leather goods, and foodstuffs. They encountered it after the caravan had encamped, and among them was ‘Amr ibn ‘Abd Allah al-Hadrami, who was an ally of ‘Utbah ibn Rabi‘ah. When al-Hadrami saw ‘Abd Allah ibn Jahsh and his companions, they were alarmed and prepared for battle, and they said: “These are Muhammad’s companions.” ‘Abd Allah ibn Jahsh ordered his companions to dismount and shave their heads, so they dismounted and shaved their heads. Then the son of al-Hadrami said: “These are a devout people; there is no harm [to be feared] from them.” When they felt secure and laid down their weapons, ‘Abd Allah ibn Jahsh attacked them, killed the son of al-Hadrami, and killed [3] his companions, and took the caravan with all it contained and drove it to Medina. That was on the first day of Rajab of the sacred months. They set the caravan and its goods aside and did not take anything from it. Quraysh wrote to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family): “You have made the sacred month lawful, and you have shed blood in it and taken wealth.” Talk about this became widespread, and the companions of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) came and said: “O Messenger of Allah, is killing lawful in the sacred month?” So Allah revealed: They ask you about the sacred month, about fighting in it. Say: Fighting in it is a grave matter; and obstructing (men) from Allah’s way and denying Him, and (preventing access to) the Sacred Mosque and turning its people out of it, are still graver with Allah; and persecution is severer than slaughter. He said: Fighting in the sacred month is a great matter, but what Quraysh did to you — O Muhammad — in barring [you] from the Sacred Mosque, disbelief in Allah, and expelling you from it [4] is graver with Allah; and persecution — meaning disbelief in Allah — is more serious than killing. Then there was revealed to him: “The sacred month for the sacred month, and the forbidden things shall be retaliated for; so whoever has aggressed against you, then aggress against him …”

_1) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:71.

[1] العير:القافلة.«مجمع البحرين-عير-3:418».

[al-‘ayr: al-qafilah. «Majma‘ al-Bahrayn - ‘Ayr - 3:418».]

[2] عبد اللّه بن جحش بن رئاب بن يعمر الأسدي:صحابي،قديم الإسلام،هاجر إلى بلاد الحبشة،ثمّ إلى المدينة،و كان من أمراء السرايا،و هو صهر الرسول(صلّى اللّه عليه و آله)و ابن عمته،أخو زينب أم المؤمنين،قتل يوم أحد شهيدا في 3 ه‌،فدفن هو و الحمزة في قبر واحد.حلية الأولياء 1:13/108،الإصابة 2:4583/286.

[‘Abd Allah ibn Jahsh ibn Ri’ab ibn Ya‘mar al-Asadi: sahabi, qadim al-Islam, hajara ila bilad al-Habasha, thumma ila al-Madina, wa kana min umara’ al-saraya, wa huwa sehr al-rasul (salla Allah ‘alayhi wa alihi) wa ibn ‘ammatihi, akhu Zaynab Umm al-Mu’minin, qutila yawma Uhud shahidan fi 3 H, fudhina huwa wa al-Hamza fi qabr wahid. Hilyat al-Awliya’ 1:13/108, al-Isaba 2:4583/286.]

[3] في المصدر:و أفلت.

[fi al-masdar: wa aflat.]

[4] في المصدر:و إخراجك منها هو.

[fi al-masdar: wa ikhrajuk minha huwa.]