S 113 Ayat 1 to 5

قوله تعالى:

بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ

قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ الْفَلَقِ* مِنْ شَرِّ مٰا خَلَقَ* وَ مِنْ شَرِّ غٰاسِقٍ إِذٰا وَقَبَ * وَ مِنْ شَرِّ النَّفّٰاثٰاتِ فِي الْعُقَدِ* وَ مِنْ شَرِّ حٰاسِدٍ إِذٰا حَسَدَ [1-5]

In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful.

Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of the dawn, From the evil of what He has created, And from the evil of the utterly dark night when it comes, And from the evil of those who blow on knots, And from the evil of the envious when he envies. [Surah al-Falaq, 113:1–5, M. H. Shakir]

99-/12046 _1- ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ:عَنْ أَبِيهِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي الْقَاسِمِ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْكُوفِيِّ،عَنْ عُثْمَانَ ابْنِ عِيسَى،عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ وَهْبٍ،قَالَ: كُنَّا عِنْدَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)فَقَرَأَ رَجُلٌ: قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ الْفَلَقِ فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ:وَ مَا الْفَلَقُ؟قَالَ:«صَدْعٌ فِي النَّارِ فِيهِ سَبْعُونَ أَلْفَ دَارٍ،فِي كُلِّ دَارٍ سَبْعُونَ أَلْفَ بَيْتٍ،فِي كُلِّ بَيْتٍ سَبْعُونَ أَلْفَ أَسْوَدَ [1]،فِي جَوْفِ كُلِّ أَسْوَدَ سَبْعُونَ أَلْفَ جَرَّةِ سَمٍّ،لاَ بُدَّ لِأَهْلِ النَّارِ أَنْ يَمُرُّوا عَلَيْهَا».

99-/12046_1 Ibn Babawayh: From his father, who said: Muhammad ibn Abi al-Qasim narrated to us, from Muhammad ibn Ali al-Kufi, from ‘Uthman ibn ‘Isa, from Mu‘awiyah ibn Wahb, who said: We were with Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), and a man recited: Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of the daybreak. The man asked, “What is al-Falaq?” He said: “A crack in the Fire, within which are seventy thousand dwellings; in every dwelling are seventy thousand houses; in every house are seventy thousand serpents, and inside each serpent are seventy thousand vessels of poison. The people of Hell must pass through it.”

99-/12047 _2- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ أَبِيهِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ،عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ،عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ،رَفَعَهُ ،فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ مِنْ شَرِّ حٰاسِدٍ إِذٰا حَسَدَ ،قَالَ:«أَ مَا رَأَيْتَهُ إِذَا فَتَحَ عَيْنَيْهِ وَ هُوَ يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْكَ؟هُوَ ذَاكَ».

99-/12047 And from him: From his father, who said: Ahmad ibn Idris narrated to us, from Muhammad ibn Ahmad, from Ya‘qub ibn Yazid, from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr, who raised it [to the Imams], regarding the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: And from the evil of the envious when he envies—he said: “Have you not seen him when he opens his eyes and looks at you? That is [what it refers to].”

99-/12048 _3- وَ عَنْهُ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الصَّفَّارُ، عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ،عَنْ سَعْدَانَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ،عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ الْحَسَدِ؟ فَقَالَ:«لَحْمٌ وَ دَمٌ يَدُورُ فِي النَّاسِ،حَتَّى إِذَا انْتَهَى إِلَيْنَا يَبِسَ [2]،وَ هُوَ الشَّيْطَانُ».

99-/12048 And from him: Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn Ahmad ibn al-Walid narrated to us, who said: Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Saffar narrated to us, from al-‘Abbas ibn Ma‘ruf, from Sa‘dan ibn Muslim, from Abu Basir, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), that he was asked about envy (hasad). He said: “It is flesh and blood that circulates among people, and when it reaches us, it withers. It is the Shayṭān.”

_1) -معاني الأخبار:1/227.

_2) -معاني الأخبار:1/227.

_3) -معاني الأخبار:1/244.

[1] الأسود:العظيم من الحيّات.«الصحاح 2:491».

[2] في المصدر:يئس.

Page 810 in Arabic

99-/12049 _4- وَ عَنْهُ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الصَّفَّارُ،عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ،عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ،عَنْ حَنَانِ بْنِ سَدِيرٍ،عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ:سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: «إِنَّ أَشَدَّ النَّاسِ عَذَاباً يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ لَسَبْعَةُ نَفَرٍ:أَوَّلُهُمُ ابْنُ آدَمَ الَّذِي قَتَلَ أَخَاهُ،وَ نُمْرُودُ الَّذِي حَاجَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي رَبِّهِ،وَ اثْنَانِ فِي بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ هَوَّدَا قَوْمَهُمَا وَ نَصَّرَاهُمْ،وَ فِرْعَوْنُ الَّذِي قَالَ:أَنَا رَبُّكُمْ الْأَعْلَى،وَ اثْنَانِ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ:أَحَدُهُمَا [1]فِي تَابُوتٍ مِنْ قَوَارِيرَ تَحْتَ الْفَلَقِ فِي بِحَارٍ مِنْ نَارٍ».

99-/12049 And from him: Muhammad ibn al-Hasan narrated to me, who said: Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Saffar narrated to me, from al-‘Abbas ibn Ma‘ruf, from al-Hasan ibn Mahbub, from Hanan ibn Sadir, from a man among the companions of Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), who said: I heard him say: “Indeed, the most severely punished people on the Day of Resurrection are seven individuals: the first of them is the son of Adam who killed his brother; and Nimrod, who disputed with Abraham concerning his Lord; and two from the Children of Israel who led their people to Judaism and Christianity; and Pharaoh, who said: I am your most exalted lord; and two from this nation—one of them [is] in a coffin made of glass beneath al-Falaq, in seas of fire.”

99-/12050 _5- وَ عَنْهُ:حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ أَبِي الْخَطَّابِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي الْحَكَمُ بْنُ مِسْكِينٍ الثَّقَفِيُّ،عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ [2]،عَنْ جُعَيْدِ هَمْدَانَ،قَالَ:قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «إِنَّ فِي التَّابُوتِ الْأَسْفَلِ سِتَّةً مِنَ الْأَوَّلِينَ وَ سِتَّةً مِنَ الْآخِرِينَ،فَأَمَّا السِّتَّةُ مِنَ الْأَوَّلِينَ:فَابْنُ آدَمَ قَاتِلُ أَخِيهِ،وَ فِرْعَوْنُ الْفَرَاعِنَةِ،وَ السَّامِرِيُّ،وَ الدَّجَّالُ كِتَابُهُ فِي الْأَوَّلِينَ وَ يَخْرُجُ فِي الْآخِرِينَ،وَ هَامَانُ،وَ قَارُونُ. وَ السِّتَّةُ مِنَ الْآخِرِينَ:فَنَعْثَلُ،وَ مُعَاوِيَةُ،وَ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ،وَ أَبُو مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيُّ».وَ نَسِيَ الْمُحَدِّثُ اثْنَيْنِ.

99-/12050 And from him: My father narrated to us, who said: Sa‘d ibn ‘Abdullah narrated to us, who said: Muhammad ibn al-Husayn ibn Abi al-Khattab narrated to us, who said: al-Hakam ibn Miskin al-Thaqafi narrated to me, from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Sinan, from Ju‘ayd Hamdan, who said: Amir al-Mu’minin (peace be upon him) said: “Indeed, in the lower coffin are six from the earlier ones and six from the later ones. As for the six from the earlier ones: the son of Adam who killed his brother, Pharaoh of the Pharaohs, the Samaritan, the Dajjal—his record is among the former but he will emerge among the latter—Haman, and Qarun. And the six from the latter ones: Uthman, Mu‘awiyah, ‘Amr ibn al-‘As, and Abu Musa al-Ash‘ari.” And the narrator forgot two names.

/12051 _6-علي بن إبراهيم،في معنى السورة:قوله: قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ الْفَلَقِ ،قال:الفلق جب في جهنم يتعوذ أهل النار من شدة حره،سأل اللّه أن يأذن له أن يتنفس،فأذن له فتنفس فأحرق جهنم،[قال]:و في ذلك الجب صندوق من نار يتعوذ منه أهل ذلك [3]الجب من حر ذلك الصندوق،و هو التابوت،و في ذلك التابوت ستة من الأولين،و ستة من الآخرين،فأما الستة من الأولين:فابن آدم الذي قتل أخاه،و نمرود إبراهيم الذي ألقى إبراهيم في النار،و فرعون موسى،و السامري الذي اتخذ العجل،و الذي هود اليهود،و الذي نصر النصارى.و أمّا الستة من الآخرين:الأول،و الثاني،و الثالث،و الرابع،و صاحب الخوارج،و ابن ملجم.

99-/12051 ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim, in the explanation of the surah, regarding His saying: Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of the daybreak—he said: Al-Falaq is a pit in Hell from which the inhabitants of the Fire seek refuge due to the intensity of its heat. It asked Allah for permission to breathe, and He granted it, so it exhaled and scorched Hell. He said: And in that pit is a box of fire from which even the inhabitants of that pit seek refuge due to the heat of that box—and it is the Tabut (coffin). And in that coffin are six from the earlier ones and six from the later ones. As for the six from the earlier ones: the son of Adam who killed his brother; Nimrod, the one who cast Abraham into the fire; Pharaoh of Moses; the Samaritan who made the calf; the one who led the Jews to Judaism; and the one who led the Christians to Christianity. And as for the six from the later ones: the first, the second, the third, the fourth, the leader of the Khawarij, and Ibn Muljam.

(Qur’anic reference: Surah al-Falaq 113:1 — Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of the daybreak. — M.H. Shakir)

قوله: وَ مِنْ شَرِّ غٰاسِقٍ إِذٰا وَقَبَ ،قال:الذي يلقى في الجب يقب [4]فيه.

99-/12052 Regarding His saying: And from the evil of the darkness when it settles—he said: It is the one who is cast into the pit (al-jubb); he descends into it.

99-/12052 _7- الشَّيْبَانِيُّ،فِي(نَهْجِ الْبَيَانِ):عَنْ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «الْغَاسِقِ إِذَا وَقَبَ،هُوَ اللَّيْلُ إِذَا أَدْبَرَ».

99-/12052 Al-Shaybani, in Nahj al-Bayan: From ‘Ali (peace be upon him), that he said: “Al-ghasiq idha waqab (the darkness when it settles)—it is the night when it departs.”

_4) -ثواب الأعمال:214.

_5) -الخصال:59/485.

_6) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:449.

_7) -نهج البيان 3:330«مخطوط».

[1] زاد في المصدر:شرهما.

[2] في المصدر:سيابة.

[3] في المصدر:يتعوّذ أهل.

[4] الوقوب:الدّخول في كلّ شيء.«لسان العرب 1:801»،و في«ي»:يغيب.

Page 811 in Arabic