S 2 A 253

بقرة آيه 253

يَصُومُ مِنْ شِيعَتِنَا،وَ لَوِ اجْتَمَعُوا عَلَى تَرْكِ الصِّيَامِ لَهَلَكُوا.وَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَدْفَعُ بِمَنْ يُزَكِّي مِنْ شِيعَتِنَا عَمَّنْ لاَ يُزَكِّي [1]،وَ لَوِ اجْتَمَعُوا عَلَى تَرْكِ الزَّكَاةِ لَهَلَكُوا.وَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَدْفَعُ بِمَنْ يَحُجُّ مِنْ شِيعَتِنَا عَمَّنْ لاَ يَحُجُّ مِنْهُمْ،وَ لَوِ اجْتَمَعُوا عَلَى تَرْكِ الْحَجِّ لَهَلَكُوا؛وَ هُوَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: وَ لَوْ لاٰ دَفْعُ اللّٰهِ النّٰاسَ بَعْضَهُمْ بِبَعْضٍ لَفَسَدَتِ الْأَرْضُ وَ لٰكِنَّ اللّٰهَ ذُو فَضْلٍ عَلَى الْعٰالَمِينَ ،فَوَ اللَّهِ مَا نَزَلَتْ إِلاَّ فِيكُمْ،وَ لاَ عَنَى بِهَا غَيْرَكُمْ».

Translation: Among our Shia there are those who fast, and if they were all to agree to abandon fasting they would perish. And indeed Allah wards off (calamity) from those of our Shia who give zakat on behalf of those who do not [1]; and if they were all to agree to abandon zakat they would perish. And indeed Allah wards off (calamity) through those of our Shia who perform the hajj from those among them who do not perform it; and if they were all to agree to abandon the hajj they would perish. This is the saying of Allah, the Exalted: “And were it not for Allah’s repelling some people by means of others, the earth would certainly be in a state of disorder; but Allah is Gracious to the creatures” (Qur’an 2:251, M. H. Shakir). By Allah, it was revealed only about you, and He did not mean anyone other than you.

99-/1376 _4- الزَّمَخْشَرِيُّ فِي(رَبِيعِ الْأَبْرَارِ):عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ،قَالَ:سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)يَقُولُ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَيَدْفَعُ بِالْمُسْلِمِ الصَّالِحِ نَحْوَ مِائَةِ أَلْفِ بَيْتٍ مِنْ جِيرَانِهِ الْبَلاَءَ»ثُمَّ قَرَأَ: وَ لَوْ لاٰ دَفْعُ اللّٰهِ النّٰاسَ الْآيَةَ.

99-/1376 -4- Translation: Al-Zamakhsharī in Rabi‘ al-Abrār: from Ibn ‘Umar, who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) say: “Indeed Allah wards off affliction from about a hundred thousand households among a righteous Muslim’s neighbors because of him.” Then he recited: “And were it not for Allah’s repelling some people by means of others …” (Qur’an 2:251, M. H. Shakir).

قوله تعالى:

تِلْكَ الرُّسُلُ فَضَّلْنٰا بَعْضَهُمْ عَلىٰ بَعْضٍ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ كَلَّمَ اللّٰهُ وَ رَفَعَ بَعْضَهُمْ دَرَجٰاتٍ -إلى قوله تعالى- وَ لٰكِنَّ اللّٰهَ يَفْعَلُ مٰا يُرِيدُ[253]

Translation (Qur’an 2:253, M. H. Shakir): “These apostles, We have made some of them to excel others; among them are they to whom Allah spoke, and some of them He exalted by (many) degrees; and We gave clear arguments to Isa son of Marium, and strengthened him with the holy spirit. And if Allah had pleased, those after them would not have fought one with another after clear arguments had come to them, but they disagreed; so there were some of them who believed and others who denied; and if Allah had pleased they would not have fought one with another, but Allah does what He desires.”

99-/1377 _1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،رَفَعَهُ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ دَاوُدَ الْغَنَوِيِّ،عَنِ الْأَصْبَغِ بْنِ نُبَاتَةَ،قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،فَقَالَ:يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، إِنَّ أُنَاساً زَعَمُوا أَنَّ الْعَبْدَ لاَ يَزْنِي وَ هُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ،وَ لاَ يَسْرِقُ وَ هُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ،وَ لاَ يَشْرَبُ الْخَمْرَ وَ هُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ،وَ لاَ يَأْكُلُ الرِّبَا وَ هُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ،وَ لاَ يَسْفِكُ الدَّمَ الْحَرَامَ وَ هُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ.فَقَدْ ثَقُلَ عَلَيَّ هَذَا،وَ حَرِجَ مِنْهُ صَدْرِي حِينَ أَزْعُمُ أَنَّ الْعَبْدَ يُصَلِّي صَلاَتِي،وَ يَدْعُو دُعَائِي،وَ يُنَاكِحُنِي وَ أُنَاكِحُهُ،وَ يُوَارِثُنِي وَ أُوَارِثُهُ،وَ قَدْ خَرَجَ مِنَ الْإِيمَانِ لِأَجْلِ ذَنْبٍ يَسِيرٍ أَصَابَهُ.

فَقَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«صَدَقْتَ،سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)يَقُولُهُ،وَ الدَّلِيلُ عَلَيْهِ كِتَابُ اللَّهِ جَلَّ وَ عَزَّ:خَلَقَ اللَّهُ النَّاسَ عَلَى ثَلاَثِ طَبَقَاتٍ،وَ أَنْزَلَهُمْ ثَلاَثَ مَنَازِلَ؛وَ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: فَأَصْحٰابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ مٰا أَصْحٰابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ* وَ أَصْحٰابُ الْمَشْئَمَةِ مٰا أَصْحٰابُ الْمَشْئَمَةِ* وَ السّٰابِقُونَ السّٰابِقُونَ [2].فَأَمَّا مَا ذَكَرَ مِنْ أَمْرِ السَّابِقِينَ،فَإِنَّهُمْ أَنْبِيَاءُ مُرْسَلُونَ وَ غَيْرُ مُرْسَلِينَ،جَعَلَ اللَّهُ فِيهِمْ خَمْسَةَ أَرْوَاحٍ:رُوحَ الْقُدُسِ،وَ رُوحَ الْإِيمَانِ،وَ رُوحَ الْقُوَّةِ،وَ رُوحَ الشَّهْوَةِ،وَ رُوحَ الْبَدَنِ،فَبِرُوحِ الْقُدُسِ بُعِثُوا أَنْبِيَاءَ مُرْسَلِينَ وَ غَيْرَ مُرْسَلِينَ،وَ بِهَا عَلِمُوا الْأَشْيَاءَ،وَ بِرُوحِ الْإِيمَانِ عَبَدُوا اللَّهَ،وَ لَمْ يُشْرِكُوا بِهِ شَيْئاً،وَ بِرُوحِ الْقُوَّةِ جَاهَدُوا عَدُوَّهُمْ،وَ عَالَجُوا مَعَاشَهُمْ،وَ بِرُوحِ الشَّهْوَةِ أَصَابُوا لَذِيذَ الطَّعَامِ،وَ نَكَحُوا الْحَلاَلَ مِنْ شَبَابِ النِّسَاءِ،وَ بِرُوحِ الْبَدَنِ دَبُّوا وَ دَرَجُوا فِيهَا،فَهَؤُلاَءِ مَغْفُورٌ لَهُمْ، مَصْفُوحٌ عَنْ ذُنُوبِهِمْ».

99-/1377 -1- Translation: Muhammad b. Ya‘qūb: from several of our companions, from Ahmad b. Muhammad b. Khalid, from his father, raising it, from Muhammad b. Dawud al-Ghanawī, from al-Asbagh b. Nubata: A man came to the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) and said: O Commander of the Faithful, some people claim that a servant does not commit fornication while he is a believer, nor steal while he is a believer, nor drink wine while he is a believer, nor consume usury while he is a believer, nor shed unlawful blood while he is a believer. This is heavy upon me, and it constricts my chest, when I maintain that a servant prays my prayer, supplicates my supplication, marries me and I marry him, inherits from me and I inherit from him—yet he has exited faith because of a small sin he committed. He (peace be upon him) said: You are right. I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) say this, and the proof of it is the Book of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: Allah created people in three classes and set them in three stations; and that is His saying, Mighty and Majestic: “And the companions of the right hand; what of the companions of the right hand? And the companions of the left hand; what of the companions of the left hand? And the foremost, the foremost” (Qur’an 56:8–10, M. H. Shakir) [2]. As for what He mentioned regarding the foremost, they are prophets, messengers and non-messengers. Allah placed in them five spirits: the Holy Spirit, the spirit of faith, the spirit of strength, the spirit of desire, and the spirit of the body. By the Holy Spirit they were raised as prophets, messengers and non-messengers, and by it they knew things. By the spirit of faith they worshiped Allah and did not associate anything with Him. By the spirit of strength they strove against their enemy and managed their livelihoods. By the spirit of desire they partook of delicious food and lawfully married youthful women. And by the spirit of the body they moved and walked about in it. These are forgiven; their sins are overlooked.

_4) -ربيع الأبرار 1:804.

- Rabi‘ al-Abrār 1:804.

_1) -الكافي 2:16/214.

- al-Kāfī 2:16/214.

[1] في المصدر زيادة:من شيعتنا.

- fī al-masdar ziyādah: min shī‘atinā.

[2] الواقعة 56:8-10.

- al-Wāqi‘ah 56:8–10.

ثُمَّ قَالَ:«قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: تِلْكَ الرُّسُلُ فَضَّلْنٰا بَعْضَهُمْ عَلىٰ بَعْضٍ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ كَلَّمَ اللّٰهُ وَ رَفَعَ بَعْضَهُمْ دَرَجٰاتٍ وَ آتَيْنٰا عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ الْبَيِّنٰاتِ وَ أَيَّدْنٰاهُ بِرُوحِ الْقُدُسِ ثُمَّ قَالَ فِي جَمَاعَتِهِمْ: وَ أَيَّدَهُمْ بِرُوحٍ مِنْهُ [1]يَقُولُ:أَكْرَمَهُمْ بِهَا،وَ فَضَّلَهُمْ عَلَى مَنْ سِوَاهُمْ،فَهَؤُلاَءِ مَغْفُورٌ لَهُمْ،مَصْفُوحٌ عَنْ ذُنُوبِهِمْ».

Translation: Then he said: Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: “These apostles, We have made some of them to excel others; among them are they to whom Allah spoke, and some of them He exalted by (many) degrees; and We gave clear arguments to Isa son of Marium, and strengthened him with the holy spirit …” (Qur’an 2:253, M. H. Shakir), and then He said regarding their group: “and strengthened them with a spirit from Him” (Qur’an 58:22, M. H. Shakir) [1], that is: He honored them by it and preferred them over others. These are forgiven; their sins are overlooked.

99-/1378 _2- الشَّيْخُ فِي(أَمَالِيهِ):قَالَ:أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ-يَعْنِي الْمُفِيدَ-قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ بِلاَلٍ،[قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ اللَّخْمِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ النَّهْدِيُّ،قَالَ:

حَدَّثَنَا نَصْرُ بْنُ مُزَاحِمٍ الْمِنْقَرِيُّ؛قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ بِلاَلٍ:] [2]وَ حَدَّثَنِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَسَدِ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ الْأَصْفَهَانِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ هِلاَلٍ الثَّقَفِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا نَصْرُ بْنُ مُزَاحِمٍ،عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَعْلَى الْأَسْلَمِيِّ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَزَوَّرِ،عَنِ الْأَصْبَغِ بْنِ نُبَاتَةَ،قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، فَقَالَ:يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ،هَؤُلاَءِ الْقَوْمُ الَّذِينَ نُقَاتِلُهُمْ [3]؛الدَّعْوَةُ وَاحِدَةٌ،وَ الرَّسُولُ وَاحِدٌ،وَ الصَّلاَةُ وَاحِدَةٌ،وَ الْحَجُّ وَاحِدٌ،فَبِمَ نُسَمِّيهِمْ؟فَقَالَ:«بِمَا سَمَّاهُمُ [4] اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي كِتَابِهِ».فَقَالَ:مَا كُلُّ مَا فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ أَعْلَمُهُ.

قَالَ:«أَ مَا سَمِعْتَ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ فِي كِتَابِهِ: تِلْكَ الرُّسُلُ فَضَّلْنٰا بَعْضَهُمْ عَلىٰ بَعْضٍ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ كَلَّمَ اللّٰهُ وَ رَفَعَ بَعْضَهُمْ دَرَجٰاتٍ وَ آتَيْنٰا عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ الْبَيِّنٰاتِ وَ أَيَّدْنٰاهُ بِرُوحِ الْقُدُسِ وَ لَوْ شٰاءَ اللّٰهُ مَا اقْتَتَلَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ مٰا جٰاءَتْهُمُ الْبَيِّنٰاتُ وَ لٰكِنِ اخْتَلَفُوا فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ آمَنَ وَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ كَفَرَ ،فَلَمَّا وَقَعَ الاِخْتِلاَفُ كُنَّا نَحْنُ أَوْلَى بِاللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ،وَ بِالنَّبِيِّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،وَ بِالْكِتَابِ،وَ بِالْحَقِّ،فَنَحْنُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا،وَ هُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا،وَ شَاءَ اللَّهُ قِتَالَهُمْ بِمَشِيئَتِهِ وَ إِرَادَتِهِ».

وَ رَوَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ الشَّيْخُ الْمُفِيدُ فِي(أَمَالِيهِ)بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَزَوَّرِ،قَالَ:جَاءَ إِلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،وَ ذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِعَيْنِهِ [5].

99-/1378 -2- Translation: The Shaykh, in his Amālī, said: Muhammad b. Muhammad—that is, al-Mufīd—told us: Abu al-Hasan ‘Alī b. Bilāl narrated to us […] and ‘Alī b. ‘Abd Allāh b. Asad b. Mansūr al-Asfahānī narrated to me, saying: Ibrāhīm b. Muhammad b. Hilāl al-Thaqafī narrated to us, saying: Muhammad b. ‘Alī narrated to me, saying: Nasr b. Muzāhim, from Yahyā b. Ya‘lā al-Aslamī, from ‘Alī b. al-Hazawwar, from al-Asbagh b. Nubāta: A man came to ‘Alī (peace be upon him) and said: O Commander of the Faithful, these people whom we are fighting [3]: the call is one, the Messenger is one, the prayer is one, and the hajj is one—so what do we call them? He said: “By what Allah, Exalted, named them in His Book” [4]. He said: Not everything in Allah’s Book do I know. He said: Have you not heard Allah, Exalted, say in His Book: “These apostles, We have made some of them to excel others; among them are they to whom Allah spoke, and some of them He exalted by (many) degrees; and We gave clear arguments to Isa son of Marium, and strengthened him with the holy spirit; and if Allah had pleased, those after them would not have fought one with another after clear arguments had come to them, but they disagreed; so there were some of them who believed and others who denied” (Qur’an 2:253, M. H. Shakir). When the disagreement occurred, we were the ones most entitled to Allah, Mighty and Majestic, to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family), to the Book, and to the truth. So we are those who believed, and they are those who disbelieved, and Allah willed fighting them by His will and His desire. And the Shaykh al-Mufīd also narrated this tradition in his Amālī with his chain from ‘Alī b. al-Hazawwar, who said: He came to the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him), and he narrated the very same tradition [5].

99-/1379 _3- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ أَبِي عَمْرٍو الزُّبَيْرِيِّ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «بِالزِّيَادَةِ بِالْإِيمَانِ يَتَفَاضَلُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ بِالدَّرَجَاتِ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ».

قُلْتُ:وَ إِنَّ لِلْإِيمَانِ دَرَجَاتٍ وَ مَنَازِلَ يَتَفَاضَلُ بِهَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ؟قَالَ:«نَعَمْ».

قُلْتُ:صِفْ لِي ذَلِكَ-رَحِمَكَ اللَّهُ-حَتَّى أَفْهَمَهُ.

قَالَ:«مَا فَضَّلَ اللَّهُ بِهِ أَوْلِيَاءَهُ بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ؛فَقَالَ: تِلْكَ الرُّسُلُ فَضَّلْنٰا بَعْضَهُمْ عَلىٰ بَعْضٍ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ كَلَّمَ اللّٰهُ وَ رَفَعَ بَعْضَهُمْ دَرَجٰاتٍ ،

99-/1379 -3- Translation: Al-‘Ayyāshī: from Abū ‘Amr al-Zubayrī, from Abū ‘Abd Allāh (peace be upon him), who said: “By increase in faith, the believers surpass one another in ranks with Allah.” I said: Then does faith have ranks and stations by which the believers surpass one another with Allah? He said: “Yes.” I said: Describe that to me—may Allah have mercy on you—so that I may understand it. He said: “That by which Allah preferred some of His friends over others; so He said: ‘These apostles, We have made some of them to excel others; among them are they to whom Allah spoke, and some of them He exalted by (many) degrees’” (Qur’an 2:253, M. H. Shakir),

الْآيَةَ،وَ قَالَ: وَ لَقَدْ فَضَّلْنٰا بَعْضَ النَّبِيِّينَ عَلىٰ بَعْضٍ [1]،وَ قَالَ: اُنْظُرْ كَيْفَ فَضَّلْنٰا بَعْضَهُمْ عَلىٰ بَعْضٍ وَ لَلْآخِرَةُ أَكْبَرُ دَرَجٰاتٍ [2]،وَ قَالَ: هُمْ دَرَجٰاتٌ عِنْدَ اللّٰهِ [3]،فَهَذَا ذِكْرُ دَرَجَاتِ الْإِيمَانِ وَ مَنَازِلِهِ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ».

Translation: “—and He said: ‘And certainly We have made some of the prophets to excel others’ (Qur’an 17:55, M. H. Shakir) [1], and He said: ‘See how We have made some of them to excel others, and certainly the hereafter is much superior in respect of excellence’ (Qur’an 17:21, M. H. Shakir) [2], and He said: ‘They are (in) varying grades with Allah’ (Qur’an 3:163, M. H. Shakir) [3]. This is the mention of the ranks of faith and its stations with Allah.”

99-/1380 _4- عَنِ الْأَصْبَغِ بْنِ نُبَاتَةَ،قَالَ: كُنْتُ وَاقِفاً مَعَ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَوْمَ الْجَمَلِ، فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ حَتَّى وَقَفَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ،فَقَالَ:يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ،كَبَّرَ الْقَوْمُ وَ كَبَّرْنَا،وَ هَلَّلَ الْقَوْمُ وَ هَلَّلْنَا،وَ صَلَّى الْقَوْمُ وَ صَلَّيْنَا،فَعَلاَمَ نُقَاتِلُهُمْ؟ فَقَالَ:«عَلَى هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ: تِلْكَ الرُّسُلُ فَضَّلْنٰا بَعْضَهُمْ عَلىٰ بَعْضٍ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ كَلَّمَ اللّٰهُ وَ رَفَعَ بَعْضَهُمْ دَرَجٰاتٍ وَ آتَيْنٰا عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ الْبَيِّنٰاتِ وَ أَيَّدْنٰاهُ بِرُوحِ الْقُدُسِ وَ لَوْ شٰاءَ اللّٰهُ مَا اقْتَتَلَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ ،فَنَحْنُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ مٰا جٰاءَتْهُمُ الْبَيِّنٰاتُ وَ لٰكِنِ اخْتَلَفُوا فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ آمَنَ وَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ كَفَرَ وَ لَوْ شٰاءَ اللّٰهُ مَا اقْتَتَلُوا وَ لٰكِنَّ اللّٰهَ يَفْعَلُ مٰا يُرِيدُ فَنَحْنُ الَّذِينَ آمَنَّا،وَ هُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا».

99-/1380 -4- Translation: From al-Asbagh b. Nubāta, who said: I was standing with the Commander of the Faithful, ‘Alī b. Abī Tālib (peace be upon him), on the Day of Jamal when a man came and stood before him and said: O Commander of the Faithful, the people say the takbīr and we say the takbīr; they proclaim the tahlīl and we proclaim the tahlīl; they pray and we pray. So for what reason do we fight them? He said: “On account of this verse: ‘These apostles, We have made some of them to excel others; among them are they to whom Allah spoke, and some of them He exalted by (many) degrees; and We gave clear arguments to Isa son of Marium, and strengthened him with the holy spirit; and if Allah had pleased, those after them would not have fought one with another after clear arguments had come to them; but they disagreed; so there were some of them who believed and others who denied; and if Allah had pleased they would not have fought one with another, but Allah does what He desires’ (Qur’an 2:253, M. H. Shakir). We are those who came after them, after the clear proofs came to them, but they disagreed—so some of them believed and some disbelieved. And if Allah had pleased, they would not have fought; but Allah does what He wills. Thus, we are those who have believed, and they are those who have disbelieved.” The man said: By the Lord of the Ka‘bah, the people have disbelieved! Then he charged and fought until he was killed—may Allah have mercy on him.

99-/1381 _5- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَوْمَ الْجَمَلِ،فَقَالَ:يَا عَلِيُّ،عَلاَمَ تُقَاتِلُ أَصْحَابَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)وَ مَنْ شَهِدَ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ،وَ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً رَسُولُ اللَّهِ؟قَالَ:«عَلَى آيَةٍ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ،أَبَاحَتْ لِي قِتَالَهُمْ».فَقَالَ:وَ مَا هِيَ؟ قَالَ:«قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: تِلْكَ الرُّسُلُ فَضَّلْنٰا بَعْضَهُمْ عَلىٰ بَعْضٍ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ كَلَّمَ اللّٰهُ وَ رَفَعَ بَعْضَهُمْ دَرَجٰاتٍ وَ آتَيْنٰا عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ الْبَيِّنٰاتِ وَ أَيَّدْنٰاهُ بِرُوحِ الْقُدُسِ وَ لَوْ شٰاءَ اللّٰهُ مَا اقْتَتَلَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ مٰا جٰاءَتْهُمُ الْبَيِّنٰاتُ وَ لٰكِنِ اخْتَلَفُوا فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ آمَنَ وَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ كَفَرَ وَ لَوْ شٰاءَ اللّٰهُ مَا اقْتَتَلُوا وَ لٰكِنَّ اللّٰهَ يَفْعَلُ مٰا يُرِيدُ ».

فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ:كَفَرَ-وَ اللَّهِ-اَلْقَوْمُ.

99-/1381 -5- Translation: ‘Alī b. Ibrāhīm said: A man came to the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) on the Day of Jamal and said: O ‘Alī, on what basis do you fight the companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) and those who bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah? He said: “On the basis of a verse in the Book of Allah that has made lawful for me fighting them.” He said: What is it? He said: “His saying, Exalted is He: ‘These apostles, We have made some of them to excel others; among them are they to whom Allah spoke, and some of them He exalted by (many) degrees; and We gave clear arguments to Isa son of Marium, and strengthened him with the holy spirit; and if Allah had pleased, those after them would not have fought one with another after clear arguments had come to them, but they disagreed; so there were some of them who believed and others who denied; and if Allah had pleased they would not have fought one with another, but Allah does what He desires’ (Qur’an 2:253, M. H. Shakir).” The man said: By Allah, the people have disbelieved.

قوله تعالى:

يٰا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَنْفِقُوا مِمّٰا رَزَقْنٰاكُمْ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ يَوْمٌ لاٰ بَيْعٌ فِيهِ وَ لاٰ خُلَّةٌ وَ لاٰ شَفٰاعَةٌ[254]

Translation (Qur’an 2:254, M. H. Shakir): “O you who believe! spend out of what We have given you before there comes the day in which there is no bargaining, neither any friendship nor intercession, and the unbelievers—they are the unjust.”

/1382 _1-علي بن إبراهيم:أي صداقة.

99-/1382 -1- Translation: ‘Alī b. Ibrāhīm: That is, friendship.

_2) -الأمالي 1:200،شرح نهج البلاغة لابن أبي الحديد 5:258.

- al-Amālī 1:200, Sharh Nahj al-Balāghah li-Ibn Abī al-Hadīd 5:258.

_3) -تفسير العيّاشيّ 1:447/135.

- Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:447/135.

[1] المجادلة 58:22.

- al-Mujādilah 58:22.

[2] أثبتناه من المصدر،و هو الطريق الأول لروآية هذا الحديث.

- athbatnāhu mina al-masdar, wa huwa al-tarīq al-awwal li-riwāyati hādhā al-ḥadīth.

[3] في المصدر:تقاتلهم.

- fī al-masdar: tuqātiluhum.

[4] في المصدر:سمهم بما سماهم.

- fī al-masdar: sammihim bimā sammāhum.

[5] أمالي المفيد:3/101.

- Amālī al-Mufīd: 3/101.

_4) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:448/136.

- Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:448/136.

_5) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:84.

- Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:84.

_1) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:84.

- Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:84.

[1] الإسراء 17:55.

- al-Isrā’ 17:55.

[2] الإسراء 17:21.

- al-Isrā’ 17:21.

[3] آل عمران 3:163.

- Āl ‘Imrān 3:163.