S 2 A 283
قال: «قَبْلَ الشَّهَادَةِ».
He said: “Before the testimony.”
قوله تعالى:
وَ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ عَلىٰ سَفَرٍ وَ لَمْ تَجِدُوا كٰاتِباً فَرِهٰانٌ مَقْبُوضَةٌ -إلى قوله- أَمٰانَتَهُ [283]
And if you are on a journey and cannot find a scribe, then a security (should be) taken; but if one of you entrusts another, then he who is entrusted should deliver his trust (2:283) [M. H. Shakir]
99-/1568 _1- الشَّيْخُ فِي(التَّهْذِيبِ):بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ؛ وَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حَدِيدٍ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ،عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِهِ: وَ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ عَلىٰ سَفَرٍ وَ لَمْ تَجِدُوا كٰاتِباً فَرِهٰانٌ مَقْبُوضَةٌ فَإِنْ أَمِنَ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضاً فَلْيُؤَدِّ الَّذِي اؤْتُمِنَ أَمٰانَتَهُ :«أَيْ يَأْخُذُ مِنْهُ رَهْناً، فَإِنْ أَمِنَهُ وَ لَمْ يَأْخُذْ مِنْهُ رَهْناً فَلْيَتَّقِ اللَّهَ رَبَّهُ،الَّذِي يَأْخُذُ الْمَالَ».
99-/1568 _1- (al-Shaykh fi al-Tahdhib): By his chain from Sa‘d b. ‘Abd Allah, from Ahmad b. Muhammad, from Muhammad b. Khalid; and ‘Ali b. Hadid, from ‘Ali b. al-Nu‘man, from Dawud b. al-Husayn, from Abu ‘Abd Allah (peace be upon him), regarding His saying: And if you are on a journey and cannot find a scribe, then a security (should be) taken; but if one of you entrusts another, then he who is entrusted should deliver his trust: “Meaning: he should take from him a pledge; then if he trusts him and does not take a pledge from him, let the one who takes the money be mindful of Allah, his Lord.”
99-/1569 _2- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «لاَ رَهْنَ إِلاَّ مَقْبُوضاً».
99-/1569 _2- (al-‘Ayyashi): From Muhammad b. ‘Isa, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), who said: “There is no pledge except when it is possessed (received).”
قوله تعالى:
وَ لاٰ تَكْتُمُوا الشَّهٰادَةَ وَ مَنْ يَكْتُمْهٰا فَإِنَّهُ آثِمٌ قَلْبُهُ [283]
And do not conceal testimony, and whoever conceals it, his heart is surely sinful (2:283) [M. H. Shakir]
99-/1570 _3- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ،عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ مَنْ يَكْتُمْهٰا فَإِنَّهُ آثِمٌ قَلْبُهُ .قَالَ:«بَعْدَ الشَّهَادَةِ».
99-/1570 _3- Muhammad b. Ya‘qub: From ‘Ali b. Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr, from Hisham b. Salim, from Abu ‘Abd Allah (peace be upon him), regarding His Mighty and Majestic saying: And whoever conceals it, his heart is surely sinful. He said: “After the testimony.”
99-/1571 _4- ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ فِي(الْفَقِيهِ):بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ جَابِرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ:«قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): مَنْ كَتَمَ الشَّهَادَةَ أَوْ شَهِدَ بِهَا لِيُهْدِرَ بِهَا دَمَ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ،أَوْ لِيُتْوِيَ [1] بِهَا مَالَ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ أَتَى يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَ لِوَجْهِهِ ظُلْمَةٌ مَدَّ الْبَصَرِ،وَ فِي وَجْهِهِ كُدُوحٌ [2] تَعْرِفُهُ الْخَلاَئِقُ بِاسْمِهِ وَ نَسَبِهِ،وَ مَنْ شَهِدَ شَهَادَةَ حَقٍّ لِيُحْيِيَ بِهَا مَالَ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ أَتَى يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَ لِوَجْهِهِ نُورٌ مَدَّ الْبَصَرِ،تَعْرِفُهُ الْخَلاَئِقُ بِاسْمِهِ وَ نَسَبِهِ»ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«أَ لاَ تَرَى أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ: وَ أَقِيمُوا الشَّهٰادَةَ لِلّٰهِ [1]».
99-/1571 _4- Ibn Babawayh in (al-Faqih): By his chain from Jabir, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), who said: “The Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family) said: Whoever conceals testimony, or bears it in order to have the blood of a Muslim man made expendable thereby, or to destroy [1] the wealth of a Muslim man thereby, will come on the Day of Resurrection with darkness upon his face as far as the eye can see, and on his face will be gouges [2] by which the creatures will know him by his name and lineage. And whoever bears a true testimony by which he revives the wealth of a Muslim man will come on the Day of Resurrection with light upon his face as far as the eye can see; the creatures will know him by his name and lineage.” Then Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) said: “Do you not see that Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says: And establish the testimony for Allah [1].”
_1) -......
_1) -......
_2) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:525/156.
_2) -Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:525/156.
_3) -الكافي 7:2/381.
_3) -al-Kafi 7:2/381.
_4) -من لا يحضره الفقيه 3:114/35.
_4) -Man la yahduruhu al-faqih 3:114/35.
[1] التوى:مقصور و يمد،و هو هلاك المال.«مجمع البحرين-توا-1:71».
[1] al-tawā: maqsūr wa yumaddu, wa huwa halāku al-māl. “Majma‘ al-Bahrayn – Tawā – 1:71.”
[2] الكدوح:الخدوش،و كلّ أثر من خدش أو عضّ فهو كدح.«النهاية 4:155».
[2] al-kudūḥ: al-khudūsh, wa kullu atharin min khadshin aw ‘aḍḍin fahuwa kadḥ. “al-Nihāyah 4:155.”
99-/1572 _3- وَ عَنْهُ:وَ قَالَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ مَنْ يَكْتُمْهٰا فَإِنَّهُ آثِمٌ قَلْبُهُ ،قَالَ:«كَافِرٌ قَلْبُهُ».
99-/1572 _3- And from him: And he (peace be upon him) said, regarding His Mighty and Majestic saying: And whoever conceals it, his heart is surely sinful: “His heart is unbelieving.”
99-/1573 _4- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: قُلْتُ: وَ لاٰ تَكْتُمُوا الشَّهٰادَةَ ؟ قَالَ:«بَعْدَ الشَّهَادَةِ».
99-/1573 _4- (al-‘Ayyashi): From Hisham b. Salim, from Abu ‘Abd Allah (peace be upon him). He said: I asked, And do not conceal the testimony? He said: “After the testimony.”
قوله تعالى:
لِلّٰهِ مٰا فِي السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ مٰا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَ إِنْ تُبْدُوا مٰا فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَوْ تُخْفُوهُ يُحٰاسِبْكُمْ بِهِ اللّٰهُ فَيَغْفِرُ لِمَنْ يَشٰاءُ وَ يُعَذِّبُ مَنْ يَشٰاءُ وَ اللّٰهُ عَلىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ* آمَنَ الرَّسُولُ بِمٰا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ رَبِّهِ وَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ كُلٌّ آمَنَ بِاللّٰهِ وَ مَلاٰئِكَتِهِ وَ كُتُبِهِ وَ رُسُلِهِ لاٰ نُفَرِّقُ بَيْنَ أَحَدٍ مِنْ رُسُلِهِ -إلى قوله تعالى:- فَانْصُرْنٰا عَلَى الْقَوْمِ الْكٰافِرِينَ [284-286]
Whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth is Allah’s; and whether you manifest what is in your minds or hide it, Allah will call you to account according to it; then He will forgive whom He pleases and chastise whom He pleases, and Allah has power over all things. The messenger believes in what has been revealed to him from his Lord, and (so do) the believers; they all believe in Allah and His angels and His books and His messengers; We make no difference between any of His messengers; and they say: We hear and obey, our Lord! Thy forgiveness (do we crave), and to Thee is the eventual course. Allah does not impose upon any soul a duty but to the extent of its ability; it shall have (the benefit of) what (good) it has earned, and it shall bear (the evil of) what it has wrought: Our Lord! do not punish us if we forget or make a mistake; Our Lord! do not lay on us a burden as Thou didst lay on those before us, Our Lord do not impose upon us that which we have not the strength to bear; and pardon us and grant us protection and have mercy on us, Thou art our Patron, so help us against the unbelieving people (2:284-286) [M. H. Shakir]
99-/1574 _1- (الْإِحْتِجَاجِ):عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ آبَائِهِ،عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)-فِي حَدِيثٍ طَوِيلٍ مَعَ يَهُودِيٍّ يَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ فَضَائِلِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ،وَ يَأْتِيهِ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)بِمَا لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)بِمَا هُوَ أَفْضَلُ مِمَّا أُوتِيَ الْأَنْبِيَاءَ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)،فَكَانَ فِيمَا سَأَلَهُ الْيَهُودِيُّ،أَنَّهُ قَالَ لَهُ: فَإِنَّ هَذَا سُلَيْمَانُ قَدْ سُخِّرَتْ لَهُ الرِّيَاحُ،فَسَارَتْ بِهِ فِي بِلاَدِهِ غُدُوُّهَا شَهْرٌ وَ رَوَاحُهَا شَهْرٌ؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ عَلِيٌّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«لَقَدْ كَانَ كَذَلِكَ،وَ مُحَمَّدٌ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)أُعْطِيَ مَا هُوَ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ هَذَا:إِنَّهُ أُسْرِيَ بِهِ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ الْأَقْصَى مَسِيرَةَ شَهْرٍ،وَ عُرِجَ بِهِ فِي مَلَكُوتِ السَّمَاوَاتِ مَسِيرَةَ خَمْسِينَ أَلْفَ عَامٍ فِي أَقَلَّ مِنْ ثُلُثِ لَيْلَةٍ،حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى سَاقِ الْعَرْشِ،فَدَنَا بِالْعِلْمِ فَتَدَلَّى مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ رَفْرَفٌ أَخْضَرُ،وَ غَشِيَ النُّورُ بَصَرَهُ،
99-/1574 _1- (al-Ihtijaj): From Musa b. Ja‘far, from his father, from his forefathers, from al-Husayn b. ‘Ali, from his father ‘Ali b. Abi Talib (peace be upon them)—in a long narration with a Jew who questions him about the virtues of the prophets, and the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) presents what pertains to the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family) as that which is superior to what the prophets (peace be upon them) were given—there was among what the Jew asked him that he said to him: “As for this Sulayman, the winds were subjected to him; they carried him through his land—their morning course was a month and their evening course a month.” So ‘Ali (peace be upon him) said to him: “Indeed it was so; and Muhammad (Allah bless him and his family) was given what is superior to this: He was taken by night from the Sacred Mosque to the Farthest Mosque—a journey of a month—and he was taken up through the dominion of the heavens—a journey of fifty thousand years—in less than a third of a night, until he reached the trunk of the Throne. Then he drew near with knowledge, and there descended from the Garden a green rafraf (cushioned carpet), and the light covered his sight.”
_1) -الإحتجاج:220.
_1) -al-Ihtijaj: 220.
[1] الطّلاق 65:2.
[1] al-Talaq 65:2.
[2] في«س»نسخة بدل:يخبره.
[2] fī “S” nuskhat badal: yukhbiruhu.
[3] في«س»نسخة بدل:أخبره.
[3] fī “S” nuskhat badal: akhbarahu.
[4] الرّفرف:البساط.«النهاية 2:242».
[4] al-rafraf: al-bisāt. “al-Nihāyah 2:242.”