Yunus Ayah 74

يونس آية 74

ثُمَّ بَعَثْنَا مِنْ بَعْدِهِ رُسُلًا إِلَىٰ قَوْمِهِمْ فَجَاءُوهُمْ بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ فَمَا كَانُوا لِيُؤْمِنُوا بِمَا كَذَّبُوا بِهِ مِنْ قَبْلُ ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ نَطْبَعُ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِ الْمُعْتَدِينَ

And then We sent after him messengers to their people, so they came to them with clear arguments, but they were not such as to believe in what they rejected before; thus do We set seals upon the hearts of those who exceed the limits. (Qur’an 10:74, M. H. Shakir)

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مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ: عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْجُعْفِيِّ وَ عُقْبَةَ جَمِيعاً، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، قَالَ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ خَلَقَ الْخَلْقَ، فَخَلَقَ مَنْ أَحَبَّ، مِمَّا أَحَبَّ، وَ كَانَ مَا أَحَبَّ أَنْ خَلَقَهُ مِنْ طِينَةِ الْجَنَّةِ. وَ خَلَقَ مَنْ أَبْغَضَ مِمَّا أَبْغَضَ، وَ كَانَ مَا أَبْغَضَ أَنْ خَلَقَهُ مِنْ طِينَةِ النَّارِ، ثُمَّ بَعَثَهُمْ فِي الظِّلاَلِ». فَقُلْتُ: وَ أَيُّ شَيْءٍ الظِّلاَلُ؟ فَقَالَ: «أَ لَمْ تَرَ إِلَى ظِلِّكَ فِي الشَّمْسِ شَيْئاً وَ لَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ؟ ثُمَّ بَعَثَ مِنْهُمُ النَّبِيِّينَ، فَدَعَوْهُمْ إِلَى الْإِقْرَارِ بِاللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ، وَ هُوَ قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَلَئِنْ سَأَلْتَهُمْ مَنْ خَلَقَهُمْ لَيَقُولُنَّ اللّٰهُ [1]، ثُمَّ دَعَوْهُمْ إِلَى الْإِقْرَارِ بِالنَّبِيِّينَ، فَأَقَرَّ بَعْضٌ وَ أَنْكَرَ بَعْضٌ، ثُمَّ دَعَوْهُمْ إِلَى وَلَايَتِنَا، فَأَقَرَّ بِهَا وَاللَّهِ مَنْ أَحَبَّ، وَ أَنْكَرَهَا مَنْ أَبْغَضَ، وَ هُوَ قَوْلُهُ: فَمَا كَانُوا لِيُؤْمِنُوا بِمَا كَذَّبُوا بِهِ مِنْ قَبْلُ». ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «كَانَ التَّكْذِيبُ ثَمَّ» [2]. وَ رَوَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ فِي (الْعِلَلِ): عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ بَزِيعٍ، بِبَاقِي السَّنَدِ وَ الْمَتْنِ [3].

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Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub—from Muhammad ibn Yahya, from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn, from Muhammad ibn Isma‘il, from Salih ibn ‘Uqbah, from ‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad al-Ju‘fi and ‘Uqbah together—from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) who said: “Indeed, Allah, Mighty and Majestic, created the creatures, and He created those whom He loved from that which He loved, and what He loved was that He created them from the clay of Paradise. And He created those whom He detested from that which He detested, and what He detested was that He created them from the clay of the Fire; then He sent them forth in the shadows.” I said: “And what are the shadows?” He said: “Have you not seen your shadow in the sun—something that is a thing and yet is not a (substantial) thing? Then from among them He sent the prophets, and they called them to acknowledge Allah, Mighty and Majestic—and it is His saying, ‘And if you ask them who created them, they will certainly say: Allah’ [1]. Then they called them to acknowledge the prophets; some acknowledged and some denied. Then they called them to our wilayah; by Allah, those whom He loved acknowledged it, and those whom He detested denied it. And it is His saying: ‘So they were not such as to believe in what they rejected before.’” Then Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) said: “The denial was there [then]” [2]. And Ibn Babawayh narrated this hadith in (al-‘Ilal): from his father, from Sa‘d ibn ‘Abd Allah, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Muhammad ibn Isma‘il ibn Bazi‘, with the rest of the chain and the text [3].

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الْعَيَّاشِيُّ: عَنْ زُرَارَةَ وَ حُمْرَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ وَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)، قَالاَ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَلَقَ الْخَلْقَ وَ هِيَ أَظِلَّةٌ، فَأَرْسَلَ رَسُولَهُ مُحَمَّداً(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ آمَنَ بِهِ، وَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ كَذَّبَهُ، ثُمَّ بَعَثَهُ فِي الْخَلْقِ الْآخَرِ فَآمَنَ بِهِ مَنْ كَانَ آمَنَ بِهِ فِي الْأَظِلَّةِ، وَ جَحَدَهُ مَنْ جَحَدَ بِهِ يَوْمَئِذٍ، فَقَالَ: فَمَا كَانُوا لِيُؤْمِنُوا بِمَا كَذَّبُوا بِهِ مِنْ قَبْلُ».

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Al-‘Ayyashi—from Zurara and Humran—from Abu Ja‘far and Abu ‘Abd Allah (peace be upon them both), who said: “Allah created the creatures while they were shadows, and He sent His Messenger Muhammad (may Allah bless him and his family). Among them were those who believed in him and among them were those who denied him. Then He sent him among the (world of) formed creatures, so those who had believed in him while in the shadows believed in him, and those who had denied him on that day denied him; so He said: ‘So they were not such as to believe in what they rejected before.’”

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عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، فِي قَوْلِهِ: ثُمَّ بَعَثْنَا مِنْ بَعْدِهِ رُسُلًا إِلَىٰ قَوْمِهِمْ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ بِمَا كَذَّبُوا بِهِ مِنْ قَبْلُ، قَالَ: «بَعَثَ اللَّهُ الرُّسُلَ إِلَى الْخَلْقِ وَ هُمْ فِي أَصْلَابِ الرِّجَالِ وَ أَرْحَامِ النِّسَاءِ، فَمَنْ صَدَّقَ حِينَئِذٍ صَدَّقَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ، وَ مَنْ كَذَّبَ حِينَئِذٍ كَذَّبَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ».

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From Abu Basir—from Abu ‘Abd Allah (peace be upon him), regarding His saying: “Then We sent after him messengers to their people … to His saying, ‘what they rejected before,’” he said: “Allah sent the messengers to the creatures while they were in the loins of men and the wombs of women. Whoever affirmed (faith) then would affirm thereafter, and whoever denied then would deny thereafter.”

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عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْجُعْفِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، قَالَ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَلَقَ الْخَلْقَ، فَخَلَقَ مَنْ أَحَبَّ مِمَّا أَحَبَّ، وَ كَانَ مَا أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَخْلُقَهُ مِنْ طِينَةٍ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ، وَ خَلَقَ مَنْ أَبْغَضَ، مِمَّا أَبْغَضَ، وَ كَانَ مَا أَبْغَضَ أَنْ خَلَقَهُ مِنْ طِينَةٍ مِنَ النَّارِ، ثُمَّ بَعَثَهُمْ فِي الظِّلاَلِ». فَقُلْتُ: وَ أَيُّ شَيْءٍ الظِّلاَلُ؟ فَقَالَ: «أَمَا تَرَى ظِلَّكَ فِي الشَّمْسِ شَيْئاً وَ لَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ؟ ثُمَّ بَعَثَ فِيهِمُ النَّبِيِّينَ يَدْعُونَهُمْ إِلَى الْإِقْرَارِ بِاللَّهِ، فَأَقَرَّ بَعْضٌ وَ أَنْكَرَ بَعْضٌ، ثُمَّ دَعَوْهُمْ إِلَى وَلَايَتِنَا، فَأَقَرَّ بِهَا—وَ اللَّهِ—مَنْ أَحَبَّ، وَ أَنْكَرَهَا مَنْ أَبْغَضَ، وَ هُوَ قَوْلُهُ: فَمَا كَانُوا لِيُؤْمِنُوا بِمَا كَذَّبُوا بِهِ مِنْ قَبْلُ». ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «كَانَ التَّكْذِيبُ ثَمَّ».

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From ‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad al-Ju‘fi—from Abu ‘Abd Allah (peace be upon him), who said: “Indeed, Allah created the creatures. He created those whom He loved from that which He loved, and what He loved was that He create them from a clay from Paradise; and He created those whom He detested from that which He detested, and what He detested was that He create them from a clay from the Fire; then He sent them forth in the shadows.” I said: “And what are the shadows?” He said: “Do you not see your shadow in the sun—something that appears as a thing though it is not (a substantial) thing? Then He sent among them the prophets calling them to acknowledge Allah; some acknowledged and some denied. Then they called them to our wilayah; by Allah, those whom He loved acknowledged it, and those whom He detested denied it. And it is His saying: ‘So they were not such as to believe in what they rejected before.’” Then Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) said: “The denial was there [then].”

المراجع:

_1) الكافي 2:3/8. al-Kāfī 2:3/8.

_2) تفسير العيّاشي 2:35/126. Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:35/126.

_3) تفسير العيّاشي 2:36/126. Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:36/126.

_4) تفسير العيّاشي 2:37/126. Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:37/126.

[1] الزخرف 43:87. al-Zukhruf 43:87.

[2] ثمّ هنا: ظرف لا يتصرّف، بمعنى هنالك. thumma hunā: zarfun lā yatasarrafu, bi-ma‘nā hunālika.

[3] علل الشرائع: 3/118. ‘Ilal al-Sharā’i‘ 3:118.

[1] (من) ليس في المصدر. (min) laysa fī al-masdar.

[2] في المصدر زيادة: اللّه. fī al-masdar ziyādah: Allāh.

قوله تعالى:

وَقَالَ مُوسَىٰ يَا قَوْمِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ آمَنْتُمْ بِاللَّهِ فَعَلَيْهِ تَوَكَّلُوا إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُسْلِمِينَ • فَقَالُوا عَلَى اللَّهِ تَوَكَّلْنَا رَبَّنَا لَا تَجْعَلْنَا فِتْنَةً لِلْقَوْمِ الظَّالِمِينَ • وَنَجِّنَا بِرَحْمَتِكَ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ الْكَافِرِينَ

And Musa said: O my people! if you believe in Allah, then rely on Him (alone) if you submit (to Him). So they said: On Allah we rely; O our Lord! make us not a trial for the unjust people. And deliver us by Thy mercy from the unbelieving people. (Qur’an 10:84–86, M. H. Shakir)

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قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ: وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي الْجَارُودِ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: وَقَالَ مُوسَىٰ يَا قَوْمِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ آمَنْتُمْ بِاللَّهِ فَعَلَيْهِ تَوَكَّلُوا إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُسْلِمِينَ • فَقَالُوا عَلَى اللَّهِ تَوَكَّلْنَا رَبَّنَا لَا تَجْعَلْنَا فِتْنَةً لِلْقَوْمِ الظَّالِمِينَ: «فَإِنَّ قَوْمَ مُوسَى اسْتَعْبَدَهُمْ آلُ فِرْعَوْنَ، وَ قَالُوا: لَوْ كَانَ لِهَؤُلَاءِ عَلَى اللَّهِ كَرَامَةٌ كَمَا يَقُولُونَ مَا سَلَّطْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ. فَقَالَ مُوسَى لِقَوْمِهِ: يَا قَوْمِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ آمَنْتُمْ بِاللَّهِ فَعَلَيْهِ تَوَكَّلُوا إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُسْلِمِينَ • فَقَالُوا عَلَى اللَّهِ تَوَكَّلْنَا رَبَّنَا لَا تَجْعَلْنَا فِتْنَةً لِلْقَوْمِ الظَّالِمِينَ • وَنَجِّنَا بِرَحْمَتِكَ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ الْكَافِرِينَ».

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‘Ali ibn Ibrahim said: And in the narration of Abu al-Jarud, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), regarding His saying: “And Musa said: O my people! if you believe in Allah, then rely on Him if you submit (to Him). So they said: On Allah we rely; O our Lord! make us not a trial for the unjust people,” he said: “The people of Musa were enslaved by the House of Pharaoh, and they (the oppressors) said: ‘If these had any honor with Allah, as they claim, We would not have been given power over them.’ So Musa said to his people: ‘O my people! if you believe in Allah, then rely on Him if you submit (to Him).’ They said: ‘On Allah we rely; O our Lord! make us not a trial for the unjust people, and deliver us by Your mercy from the unbelieving people.’”

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الْعَيَّاشِيُّ: عَنْ زُرَارَةَ وَ حُمْرَانَ وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ وَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)، عَنْ قَوْلِهِ: رَبَّنَا لَا تَجْعَلْنَا فِتْنَةً لِلْقَوْمِ الظَّالِمِينَ، قَالَ: «لَا تُسَلِّطْهُمْ عَلَيْنَا فَتَفْتِنَهُمْ بِنَا».

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Al-‘Ayyashi—from Zurara, Humran, and Muhammad ibn Muslim—from Abu Ja‘far and Abu ‘Abd Allah (peace be upon them both), regarding His saying, “Our Lord! make us not a trial for the unjust people,” said: “Do not give them power over us, lest You make them fall into trial on our account.”

قوله تعالى:

وَأَوْحَيْنَا إِلَىٰ مُوسَىٰ وَأَخِيهِ أَنْ تَبَوَّآ لِقَوْمِكُمَا بِمِصْرَ بُيُوتًا وَاجْعَلُوا بُيُوتَكُمْ قِبْلَةً وَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ

And We revealed to Musa and his brother: Take for your people houses to abide in Egypt and make your houses places of worship and keep up prayer. (Qur’an 10:87, M. H. Shakir)

المراجع:

_1) تفسير القمّيّ 1:314. Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:314.

_2) تفسير العيّاشي 2:38/127. Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:38/127.

[1] (من) ليس في المصدر. (min) laysa fī al-masdar.

[2] في المصدر زيادة: اللّه. fī al-masdar ziyādah: Allāh.