Al-Isra Ayah 16-22

قوله تعالى:

وَلا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَى [15]

[الإسراء: 15]

M. H. Shakir: Whoever goes aright, for his own soul does he go aright; and whoever goes astray, he only goes astray to its detriment; and no bearer of burden shall bear the burden of another, and We do not chastise until We send an apostle.

قوله تعالى:

وَ إِذَا أَرَدْنَا أَنْ نُهْلِكَ قَرْيَةً أَمَرْنَا مُتْرَفِيهَا فَفَسَقُوا فِيهَا فَحَقَّ عَلَيْهَا الْقَوْلُ فَدَمَّرْنَاهَا تَدْمِيرًا [16]

[الإسراء: 16]

M. H. Shakir: And when We wish to destroy a town, We send Our commandment to the people of it who lead easy lives, but they transgress therein; thus the word proves true against it, so We destroy it with utter destruction.

وَكَمْ أَهْلَكْنَا مِنَ الْقُرُونِ مِنْ بَعْدِ نُوحٍ ۗ وَكَفَىٰ بِرَبِّكَ بِذُنُوبِ عِبَادِهِ خَبِيرًا بَصِيرًا [17]

[الإسراء: 17]

M. H. Shakir: And how many of the generations did We destroy after Nuh! and your Lord is sufficient as being aware and seeing with regard to His servants' faults.

مَنْ كَانَ يُرِيدُ الْعَاجِلَةَ عَجَّلْنَا لَهُ فِيهَا مَا نَشَاءُ لِمَنْ نُرِيدُ ثُمَّ جَعَلْنَا لَهُ جَهَنَّمَ يَصْلَاهَا مَذْمُومًا مَدْحُورًا [18]

[الإسراء: 18]

M. H. Shakir: Whoever desires this present life, We hasten to him therein what We please for whomsoever We desire, then We assign to him the hell; he shall enter it despised, driven away.

وَمَنْ أَرَادَ الْآخِرَةَ وَسَعَىٰ لَهَا سَعْيَهَا وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَأُولَٰئِكَ كَانَ سَعْيُهُمْ مَشْكُورًا [19]

[الإسراء: 19]

M. H. Shakir: And whoever desires the hereafter and strives for it as he ought to strive and he is a believer, (as for) these, their striving shall surely be accepted.

كُلًّا نُمِدُّ هَٰؤُلَاءِ وَهَٰؤُلَاءِ مِنْ عَطَاءِ رَبِّكَ ۚ وَمَا كَانَ عَطَاءُ رَبِّكَ مَحْظُورًا [20]

[الإسراء: 20]

M. H. Shakir: All do We aid—these as well as those—out of the bounty of your Lord, and the bounty of your Lord is not confined.

انْظُرْ كَيْفَ فَضَّلْنَا بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ ۚ وَلَلْآخِرَةُ أَكْبَرُ دَرَجَاتٍ وَأَكْبَرُ تَفْضِيلًا [21]

[الإسراء: 21]

M. H. Shakir: See how We have made some of them to excel others, and certainly the hereafter is greater in exalting and greater in excellence.

لَا تَجْعَلْ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَٰهًا آخَرَ فَتَقْعُدَ مَذْمُومًا مَخْذُولًا [22]

[الإسراء: 22]

M. H. Shakir: Do not associate with Allah any other god, lest you sit down despised, neglected.

99-/6291 _1- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ: عَنْ حُمْرَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِهِ: «وَإِذَا أَرَدْنَا أَنْ نُهْلِكَ قَرْيَةً أَمَّرْنَا مُتْرَفِيهَا» مُشَدَّدَةً مَنْصُوبَةً: «تَفْسِيرُهَا: كَثَّرْنَا -وَقَالَ- لاَ قَرَأْتُهَا مُخَفَّفَةً».

99-/6291: Al-‘Ayyashi, from Humran, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), regarding His saying: “And when We wish to destroy a town, ammarna mutrafiha” with a shadda and in the accusative: “Its interpretation is: We increased (them),” and he said: “I have not recited it in the lightened form.”

99-/6292 _2- عَنْ حُمْرَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: وَإِذَا أَرَدْنَا أَنْ نُهْلِكَ قَرْيَةً أَمَرْنَا مُتْرَفِيهَا، قَالَ: «تَفْسِيرُهَا أَمَرْنَا أَكَابِرَهَا».

99-/6292: From Humran, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), regarding His saying, exalted is He: “And when We wish to destroy a town, amarna mutrafiha,” he said: “Its interpretation is: We commanded its nobles.”

/6293 _3- علي بن إبراهيم: في قوله تعالى: وَإِذَا أَرَدْنَا أَنْ نُهْلِكَ قَرْيَةً أَمَرْنَا مُتْرَفِيهَا أي كَثَّرْنَا جَبَابِرَتَهَا، ثم قال: قوله: مَنْ كَانَ يُرِيدُ الْعَاجِلَةَ -يعني أموالَ الدنيا- عَجَّلْنَا لَهُ فِيهَا مَا نَشَاءُ لِمَنْ نُرِيدُ -في الدنيا- ثُمَّ جَعَلْنَا لَهُ جَهَنَّمَ -في الآخرة- يَصْلَاهَا مَذْمُومًا مَدْحُورًا يعني: يُلْقَى في النار، ثمّ ذكر مَنْ عَمِلَ للآخرة فقال: وَمَنْ أَرَادَ الْآخِرَةَ وَسَعَىٰ لَهَا سَعْيَهَا وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَأُولَٰئِكَ كَانَ سَعْيُهُمْ مَشْكُورًا ثم قال قوله تعالى: كُلًّا نُمِدُّ هَٰؤُلَاءِ وَهَٰؤُلَاءِ مِنْ عَطَاءِ رَبِّكَ يعني: مَن أرادَ الدنيا وأرادَ الآخرةَ، ومعنى نُمِدُّ: أي نُعْطِي وَمَا كَانَ عَطَاءُ رَبِّكَ مَحْظُورًا: أي ممنوعا. ثم قال: قوله تعالى: لَا تَجْعَلْ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَٰهًا آخَرَ فَتَقْعُدَ مَذْمُومًا مَخْذُولًا أي في النار، وهو مخاطبة للنبي والمعنى للناس، قال: وهو قَوْلُ الصَّادِقِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «إِنَّ اللَّهَ بَعَثَ نَبِيَّهُ بِإِيَّاكِ أَعْنِي وَاسْمَعِي يَا جَارَةُ».

/6293: ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim, on His saying, exalted is He: “And when We wish to destroy a town, amarna mutrafiha,” that is, “We increased its tyrants.” Then he said: His saying, “Whoever desires the present (i.e., worldly wealth), We hasten for him therein what We please for whom We desire in this world, then We appoint for him Hell in the Hereafter; he shall enter it despised, driven away,” meaning: he is cast into the Fire. Then He mentioned the one who works for the Hereafter and said: “And whoever desires the Hereafter and strives for it as it ought to be striven for while he is a believer—those, their striving is appreciated.” Then he said, His saying, exalted is He: “All do We aid—these as well as those—out of the bounty of your Lord,” meaning: those who desire the world and those who desire the Hereafter. The meaning of numiddu is “We give,” and “the bounty of your Lord is not confined,” i.e., not prevented. Then he said: His saying, exalted is He: “Do not set up with Allah another god, lest you sit down despised, neglected,” i.e., in the Fire. It is an address to the Prophet, and the meaning is for the people. He said—and it is the saying of al-Sadiq (peace be upon him): “Verily Allah sent His Prophet with: ‘It is you I mean, so listen, O neighbor!’”

_1) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:34/284.

_1) -Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 2:34/284.

_2) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:35/284.

_2) -Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 2:35/284.

_3) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:17.

_3) -Tafsir al-Qummi 2:17.

[1] تقدّم في الأحاديث(8-10)من تفسير الآيات(161-165)من سورة الأنعام.

[1] It was previously covered in traditions (8–10) under the exegesis of verses (161–165) of Surah al-An‘am.

قوله تعالى:

وَقَضَىٰ رَبُّكَ أَلَّا تَعْبُدُوا إِلَّا إِيَّاهُ وَبِالْوَالِدَيْنِ إِحْسَانًا ۚ إِمَّا يَبْلُغَنَّ عِنْدَكَ الْكِبَرَ أَحَدُهُمَا أَوْ كِلَاهُمَا فَلَا تَقُلْ لَهُمَا أُفٍّ وَلَا تَنْهَرْهُمَا وَقُلْ لَهُمَا قَوْلًا كَرِيمًا [23]

[الإسراء: 23]

M. H. Shakir: And your Lord has commanded that you shall not serve but Him, and goodness to your parents. If either or both of them reach old age with you, say not to them so much as “Ugh”, nor chide them, and speak to them a generous word.

وَاخْفِضْ لَهُمَا جَنَاحَ الذُّلِّ مِنَ الرَّحْمَةِ وَقُلْ رَبِّ ارْحَمْهُمَا كَمَا رَبَّيَانِي صَغِيرًا [24]

[الإسراء: 24]

M. H. Shakir: And lower to them the wing of humility out of mercy, and say: My Lord! have mercy on them, as they brought me up (when I was) little.

99-/6294 _1- ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَطَّانُ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ السُّكَّرِيُّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ زَكَرِيَّا الْجَوْهَرِيُّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ الضَّبِّيُّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْهُذَلِيُّ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)-فِي حَدِيثٍ- قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، فَمَا الْقَضَاءُ وَالْقَدَرُ اللَّذَانِ سَاقَانَا، وَمَا هَبَطْنَا وَادِيًا وَلَا عَلَوْنَا تَلْعَةً إِلَّا بِهِمَا؟ فَقَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «الْأَمْرُ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَالْحُكْمُ -ثُمَّ تَلَا هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ-: وَقَضَىٰ رَبُّكَ أَلَّا تَعْبُدُوا إِلَّا إِيَّاهُ وَبِالْوَالِدَيْنِ إِحْسَانًا أَيْ أَمَرَ رَبُّكَ أَلَّا تَعْبُدُوا إِلَّا إِيَّاهُ وَبِالْوَالِدَيْنِ إِحْسَانًا».

99-/6294: Ibn Babawayh narrated: Ahmad b. al-Hasan al-Qattan narrated to us, he said: al-Hasan b. ‘Ali al-Sukkari narrated to us, he said: Muhammad b. Zakariyya al-Jawhari narrated to us, he said: al-‘Abbas b. Bakkar al-Dabbi narrated to us, he said: Abu Bakr al-Hudhali, from ‘Ikrima, from Ibn ‘Abbas, from the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him)—in a narration—that the shaykh said: “O Commander of the Faithful, what are the decree (qada’) and the predestination (qadar) by which we are driven, such that we never descend a valley nor ascend a rise except by them?” The Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) said: “The command is from Allah, and the judgment (is His).” Then he recited this verse: “And your Lord has decreed that you shall not serve but Him, and goodness to the parents,” that is, “Your Lord has ordered that you serve none but Him, and (ordered) goodness to the parents.”

99-/6295 _2- الطَّبْرِسِيُّ فِي (الْإِحْتِجَاجِ): عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عُمَيْرِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ الشَّامِيِّ، قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُوسَى الرِّضَا(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) بِمَرْوَ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، رُوِيَ لَنَا عَنِ الصَّادِقِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَا جَبْرَ وَلَا تَفْوِيضَ، بَلْ أَمْرٌ بَيْنَ أَمْرَيْنِ» مَا مَعْنَاهُ؟ فَقَالَ: «مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَفْعَلُ أَفْعَالَنَا ثُمَّ يُعَذِّبُنَا عَلَيْهَا فَقَدْ قَالَ بِالْجَبْرِ، وَمَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ فَوَّضَ أَمْرَ الْخَلْقِ وَالرِّزْقِ إِلَى حُجَجِهِ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ) فَقَدْ قَالَ بِالتَّفْوِيضِ، وَالْقَائِلُ بِالْجَبْرِ كَافِرٌ، وَالْقَائِلُ بِالتَّفْوِيضِ مُشْرِكٌ». فَقُلْتُ: يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، فَمَا أَمْرٌ بَيْنَ أَمْرَيْنِ؟ فَقَالَ: «وُجُودُ السَّبِيلِ إِلَى إِتْيَانِ مَا أُمِرُوا بِهِ، وَتَرْكِ مَا نُهُوا عَنْهُ». قُلْتُ لَهُ: وَهَلْ لِلَّهِ مَشِيئَةٌ وَإِرَادَةٌ فِي ذَلِكَ؟ فَقَالَ: «أَمَّا الطَّاعَاتُ فَإِرَادَةُ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى وَمَشِيئَتُهُ فِيهَا الْأَمْرُ بِهَا، وَالرِّضَا لَهَا، وَالْمُعَاوَنَةُ عَلَيْهَا، وَإِرَادَتُهُ وَمَشِيئَتُهُ فِي الْمَعَاصِي النَّهْيُ عَنْهَا، وَالسَّخَطُ لَهَا، وَالْخِذْلَانُ عَلَيْهَا». قُلْتُ: فَلِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ [فِيهَا] الْقَضَاءُ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ، مَا مِنْ فِعْلٍ يَفْعَلُهُ الْعِبَادُ مِنْ خَيْرٍ أَوْ شَرٍّ إِلَّا وَلِلَّهِ فِيهِ قَضَاءٌ». قُلْتُ: فَمَا مَعْنَى هَذَا الْقَضَاءِ؟ قَالَ: «الْحُكْمُ عَلَيْهِمْ بِمَا يَسْتَحِقُّونَهُ مِنَ الثَّوَابِ وَالْعِقَابِ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ».

99-/6295: Al-Tabrisi in al-Ihtijaj, from Yazid b. ‘Umayr b. Mu‘awiya al-Shami, said: I entered upon ‘Ali b. Musa al-Rida (peace be upon him) in Marw, and I said to him: “O son of the Messenger of Allah, it has been narrated to us from al-Sadiq Ja‘far b. Muhammad (peace be upon them) that he said: ‘There is neither compulsion nor delegation, but a matter between two matters.’ What does it mean?” He said: “Whoever claims that Allah performs our acts and then punishes us for them has asserted compulsion (jabr); and whoever claims that Allah has delegated the affair of creation and provision to His proofs (peace be upon them) has asserted delegation (tafwid). The proponent of jabr is a disbeliever, and the proponent of tafwid is a polytheist.” I said: “O son of the Messenger of Allah, then what is ‘a matter between two matters’?” He said: “The existence of a path to perform what they were commanded and to refrain from what they were forbidden.” I said to him: “Does Allah have will and volition regarding that?” He said: “As for acts of obedience, Allah’s will and volition therein are His commanding them, His being pleased with them, and His assistance upon them; and His will and volition regarding sins are His forbidding them, His displeasure with them, and His abandoning (one) to them.” I said: “So does Allah, Mighty and Majestic, have decree (qada’) in them?” He said: “Yes. There is no act that servants do—of good or evil—except that Allah has a decree in it.” I said: “What is the meaning of this decree?” He said: “Judgment upon them according to what they deserve of reward and punishment in this world and the Hereafter.”

99-/6296 _3- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ: عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى وَعَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ جَمِيعًا، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ، عَنْ أَبِي وَلَّادٍ الْحَنَّاطِ، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: وَبِالْوَالِدَيْنِ إِحْسَانًا مَا هَذَا الْإِحْسَانُ؟ فَقَالَ: «الْإِحْسَانُ: أَنْ تُحْسِنَ صُحْبَتَهُمَا، وَلَا تُكَلِّفَهُمَا أَنْ يَسْأَلَاكَ شَيْئًا مِمَّا يَحْتَاجَانِ إِلَيْهِ، وَإِنْ كَانَا مُسْتَغْنِيَيْنِ،

99-/6296: Muhammad b. Ya‘qub, from Muhammad b. Yahya, from Ahmad b. Muhammad b. ‘Isa and ‘Ali b. Ibrahim, from his father together, from al-Hasan b. Mahbub, from Abu Wallad al-Hannat, said: I asked Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) about the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: “And goodness to the parents.” What is this goodness? He said: “Goodness is that you keep good company with them, and that you do not put them to the trouble of asking you for anything they need, even if they are well-off.”

_1) -التوحيد: 382 ذيل حديث 28.

_1) -al-Tawhid: 382 dhayl hadith 28.

_2) -الإحتجاج: 414.

_2) -al-Ihtijaj: 414.

_3) -الكافي 2:1/126.

_3) -al-Kafi 2:1/126.