Al-Isra Ayah 34-35

أَغْمَدَ [1] أَرْبَعِينَ أَلْفَ سَيْفٍ حِينَ أُصِيبَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)وَ أَسْلَمَهَا إِلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ،وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ سَبْعِينَ أَلْفَ سَيْفِ قَاتِلِهِ،لَوْ خَطَرَ عَلَيْهِمْ خَطَرٌ مَا خَرَجُوا مِنْهَا حَتَّى يَمُوتُوا جَمِيعاً،وَ خَرَجَ الْحُسَيْنُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)فَعَرَضَ نَفْسَهُ عَلَى اللَّهِ فِي سَبْعِينَ رَجُلاً،مَنْ أَحَقُّ بِدَمِهِ مِنَّا؟نَحْنُ-وَ اللَّهِ-أَصْحَابُ الْأَمْرِ،وَ فِينَا الْقَائِمُ،وَ مِنَّا السَّفَّاحُ وَ الْمَنْصُورُ،وَ قَدْ قَالَ اللَّهُ: وَ مَنْ قُتِلَ مَظْلُوماً فَقَدْ جَعَلْنٰا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلْطٰاناً نَحْنُ أَوْلِيَاءُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)،وَ عَلَى دِينِهِ».

He sheathed [1] forty thousand swords when the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) was struck and handed them over to Mu‘āwiya; and Muhammad son of ‘Alī [brought forth] seventy thousand swords—his killer’s. If danger had loomed over them, they would not have withdrawn until they all died. And al-Husayn (peace be upon him) went forth and offered himself to God with seventy men. Who has more right to his blood than us? By God, we are the people of authority, among us is the Qā’im, and from us are the Saffāḥ and the Mansūr. And God has said: “And whoever is slain unjustly, We have indeed given to his heir authority.” We are the heirs of al-Husayn son of ‘Alī (peace be upon them), and upon his religion.

الآية: وَمَنْ قُتِلَ مَظْلُومًا فَقَدْ جَعَلْنَا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلْطَانًا فَلَا يُسْرِفْ فِي الْقَتْلِ إِنَّهُ كَانَ مَنْصُورًا (الإسراء 17:33)

M. H. Shakir: And whoever is slain unjustly, We have indeed given to his heir authority, so let him not exceed the just limits in slaying; surely he shall be helped. (Al-Isra 17:33)

99-/6362 _15- شَرَفُ الدِّينِ النَّجَفِيُّ،قَالَ:رَوَى بَعْضُ الثِّقَاتِ،بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ مَنْ قُتِلَ مَظْلُوماً فَقَدْ جَعَلْنٰا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلْطٰاناً فَلاٰ يُسْرِفْ فِي الْقَتْلِ إِنَّهُ كٰانَ مَنْصُوراً .

قَالَ:«نَزَلَتْ فِي الْحُسَيْنِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،لَوْ قَتَلَ وَلِيُّهُ أَهْلَ الْأَرْضِ[بِهِ]مَا كَانَ مُسْرِفاً،وَ وَلِيُّهُ الْقَائِمُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)».

99-/6362 _15- Sharaf al-Dīn al-Najafī said: Some trustworthy [transmitters] narrated, with his chain from some of our companions, from Abū ‘Abd Allāh (peace be upon him). He said: I asked him about the saying of God, Mighty and Majestic: “And whoever is slain unjustly, We have indeed given to his heir authority; so let him not exceed the just limits in slaying; surely he shall be helped.”

He said: It was revealed about al-Husayn (peace be upon him). If his heir were to kill the people of the earth on his account, he would not be excessive; and his heir is the Qā’im (peace be upon him).

قوله تعالى:

وَ لاٰ تَقْرَبُوا مٰالَ الْيَتِيمِ إِلاّٰ بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ حَتّٰى يَبْلُغَ أَشُدَّهُ وَ أَوْفُوا بِالْعَهْدِ -إلى قوله تعالى- وَ أَوْفُوا الْكَيْلَ إِذٰا كِلْتُمْ وَ زِنُوا بِالْقِسْطٰاسِ الْمُسْتَقِيمِ [34-35]

The verse:

M. H. Shakir: And draw not near to the property of the orphan except in the best manner until he attains his maturity, and fulfill the promise; surely the promise shall be questioned about. And give full measure when you measure out, and weigh with a true balance; this is fair and better in the end. (Al-Isra 17:34-35)

99-/6363 _1- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «أَنَّ نَجْدَةَ الْحَرُورِيَّ كَتَبَ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ يَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ أَشْيَاءَ:عَنِ الْيَتِيمِ،مَتَى [2] يَنْقَطِعُ يُتْمُهُ؟فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ:أَمَّا الْيَتِيمُ،فَانْقِطَاعُ يُتْمِهِ إِذَا بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُ،وَ هُوَ الاِحْتِلاَمُ».

99-/6363 _1- Al-‘Ayyāshī: From ‘Abd Allāh b. Sinān, from Abū ‘Abd Allāh (peace be upon him): “Najdah al-Harūrī wrote to Ibn ‘Abbās asking him about certain matters: about the orphan—when does his orphanhood [2] end? Ibn ‘Abbās wrote back to him: As for the orphan, the end of his orphanhood is when he reaches his maturity, and that is puberty (iḥtilām).”

99-/6364 _2- وَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ،عَنْهُ قَالَ: «سُئِلَ أَبِي وَ أَنَا حَاضِرٌ عَنِ الْيَتِيمِ،مَتَى يَجُوزُ أَمْرُهُ؟فَقَالَ:حِينَ يَبْلُغُ أَشُدَّهُ.

قُلْتُ:وَ مَا أَشُدُّهُ؟قَالَ:اَلاِحْتِلاَمُ.

قُلْتُ:قَدْ يَكُونُ الْغُلاَمُ ابْنَ ثَمَانِيَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً لاَ يَحْتَلِمُ،أَوْ أَقَلَّ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ؟قَالَ:إِذَا بَلَغَ ثَلاَثَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً كُتِبَ لَهُ الْحَسَنُ وَ كُتِبَ عَلَيْهِ السَّيِّءُ،وَ جَازَ أَمْرُهُ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ سَفِيهاً أَوْ ضَعِيفاً».

99-/6364 _2- And in another narration from ‘Abd Allāh b. Sinān, from him, he said: “My father was asked, while I was present, about the orphan: when does his affair become valid [on his own]? He said: When he reaches his maturity.

I said: And what is his maturity? He said: Puberty (al-iḥtilām).

I said: It may be that a boy is eighteen years old and does not experience nocturnal emission, or less or more [than that]? He said: When he reaches thirteen years, good deeds are written for him and evil deeds are written against him, and his affairs are valid—except if he is imprudent (safīh) or weak.”

_15) -تأويل الآيات 1:10/280.

_15) -Ta’wīl al-Āyāt 1:10/280.

_1) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:70/291.

_1) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:70/291.

_2) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:71/291.

_2) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:71/291.

[1] في«س»و«ط»:عمل.

[1] fī “S” wa “T”: ‘amal.

[2] في«س»و«ط»:حتّى.

[2] fī “S” wa “T”: ḥattā.

99-/6365 _3- عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،قَالَ:قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «إِذَا بَلَغَ الْعَبْدُ ثَلاَثاً وَ ثَلاَثِينَ سَنَةً فَقَدْ بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُ،وَ إِذَا بَلَغَ أَرْبَعِينَ فَقَدْ انْتَهَى مُنْتَهَاهُ،فَإِذَا بَلَغَ إِحْدَى وَ أَرْبَعِينَ فَهُوَ فِي النُّقْصَانِ،وَ يَنْبَغِي لِصَاحِبِ الْخَمْسِينَ أَنْ يَكُونَ كَمَنْ هُوَ فِي النَّزْعِ».

99-/6365 _3- From Abū Basīr. He said: Abū ‘Abd Allāh (peace be upon him) said: “When a person reaches thirty-three years, he has reached his full strength; and when he reaches forty, he has reached his utmost limit; then when he reaches forty-one, he is in decline; and it befits the one of fifty to be as one who is in the throes [of death].”

99-/6366 _4- عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: «إِذَا بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُ:اَلاِحْتِلاَمُ،ثَلاَثَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً».

99-/6366 _4- From ‘Abd Allāh b. Sinān, from Abū ‘Abd Allāh (peace be upon him). He said: “‘When he reaches his maturity’ means puberty at thirteen years.”

99-/6367 _5- قال عليّ بن إبراهيم:قوله: وَ لاٰ تَقْرَبُوا مٰالَ الْيَتِيمِ إِلاّٰ بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ يعني:بالمعروف،و لا يسرف.قال:و قوله: وَ أَوْفُوا بِالْعَهْدِ يعني:إذا عاهدت إنسانا،فأوف له.قال:و قوله: إِنَّ الْعَهْدَ كٰانَ مَسْؤُلاً يعني:يوم القيامة. قال:و قوله: وَ أَوْفُوا الْكَيْلَ إِذٰا كِلْتُمْ وَ زِنُوا بِالْقِسْطٰاسِ الْمُسْتَقِيمِ أي بالاستواء [1].

99-/6367 _5- ‘Alī b. Ibrāhīm said regarding His saying: “And do not approach the property of the orphan except in the best manner” — that is, by what is customary and good, and do not be excessive. He said: And His saying: “And fulfill the covenant” — that is, if you make a covenant with someone, fulfill it for him. He said: And His saying: “Surely the covenant shall be questioned about” — that is, on the Day of Resurrection. He said: And His saying: “And give full measure when you measure out, and weigh with the straight balance” — meaning, with evenness [1].

99-/6368 _6- قَالَ:وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي الْجَارُودِ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: «الْقِسْطَاسُ الْمُسْتَقِيمُ فَهُوَ الْمِيزَانُ الَّذِي لَهُ لِسَانٌ».

99-/6368 _6- He said: And in the narration of Abū al-Jārūd, from Abū Ja‘far (peace be upon him), he said: “The straight qistās is the scale that has a tongue [indicator].”

قوله تعالى:

وَ لاٰ تَقْفُ مٰا لَيْسَ لَكَ بِهِ عِلْمٌ إِنَّ السَّمْعَ وَ الْبَصَرَ وَ الْفُؤٰادَ كُلُّ أُولٰئِكَ كٰانَ عَنْهُ مَسْؤُلاً [36]

The verse:

M. H. Shakir: And follow not that of which you have not the knowledge; surely the hearing and the sight and the heart, all of these shall be questioned about that. (Al-Isra 17:36)

99-/6369 _1- قال عليّ بن إبراهيم،في قوله تعالى: وَ لاٰ تَقْفُ مٰا لَيْسَ لَكَ بِهِ عِلْمٌ قال:لا ترم أحدا بما ليس لك به علم،

قَالَ:قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): «مَنْ بَهَتَ مُؤْمِناً أَوْ مُؤْمِنَةً أُقِيمَ فِي طِينَةِ خَبَالٍ،أَوْ يَخْرُجَ مِمَّا قَالَ».

99-/6369 _1- ‘Alī b. Ibrāhīm said, regarding His saying, “And do not pursue that of which you have no knowledge”: Do not accuse anyone of that about which you have no knowledge.

He said: The Messenger of God (may God bless him and his family) said: “Whoever slanders a believing man or a believing woman will be made to stand in the mire of khabāl, unless he retracts what he said.”

99-/6370 _2- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ،عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ،عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي يَعْفُورٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: «مَنْ بَهَتَ مُؤْمِناً أَوْ مُؤْمِنَةً بِمَا لَيْسَ فِيهِ بَعَثَهُ اللَّهُ فِي طِينَةِ خَبَالٍ حَتَّى يَخْرُجَ مِمَّا قَالَ».

قُلْتُ:وَ مَا طِينَةُ خَبَالٍ؟قَالَ:«صَدِيدٌ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ فُرُوجِ الْمُومِسَاتِ».

99-/6370 _2- Muhammad b. Ya‘qūb: From Muhammad b. Yahyā, from Ahmad b. Muhammad b. ‘Īsā, from al-Hasan b. Mahbūb, from Mālik b. ‘Aṭiyyah, from Ibn Abī Ya‘fūr, from Abū ‘Abd Allāh (peace be upon him). He said: “Whoever slanders a believing man or a believing woman with what is not in him/her, God will raise him in the mire of khabāl until he retracts what he said.”

I said: And what is the mire of khabāl? He said: “Pus that comes out from the private parts of prostitutes.”

_3) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:72/292.

_3) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:72/292.

_4) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:73/292.

_4) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:73/292.

_5) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:19.

_5) -Tafsīr al-Qummī 2:19.

_6) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:19.

_6) -Tafsīr al-Qummī 2:19.

_1) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:19.

_1) -Tafsīr al-Qummī 2:19.

_2) -الكافي 2:5/266.

_2) -al-Kāfī 2:5/266.

[1] في المصدر:بالسواء.

[1] fī al-maṣdar: bi-l-sawā’.