S 2 A 22

وَ(لَعَلَّ)مِنَ اللَّهِ وَاجِبٌ،لِأَنَّهُ أَكْرَمُ مِنْ أَنْ يُعَنِّيَ [1] عَبْدَهُ بِلاَ مَنْفَعَةٍ،وَ يُطْمِعَهُ فِي فَضْلِهِ ثُمَّ يُخَيِّبَهُ،أَ لاَ تَرَاهُ كَيْفَ قَبُحَ مِنْ عَبْدٍ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ،إِذَا قَالَ لِرَجُلٍ:اُخْدُمْنِي لَعَلَّكَ تَنْتَفِعُ بِي،وَ لَعَلِّي أَنْفَعُكَ بِهَا؛فَيَخْدُمُهُ،ثُمَّ يُخَيِّبُهُ وَ لاَ يَنْفَعُهُ، فَاللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَكْرَمُ فِي أَفْعَالِهِ،وَ أَبْعَدُ مِنَ الْقَبِيحِ فِي أَعْمَالِهِ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ».

And “perhaps” (la‘alla) from Allah is obligatory, for He is too Generous to burden [1] His servant without benefit, or to entice him with His bounty and then disappoint him. Do you not see how ugly it is from a servant among His servants if he says to a man, “Serve me; perhaps you will benefit from me, and perhaps I will benefit you by it,” so he serves him, then he disappoints him and does not benefit him? Allah, Mighty and Majestic, is more noble in His actions and further removed from anything ugly in His works than His servants.

قوله تعالى:

اَلَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ الْأَرْضَ فِرٰاشاً وَ السَّمٰاءَ بِنٰاءً وَ أَنْزَلَ مِنَ السَّمٰاءِ مٰاءً فَأَخْرَجَ بِهِ مِنَ الثَّمَرٰاتِ رِزْقاً لَكُمْ فَلاٰ تَجْعَلُوا لِلّٰهِ أَنْدٰاداً وَ أَنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ[22]

Quran 2:22 (M. H. Shakir): Who made the earth a resting place for you and the heaven a canopy and (Who) sends down rain from the cloud; then brings forth with it subsistence for you of the fruits; therefore do not set up rivals to Allah while you know.

99-/352 ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ الْمُفَسِّرُ(رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ)،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي يُوسُفُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ،وَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَيَّارٍ،عَنْ أَبَوَيْهِمَا،عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُوسَى الرِّضَا،عَنْ أَبِيهِ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: اَلَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ الْأَرْضَ فِرٰاشاً وَ السَّمٰاءَ بِنٰاءً . قَالَ:«جَعَلَهَا مُلاَئِمَةً لِطَبَائِعِكُمْ،مُوَافِقَةً لِأَجْسَادِكُمْ،وَ لَمْ يَجْعَلْهَا شَدِيدَةَ الْحَمْيِ وَ الْحَرَارَةِ فَتُحْرِقَكُمْ،وَ لاَ شَدِيدَةَ الْبُرُودَةِ فَتُجْمِدَكُمْ،وَ لاَ شَدِيدَةَ الرِّيحِ فَتُصَدِّعَ هَامَاتِكُمْ،وَ لاَ شَدِيدَةَ النَّتْنِ فَتُعْطِبَكُمْ [2]،وَ لاَ شَدِيدَةَ اللِّينِ كَالْمَاءِ فَتُغْرِقَكُمْ،وَ لاَ شَدِيدَةَ الصَّلاَبَةِ فَتَمْتَنِعَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي دُورِكُمْ،وَ أَبْنِيَتِكُمْ،وَ قُبُورِ مَوْتَاكُمْ.وَ لَكِنَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ جَعَلَ فِيهَا مِنَ الْمَتَانَةِ مَا تَنْتَفِعُونَ بِهِ،وَ تَتَمَاسَكُونَ،وَ تَتَمَاسَكُ عَلَيْهَا أَبْدَانُكُمْ وَ بُنْيَانُكُمْ،وَ جَعَلَ فِيهَا مَا تَنْقَادُ بِهِ لِدُورِكُمْ، وَ قُبُورِكُمْ،وَ كَثِيرٍ مِنْ مَنَافِعِكُمْ،فَلِذَلِكَ جَعَلَ الْأَرْضَ فِرَاشاً لَكُمْ. ثُمَّ قَالَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ السَّمٰاءَ بِنٰاءً أَيْ سَقْفاً مَحْفُوظاً،يُدِيرُ فِيهَا شَمْسَهَا وَ قَمَرَهَا،وَ نُجُومَهَا لِمَنَافِعِكُمْ. ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى: وَ أَنْزَلَ مِنَ السَّمٰاءِ مٰاءً يَعْنِي الْمَطَرَ،[نَزَّلَهُ]مِنْ أَعْلَى لِيَبْلُغَ قُلَلَ جِبَالِكُمْ،وَ تِلاَلِكُمْ، وَ هِضَابِكُمْ وَ أَوْهَادِكُمْ [3]،ثُمَّ فَرَّقَهُ رَذَاذاً [4]،وَ وَابِلاً [5]،وَ هَطْلاً [6] لِتَنْشَفَهُ [7] أَرَضُوكُمْ،وَ لَمْ يَجْعَلْ ذَلِكَ الْمَطَرَ نَازِلاً عَلَيْكُمْ قِطْعَةً وَاحِدَةً،فَيُفْسِدَ أَرَضِيكُمْ،وَ أَشْجَارَكُمْ،وَ زُرُوعَكُمْ،وَ ثِمَارَكُمْ. ثُمَّ قَالَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: فَأَخْرَجَ بِهِ مِنَ الثَّمَرٰاتِ رِزْقاً لَكُمْ يَعْنِي مِمَّا يُخْرِجُهُ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ لَكُمْ فَلاٰ تَجْعَلُوا لِلّٰهِ أَنْدٰاداً أَيْ أَشْبَاهاً وَ أَمْثَالاً مِنَ الْأَصْنَامِ الَّتِي لاَ تَعْقِلُ،وَ لاَ تَسْمَعُ،وَ لاَ تُبْصِرُ،وَ لاَ تَقْدِرُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ وَ أَنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّهَا لاَ تَقْدِرُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ النِّعَمِ الْجَلِيلَةِ الَّتِي أَنْعَمَهَا عَلَيْكُمْ رَبُّكُمْ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى».

99-/352 : Ibn Bābawayh said: Muhammad ibn al-Qāsim the Exegete (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated to us, he said: Yūsuf ibn Muhammad ibn Ziyād and ‘Alī ibn Muhammad ibn Sayyār narrated to me, from their two fathers, from al-Hasan ibn ‘Alī, from his father ‘Alī ibn Muhammad, from his father Muhammad ibn ‘Alī, from his father ‘Alī ibn Mūsā al-Riḍā, from his father Mūsā ibn Ja‘far, from his father Ja‘far ibn Muhammad, from his father Muhammad ibn ‘Alī, from his father ‘Alī ibn al-Ḥusayn (peace be upon them), regarding the saying of Allah Most High: Who made the earth for you a resting place and the sky a structure. He said: “He made it suitable to your temperaments and agreeable to your bodies. He did not make it of intense heat and burning so that it would scorch you, nor of extreme cold so that it would freeze you, nor of vehement wind so that it would crack your skulls, nor of foul stench so that it would destroy you [2], nor excessively soft like water so that it would drown you, nor excessively hard so that your houses, your buildings, and the graves of your dead would be impossible upon it. Rather, Mighty and Majestic, He placed in it firmness from which you benefit and by which you hold together, and upon which your bodies and your buildings hold together. And He placed in it what enables it to yield to your houses, your graves, and many of your benefits; therefore He made the earth a resting place for you. Then He, Mighty and Majestic, said: and the sky a structure, that is, a protected canopy, within which He makes its sun, its moon, and its stars revolve for your benefits. Then He, Exalted, said: and He sent down water from the sky, meaning the rain, [He sent it down] from on high so that it reaches the tops of your mountains, your hills, your ridges and your lowlands [3]. Then He distributed it as drizzle [4], heavy showers [5], and pouring rain [6], so that your lands may absorb [7] it. And He did not make that rain descend upon you as one single mass, which would ruin your lands, your trees, your crops, and your fruits. Then He, Mighty and Majestic, said: and He brings forth with it fruits as a provision for you, meaning from what He brings forth from the earth for you. So do not set up for Allah equals, that is, similitudes and likenesses from idols which do not reason, do not hear, do not see, and are not able for anything—while you know that they are not able for anything of these magnificent blessings with which your Lord, Blessed and Exalted, has favored you.”

_1) -التّوحيد:11/403.

_1) -al-Tawḥīd: 11/403.

[1] العناء:التعب و النصب.«مجمع البحرين-عنا-1:308.»

[1] al-‘anā’: al-ta‘ab wa al-naṣb. “Majma‘ al-Baḥrayn – ‘anā – 1:308.”

[2] العطب:الهلاك،و أعطبه:أهلكه.«الصحاح-عطب-1:184».

[2] al-‘aṭab: al-halak; wa a‘ṭabahu: ahlakahu. “al-Ṣiḥāḥ – ‘aṭab – 1:184.”

[3] الوهدة:المكان المطمئنّ.«الصحاح-وهد-2:554».

[3] al-wahdah: al-makān al-muṭma’inn. “al-Ṣiḥāḥ – wahd – 2:554.”

[4] الرّذاذ:المطر الضعيف.«الصحاح-رذذ-2:565».

[4] al-radhādh: al-maṭar al-ḍa‘īf. “al-Ṣiḥāḥ – radhadh – 2:565.”

[5] الوابل:المطر الشديد.«الصحاح-وبل-5:1840».

[5] al-wābil: al-maṭar al-shadīd. “al-Ṣiḥāḥ – wabl – 5:1840.”

[6] الهطل:تتابع المطر.«الصحاح-هطل-5:1850».

[6] al-haṭl: tatābu‘ al-maṭar. “al-Ṣiḥāḥ – haṭl – 5:1850.”

[7] نشف الحوض الماء:شربه،و تنشّفه كذلك.«الصحاح-نشف-4:1432».

[7] nashafa al-ḥawḍu al-mā’: sharibahu; wa tanashshafahu ka-dhālik. “al-Ṣiḥāḥ – nashaf – 4:1432.”

قوله تعالى:

وَ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ فِي رَيْبٍ مِمّٰا نَزَّلْنٰا عَلىٰ عَبْدِنٰا فَأْتُوا بِسُورَةٍ مِنْ مِثْلِهِ وَ ادْعُوا شُهَدٰاءَكُمْ مِنْ دُونِ اللّٰهِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صٰادِقِينَ[23] فَإِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلُوا وَ لَنْ تَفْعَلُوا فَاتَّقُوا النّٰارَ الَّتِي وَقُودُهَا النّٰاسُ وَ الْحِجٰارَةُ أُعِدَّتْ لِلْكٰافِرِينَ[24] وَ بَشِّرِ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَ عَمِلُوا الصّٰالِحٰاتِ أَنَّ لَهُمْ جَنّٰاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهٰارُ كُلَّمٰا رُزِقُوا مِنْهٰا مِنْ ثَمَرَةٍ رِزْقاً قٰالُوا هٰذَا الَّذِي رُزِقْنٰا مِنْ قَبْلُ وَ أُتُوا بِهِ مُتَشٰابِهاً وَ لَهُمْ فِيهٰا أَزْوٰاجٌ مُطَهَّرَةٌ وَ هُمْ فِيهٰا خٰالِدُونَ[25]

Quran 2:23 (M. H. Shakir): And if you are in doubt as to that which We have revealed to Our servant, then produce a chapter like it and call on your witnesses besides Allah if you are truthful. Quran 2:24 (M. H. Shakir): But if you do it not—and never shall you do it—then be on your guard against the fire of which men and stones are the fuel; it is prepared for the unbelievers. Quran 2:25 (M. H. Shakir): And convey good news to those who believe and do good deeds, that they shall have gardens beneath which rivers flow; whenever they shall be given a portion thereof of the fruit, they shall say: This is what was given to us before; and they shall be given the like of it; and they shall have pure mates in them, and in them they shall abide.

99-/353 قَالَ الْعَالِمُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «فَلَمَّا ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ الْأَمْثَالَ لِلْكَافِرِينَ الْمُجَاهِرِينَ [1]،الدَّافِعِينَ لِنُبُوَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،وَ النَّاصِبِينَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،الدَّافِعِينَ لِمَا قَالَهُ مُحَمَّدٌ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)فِي أَخِيهِ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،وَ الدَّافِعِينَ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَا قَالَهُ عَنِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى،وَ هِيَ آيَاتُ مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)وَ مُعْجِزَاتُهُ لِمُحَمَّدٍ، مُضَافَةً إِلَى آيَاتِهِ الَّتِي بَيَّنَهَا لِعَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)فِي مَكَّةَ وَ الْمَدِينَةِ،وَ لَمْ يَزْدَادُوا إِلاَّ عُتُوّاً وَ طُغْيَاناً. قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: وَ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ فِي رَيْبٍ مِمّٰا نَزَّلْنٰا عَلىٰ عَبْدِنٰا حَتَّى تَجْحَدُوا أَنْ يَكُونَ مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ،وَ أَنْ يَكُونَ هَذَا الْمُنَزَّلُ عَلَيْهِ كَلاَمِي،مَعَ إِظْهَارِي عَلَيْهِ بِمَكَّةَ الْآيَاتِ الْبَاهِرَاتِ،كَالْغَمَامَةِ الَّتِي يُتَظَلَّلُ بِهَا فِي أَسْفَارِهِ، وَ الْجَمَادَاتِ الَّتِي كَانَتْ تُسَلِّمُ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْجِبَالِ،وَ الصُّخُورِ،وَ الْأَحْجَارِ،وَ الْأَشْجَارِ،وَ كَدِفَاعِهِ قَاصِدِيهِ بِالْقَتْلِ عَنْهُ، وَ قَتْلِهِ إِيَّاهُمْ،وَ كَالشَّجَرَتَيْنِ الْمُتَبَاعِدَتَيْنِ اللَّتَيْنِ تَلاَصَقَتَا فَقَعَدَ خَلْفَهُمَا لِحَاجَتِهِ،ثُمَّ تَرَاجَعَتَا إِلَى مَكَانَيْهِمَا كَمَا كَانَتَا، وَ كَدُعَائِهِ الشَّجَرَةَ فَجَاءَتْهُ مُجِيبَةً خَاضِعَةً ذَلِيلَةً،ثُمَّ أَمْرِهِ لَهَا بِالرُّجُوعِ فَرَجَعَتْ سَامِعَةً مُطِيعَةً.

99-/353 Translation: The ‘Ālim (peace be upon him) said: “When Allah struck parables for the defiant unbelievers [1]—those who rejected the prophethood of Muhammad (may Allah bless him and his family), and the hypocritical haters toward the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family), those who repudiated what Muhammad (may Allah bless him and his family) said concerning his brother ‘Alī (peace be upon him), and who denied that what he said was from Allah Most High, though they are the signs of Muhammad (may Allah bless him and his family) and his miracles for Muhammad—together with the signs which He made clear for ‘Alī (peace be upon him) in Mecca and Medina—and they only increased in arrogance and transgression. Allah Most High said: And if you are in doubt as to what We have sent down to Our servant, to the point that you deny that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah and that what has been sent down to him is My speech, despite My manifesting for him in Mecca the dazzling signs: such as the cloud that shaded him on his journeys; and the inanimate things that used to greet him from the mountains, rocks, stones, and trees; and like His repelling from him those who intended to kill him, and his killing them; and like the two distant trees that drew together so he sat behind them for his need, then they returned to their places as they had been; and like his calling the tree, so it came to him responsive, humble, submissive, then his commanding it to return, and it returned, hearing and obedient.”

_1) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السّلام):76/151.

_1) -al-Tafsīr al-mansūb ilā al-Imām al-‘Askarī (alayhi al-salām): 76/151.

[1] جاهره بالعداوة:بادأه بها،و جاهره بالأمر:عالنه به.«المعجم الوسيط-جهر-1:142».

[1] jāharahu bil-‘adāwah: bāda’ahu bihā; wa jāharahu bil-amr: ‘ālanahu bihi. “al-Mu‘jam al-Wasīṭ – jahr – 1:142.”