S 2 A 105

رَاعِنَا،وَ لاَ يُمْكِنُهُمْ أَنْ يَتَوَصَّلُوا بِهَا إِلَى الشَّتْمِ،كَمَا يُمْكِنُهُمْ بِقَوْلِكُمْ [1]:رَاعِنَا. وَ اسْمَعُوا إِذَا قَالَ لَكُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)قَوْلاً،وَ أَطِيعُوا.

وَ لِلْكٰافِرِينَ يَعْنِي الْيَهُودَ الشَّاتِمِينَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) عَذٰابٌ أَلِيمٌ وَجِيعٌ فِي الدُّنْيَا إِنْ عَادُوا لِشَتْمِهِمْ،وَ فِي الْآخِرَةِ بِالْخُلُودِ فِي النَّارِ».

Listen, and when the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) speaks a word to you, obey. And say: “Unzurna” (look upon us), in such a way that they cannot use it to reach insult as they can with your saying [1]: “Ra‘ina.” And as for the disbelievers—meaning the Jews who insult the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family)—there is a painful, grievous punishment for them in this world if they return to their insults, and in the Hereafter by abiding in the Fire.

قوله تعالى:

مٰا يَوَدُّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتٰابِ وَ لاَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ أَنْ يُنَزَّلَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنْ خَيْرٍ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَ اللّٰهُ يَخْتَصُّ بِرَحْمَتِهِ مَنْ يَشٰاءُ وَ اللّٰهُ ذُو الْفَضْلِ الْعَظِيمِ[105]

Qur’an 2:105 — M. H. Shakir:

Neither those who disbelieve from among the followers of the Book nor the polytheists like that there should be sent down to you any good from your Lord; and Allah chooses especially whom He pleases for His mercy; and Allah is the Lord of mighty grace.

99-/573 _1- قَالَ الْإِمَامُ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُوسَى الرِّضَا(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى ذَمَّ الْيَهُودَ [وَ النَّصَارَى]وَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَ النَّوَاصِبَ فَقَالَ: مٰا يَوَدُّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتٰابِ الْيَهُودُ وَ النَّصَارَى وَ لاَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَ لاَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ الَّذِينَ هُمْ نَوَاصِبُ،يَغْتَاظُونَ لِذِكْرِ اللَّهِ وَ ذِكْرِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ فَضَائِلِ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)، وَ إِبَانَتِهِ عَنْ شَرِيفِ فَضْلِهِ وَ مَحَلِّهِ أَنْ يُنَزَّلَ عَلَيْكُمْ لاَ يَوَدُّونَ أَنْ يُنَزَّلَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنْ خَيْرٍ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ مِنَ الْآيَاتِ الزَّائِدَاتِ فِي شَرَفِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيٍّ وَ آلِهِمَا الطَّيِّبِينَ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)،وَ لاَ يَوَدُّونَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ دَلِيلٌ مُعْجِزٌ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ يُبَيِّنُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيٍّ وَ آلِهِمَا.

فَهُمْ لِأَجْلِ ذَلِكَ يَمْنَعُونَ أَهْلَ دِينِهِمْ مِنْ أَنْ يُحَاجُّوكَ،مَخَافَةَ أَنْ تَبْهَرَهُمْ حُجَّتُكَ،وَ تُفْحِمَهُمْ مُعْجِزَتُكَ، فَيُؤْمِنَ بِكَ عَوَامُّهُمْ،أَوْ يَضْطَرِبُونَ عَلَى رُؤَسَائِهِمْ،فَلِذَلِكَ يَصُدُّونَ مَنْ يُرِيدُ لِقَاءَكَ-يَا مُحَمَّدُ-لِيَعْرِفَ أَمْرَكَ،بِأَنَّهُ لَطِيفٌ خَلاَّقٌ سَاحِرُ اللِّسَانِ،لاَ تَرَاهُ وَ لاَ يَرَاكَ خَيْرٌ لَكَ،وَ أَسْلَمُ لِدِينِكَ وَ دُنْيَاكَ،فَهُمْ بِمِثْلِ هَذَا يَصُدُّونَ الْعَوَامَّ عَنْكَ.

ثُمَّ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ اللّٰهُ يَخْتَصُّ بِرَحْمَتِهِ وَ تَوْفِيقِهِ لِدِينِ الْإِسْلاَمِ،وَ مُوَالاَةِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ) مَنْ يَشٰاءُ وَ اللّٰهُ ذُو الْفَضْلِ الْعَظِيمِ عَلَى مَنْ يُوَفِّقُهُ لِدِينِهِ،وَ يَهْدِيهِ لِمُوَالاَتِكَ وَ مُوَالاَةِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)».

قَالَ:«فَلَمَّا قَرَّعَهُمْ [2] بِهَذَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،حَضَرَهُ مِنْهُمْ جَمَاعَةٌ فَعَانَدُوهُ،وَ قَالُوا:يَا مُحَمَّدُ،إِنَّكَ تَدَّعِي عَلَى قُلُوبِنَا خِلاَفَ مَا فِيهَا،مَا نَكْرَهُ أَنْ تَنْزِلَ عَلَيْكَ حُجَّةٌ تُلْزِمُ الاِنْقِيَادَ لَهَا فَنَنْقَادَ.

فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):لَئِنْ عَانَدْتُمْ هَاهُنَا مُحَمَّداً،فَسَتُعَانِدُونَ رَبَّ الْعَالَمِينَ إِذَا [1] أَنْطَقَ صَحَائِفَكُمْ بِأَعْمَالِكُمْ،وَ تَقُولُونَ:ظَلَمَتْنَا الْحَفَظَةُ،فَكَتَبُوا عَلَيْنَا مَا لَمْ نَفْعَلْ،فَعِنْدَ ذَلِكَ يَسْتَشْهِدُ جَوَارِحَكُمْ،فَتَشْهَدُ عَلَيْكُمْ.

فَقَالُوا:لاَ تُبْعِدْ شَاهِدَكَ،فَإِنَّهُ فِعْلُ الْكَذَّابِينَ،بَيْنَنَا وَ بَيْنَ الْقِيَامَةِ بُعْدٌ،أَرِنَا فِي أَنْفُسِنَا مَا تَدَّعِي لِنَعْلَمَ صِدْقَكَ، وَ لَنْ تَفْعَلَهُ لِأَنَّكَ مِنَ الْكَذَّابِينَ.

فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)لِعَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):اِسْتَشْهِدْ جَوَارِحَهُمْ.فَاسْتَشْهَدَهَا عَلِيٌّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)فَشَهِدَتْ كُلُّهَا عَلَيْهِمْ أَنَّهُمْ لاَ يَوَدُّونَ أَنْ يُنْزَلَ عَلَى أُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَلَى لِسَانِ مُحَمَّدٍ خَيْرٌ مِنْ عِنْدِ رَبِّكُمْ آيَةٌ بَيِّنَةٌ،وَ حُجَّةٌ مُعْجِزَةُ لِنُبُوَّتِهِ، وَ إِمَامَةِ أَخِيهِ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،مَخَافَةَ أَنْ تَبْهَرَهُمْ حُجَّتُهُ،وَ يُؤْمِنُ بِهِ عَوَامُّهُمْ،وَ يَضْطَرِبُ عَلَيْهِمْ كَثِيرٌ مِنْهُمْ.

فَقَالُوا:يَا مُحَمَّدُ،لَسْنَا نَسْمَعُ هَذِهِ الشَّهَادَةَ الَّتِي تَدَّعِي أَنَّ جَوَارِحَنَا تَشْهَدُ بِهَا.

فَقَالَ:يَا عَلِيُّ،هَؤُلاَءِ مِنَ الَّذِينَ قَالَ اللَّهُ: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ حَقَّتْ عَلَيْهِمْ كَلِمَتُ رَبِّكَ لاٰ يُؤْمِنُونَ* وَ لَوْ جٰاءَتْهُمْ كُلُّ آيَةٍ [2]ادْعُ عَلَيْهِمْ بِالْهَلاَكِ،فَدَعَا عَلَيْهِمْ عَلِيٌّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)بِالْهَلاَكِ،فَكُلُّ جَارِحَةٍ نَطَقَتْ بِالشَّهَادَةِ عَلَى صَاحِبِهَا انْفَتَقَتْ [3] حَتَّى مَاتَ مَكَانَهُ.

فَقَالَ قَوْمٌ آخَرُونَ حَضَرُوا مِنَ الْيَهُودِ:مَا أَقْسَاكَ-يَا مُحَمَّدُ-قَتَلْتَهُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ! فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):مَا كُنْتُ لَأَلِينَ عَلَى مَنِ اشْتَدَّ عَلَيْهِ غَضَبُ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى،أَمَا إِنَّهُمْ لَوْ سَأَلُوا اللَّهَ تَعَالَى بِمُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيٍّ وَ آلِهِمَا الطَّيِّبِينَ أَنْ يُمْهِلَهُمْ وَ يُقِيلَهُمْ لَفَعَلَ بِهِمْ،كَمَا كَانَ فَعَلَ بِمَنْ كَانَ مِنْ قَبْلُ مِنْ عَبَدَةِ الْعِجْلِ لَمَّا سَأَلُوا اللَّهَ بِمُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيٍّ وَ آلِهِمَا الطَّيِّبِينَ،وَ قَالَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ عَلَى لِسَانِ مُوسَى:لَوْ كَانَ دَعَا بِذَلِكَ عَلَى مَنْ قَدْ قَتَلَ لَأَعْفَاهُ اللَّهُ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ كَرَامَةً لِمُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيٍّ وَ آلِهِمَا الطَّيِّبِينَ».

99-/573 _1- Imam al-‘Askari (peace be upon him) said: “Ali ibn Musa al-Rida (peace be upon him) said: Surely Allah, the Exalted, reproached the Jews [and the Christians], the polytheists, and the Nawasib, and He said: Neither those who disbelieve from among the People of the Book—the Jews and the Christians—nor the polytheists, nor from among the polytheists those who are Nawasib, who rage at the mention of Allah and the mention of Muhammad and the virtues of Ali (peace be upon them), and at the clarification of his noble merit and station, like that there should be sent down upon you—they do not like that there should be sent down upon you—from good from your Lord, of verses that increase the honor of Muhammad and Ali and their pure progeny (peace be upon them), nor do they like that a miraculous proof should descend from heaven that clarifies about Muhammad and Ali and their progeny.

For that reason they prevent the people of their religion from disputing with you, fearing that your proof will dazzle them and your miracle will silence them, so that their commoners would believe in you, or they would become agitated against their leaders. Therefore they turn away those who want to meet you—O Muhammad—to come to know your affair, saying: ‘He is subtle, a fabricator, a sorcerer of tongue; it is better for you neither to see him nor to let him see you; that is safer for your religion and your worldly affairs.’ With such words they bar the common folk from you.

Then Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: And Allah singles out for His mercy and His enabling grace for the religion of Islam and the loyalty to Muhammad and Ali (peace be upon them) whom He wills; and Allah is the Lord of tremendous bounty toward the one He grants success to His religion and guides to loyalty to you and to the loyalty of Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him).”

He said: “When the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) rebuked them [2] with this, a group of them came to him and stubbornly opposed him, and they said: ‘O Muhammad, you allege about our hearts other than what is in them. We do not dislike that a proof be sent down to you that obliges submission to it so that we submit.’

The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) said: ‘If you are stubborn here with Muhammad, you will indeed be stubborn with the Lord of the worlds when [1] He makes your scrolls speak with your deeds, and you will say: “The recording angels wronged us; they wrote against us what we did not do.” Then your bodily members will be called as witnesses, and they will testify against you.’

They said: ‘Do not bring a distant witness; that is the act of liars. There is a long time between us and the Resurrection. Show us in ourselves what you claim, so that we may know your truthfulness—and you will not do it, for you are among the liars.’

So the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) said to Ali (peace be upon him): ‘Call their bodily members to witness.’ Ali (peace be upon him) called them to witness, and all of them testified against their owners that they do not like that there be sent down upon the Ummah of Muhammad, on the tongue of Muhammad, any good from your Lord—a clear sign and a miraculous proof for his prophethood and the Imamate of his brother Ali (peace be upon him)—for fear that his proof would overwhelm them, and their commoners would believe in him, and many of them would be thrown into turmoil.

They said: ‘O Muhammad, we do not hear this testimony that you claim our bodily members are giving.’

He said: ‘O Ali, these are among those of whom Allah said: Surely those against whom the word of your Lord has proved true will not believe—Though every sign should come to them (Qur’an 10:96–97, M. H. Shakir). [Then he said:] Invoke destruction against them.’ So Ali (peace be upon him) invoked destruction against them, and every limb that had spoken with testimony against its owner split open [3] until he died on the spot.

Another group of Jews who were present said: ‘How harsh you are, O Muhammad—you have killed them all!’ The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) said: ‘I would not be lenient toward those upon whom the wrath of Allah, Exalted is He, has intensified. Indeed, had they asked Allah, Exalted is He, by Muhammad and Ali and their pure progeny to grant them respite and to pardon them, He would have done so with them, just as He did with those before—among the worshipers of the calf—when they asked Allah by Muhammad and Ali and their pure progeny; and Allah said to them on the tongue of Moses: Had he supplicated by that on behalf of one who had [already] killed, Allah would have exempted him from being killed, as an honor to Muhammad and Ali and their pure progeny.’”

_1) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السّلام):310/488.

-al-Tafsir al-mansub ila al-Imam al-‘Askari (alayhi al-salam): 310/488.

[1] في المصدر:بقولهم.

-fi al-masdar: bi-qawlihim.

[2] قرّعت الرجل:إذا وبخته و عذلته.«لسان العرب-قرع-8:266».

-Qarra‘ta al-rajul: idha wabbahtahu wa ‘adaltahu. “Lisan al-‘Arab — Qara‘ — 8:266”.

99-/573 _1- فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):لَئِنْ عَانَدْتُمْ هَاهُنَا مُحَمَّداً،فَسَتُعَانِدُونَ رَبَّ الْعَالَمِينَ إِذَا [1] أَنْطَقَ صَحَائِفَكُمْ بِأَعْمَالِكُمْ،وَ تَقُولُونَ:ظَلَمَتْنَا الْحَفَظَةُ،فَكَتَبُوا عَلَيْنَا مَا لَمْ نَفْعَلْ،فَعِنْدَ ذَلِكَ يَسْتَشْهِدُ جَوَارِحَكُمْ،فَتَشْهَدُ عَلَيْكُمْ.

99-/573 _1- The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) said: “If you are stubborn here with Muhammad, you will be stubborn with the Lord of the worlds when [1] He makes your scrolls speak with your deeds, and you will say, ‘The recording angels have wronged us; they wrote against us what we did not do.’ Then He will call your limbs to witness, and they will testify against you.” They said: “Do not bring a distant witness—that is what liars do. There is a long span between us and the Resurrection. Show us in our own selves what you claim, so that we may know you are truthful—and you will not do it, for you are among the liars.” The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) said to Ali (peace be upon him): “Call their limbs to witness.” So Ali (peace be upon him) called them, and all their limbs testified against them that they do not like that any good be sent down upon the community of Muhammad, upon the tongue of Muhammad, from your Lord—a clear sign and a miraculous proof for his prophethood and for the Imamate of his brother Ali (peace be upon him)—for fear that his proof would overwhelm them, their commoners would believe in him, and many of them would be thrown into turmoil. They said: “O Muhammad, we do not hear this testimony you claim our limbs are giving.” He said: “O Ali, these are among those of whom Allah said: Surely those against whom the word of your Lord has proved true will not believe—Though every sign should come to them (Qur’an 10:96–97, M. H. Shakir). Invoke destruction upon them.” So Ali (peace be upon him) invoked destruction upon them, and every limb that had spoken with testimony against its owner split open [3] until he died on the spot. Another group of Jews present said: “How harsh you are, O Muhammad—you killed them all!” The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) said: “I would not be lenient toward one upon whom Allah’s wrath has intensified. Indeed, had they asked Allah, Exalted is He, by Muhammad and Ali and their pure progeny to grant them respite and to restore them, He would have done so for them—just as He did for those before among the worshipers of the calf when they asked Allah by Muhammad and Ali and their pure progeny; and Allah said to them on the tongue of Moses: Had he supplicated by that on behalf of one who had already killed, Allah would have exempted him from being killed, as an honor for Muhammad and Ali and their pure progeny.”

[1] في المصدر: إذ.

-fi al-masdar: idh.

[2] يونس 10:96 و 97.

-Yunus 10:96 wa 97.

[3] في المصدر:انفتّت.

-fi al-masdar: infattat.

99-/574 _2- الْحَسَنُ بْنُ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الدَّيْلَمِيُّ:عَمَّنْ رَوَاهُ،بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ،عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ،عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا،عَنْ أَبِيهِ مُوسَى،عَنْ أَبِيهِ جَعْفَرِ(صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ أَجْمَعِينَ) ،فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: يَخْتَصُّ بِرَحْمَتِهِ مَنْ يَشٰاءُ .

قَالَ:«الْمُخْتَصُّونَ [4] بِالرَّحْمَةِ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ وَ وَصِيُّهُ وَ عِتْرَتُهُمَا،إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى خَلَقَ مِائَةَ رَحْمَةٍ،فَتِسْعٌ وَ تِسْعُونَ رَحْمَةً عِنْدَهُ مَذْخُورَةٌ لِمُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيٍّ وَ عِتْرَتِهِمَا،وَ رَحْمَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ مَبْسُوطَةٌ عَلَى سَائِرِ الْمَوْجُودِينَ».

99-/574 _2- Al-Hasan ibn Abi al-Hasan al-Daylami, from someone who narrated it, with his chain from Abu Salih, from Hammad ibn ‘Uthman, from Abu al-Hasan al-Rida, from his father Musa, from his father Ja‘far (may Allah’s blessings be upon them all), regarding His saying, Exalted is He: He chooses especially for His mercy whom He pleases. He said: “Those singled out [4] for mercy are Allah’s Prophet, his legatee, and their progeny. Indeed, Allah, Exalted is He, created one hundred mercies: ninety-nine mercies are with Him stored up for Muhammad and Ali and their progeny, and one mercy is outspread over all other existents.”

_2) -تأويل الآيات 1:55/77.

-Ta’wil al-Ayat 1:55/77.

[4] في المصدر:المختص.

-fi al-masdar: al-mukhtas.

قوله تعالى:

مٰا نَنْسَخْ مِنْ آيَةٍ أَوْ نُنْسِهٰا نَأْتِ بِخَيْرٍ مِنْهٰا أَوْ مِثْلِهٰا أَ لَمْ تَعْلَمْ أَنَّ اللّٰهَ عَلىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ[106]

Qur’an 2:106 — M. H. Shakir:

Whatever communications We abrogate or cause to be forgotten, We bring one better than it or like it. Do you not know that Allah has power over all things?