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قال: جاءتْنا رُسُلُك أن تُقيموا الصلاة، وتؤتوا الزكاة، وتحجّوا البيت، وتغتسلوا من الجنابة، وبعثني قومي إليك [رائداً] أَبغي أن أستحلفك، وأخشى أن تغضب.

He said: Your messengers came to us, saying that you should establish prayer, give alms, make the pilgrimage to the House, and perform the ritual bath after major impurity; and my people sent me to you as a scout, seeking to have you swear, and I fear that you might become angry.

قال: لا أغضب، إني أنا الذي سمّاني الله في التوراة والإنجيل محمّداً رسولَ الله، المجتَبى المصطفى، ليس بفحّاش ولا سخّاب في الأسواق، ولا يتبع السيئة السيئة، ولكن يتبع السيئة الحسنة، فسلني عمّا شئتَ، وأنا الذي سمّاني الله في القرآن: ولو كنت فظّاً غليظَ القلب لانفضّوا من حولك، فاسألْ عمّا شئت.

He said: I will not become angry. I am he whom God named in the Torah and the Gospel “Muhammad, the Messenger of God,” the elect, the chosen; not foul-mouthed, nor a loud shouter in the markets, nor one who follows an evil deed with another evil deed, but rather follows an evil deed with a good one. So ask me whatever you wish. And I am he whom God named in the Qur’an: “And had you been rough, hard-hearted, they would certainly have dispersed from around you.” So ask whatever you wish.

قال: إنّ الله الذي رفع السماوات بغير عمد هو أرسلك؟

قال: نعم، هو أرسلني.

He said: Is it God who raised the heavens without pillars that sent you? He said: Yes, He sent me.

قال: بالله الذي قامت السماوات بأمره هو الذي أنزل عليك الكتاب، وأرسلك بالصلاة المفروضة والزكاة المعقولة؟

قال: نعم.

He said: By God, by whose command the heavens stand—was it He who sent down to you the Book and sent you with the prescribed prayer and the duly understood alms? He said: Yes.

قال: وهو أمرك بالاغتسال من الجنابة، وبالحدود كلها؟

قال: نعم.

He said: And did He command you to perform the bath after major impurity and with all the legal penalties? He said: Yes.

قال: فإنّا آمنّا بالله، ورُسله، وكتابه، واليوم الآخر، والبعث، والميزان، والموقف، والحلال، والحرام، صغيرِه وكبيرِه.

قال: فاستغفر له النبيّ (صلى الله عليه وآله) ودعا له.

He said: Then we have believed in God, His messengers, His Book, the Last Day, the resurrection, the Balance, the Gathering Place, and the lawful and the unlawful, its lesser and its greater. He said: So the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) sought forgiveness for him and prayed for him.

[1] السَّخَب: الصياح.

[1] as-sakhab: aṣ-ṣiyāḥ.

99-/1970 _5- أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ مهزيارَ، قال: كتبَ إليَّ أبو جعفرٍ (عليه السلام) أنْ: «سَلْ فلاناً أن يشيرَ عليَّ ويتخيّرَ لنفسه، فهو يعلمُ ما يجوزُ في بلدِه، وكيفَ يعاملُ السلاطينَ، فإنّ المشورةَ مباركةٌ، قال الله لنبيّه في محكمِ كتابه: فاعفُ عنهم واستغفرْ لهم وشاورْهم في الأمر فإذا عزمتَ فتوكلْ على الله إنّ الله يحبُّ المتوكلين، فإنْ كان ما يقولُ ممّا يجوزُ كنتُ أصوّبُ رأيَه، وإنْ كان غيرَ ذلك رجوتُ أن أضعَه على الطريقِ الواضحِ إن شاء الله وشاورهم في الأمر يعني الاستخارة».

99-/1970 _5- Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Ali ibn Mahziyar, said: Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) wrote to me: “Ask so-and-so to advise me and to choose as he would for himself, for he knows what is permissible in his land and how to deal with the rulers. Consultation is blessed. God said to His Prophet in His decisive Book: ‘Then pardon them, and ask forgiveness for them, and consult them in the affair; so when you have decided, then place your trust in Allah; surely Allah loves those who trust.’ If what he says is permissible, I will approve his opinion; and if it is otherwise, I hope to set him on the clear path, God willing. ‘And consult them in the affair’ means seeking the best (istikharah).”

فَاعْفُ عَنْهُمْ وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ وَشَاوِرْهُمْ فِي الأَمْرِ فَإِذَا عَزَمْتَ فَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى اللَّهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُتَوَكِّلِينَ (آل عمران 3:159)

So pardon them and ask forgiveness for them and consult them in the affair; so when you have decided, then place your trust in Allah; surely Allah loves those who trust. (Qur’an 3:159, M. H. Shakir)

[2] لعلّ المراد من قوله (عليه السلام) (يشير عليّ) أي سَلْهُ يُظهر لي ما عنده من مصلحتي في أمر كذا (ويتخيّر لنفسه) أي يتخيّر لي تخيّراً كتخيّره لنفسه، كما هو شأن الأخ المحبّ المحبوب الذي يخشى الله (تعالى).

[2] la‘alla al-murāda min qawlīhi (ʿalayhi as-salām) (yushīru ʿalayya) ay sal-hu yuzhir lī mā ʿindahu min maṣlaḥatī fī amri kadhā (wa yata-khayyaru linafsih) ay yata-khayyaru lī takhayyuran ka-takhayyurihi linafsih, kamā huwa sha’nu al-akh al-muḥibb al-maḥbūb allaḏī yakhshā Allāha (taʿālā).

قوله تعالى:

وَمَا كَانَ لِنَبِيٍّ أَنْ يَغُلَّ وَمَنْ يَغْلُلْ يَأْتِ بِمَا غَلَّ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ (آل عمران 3:161)

Qur’an 3:161 (M. H. Shakir): And it is not attributable to any prophet that he should act unfaithfully; and he who acts unfaithfully shall bring that in respect of which he has acted unfaithfully on the day of resurrection; then shall every soul be paid back fully what it has earned, and they shall not be dealt with unjustly.

99-/1971 _1- ابنُ بابويه: عن أبيه، قال: حدّثنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ قتيبةَ، عن حمدانَ بنِ سليمانَ، عن نوحِ بنِ شعيبٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ بنِ بزيعٍ، عن صالحِ بنِ عُقبةَ، عن عَلقمةَ، عن الصادقِ جعفرِ بنِ محمدٍ (عليه السلام)، في حديثٍ طويلٍ قال (عليه السلام) فيه: «أَلَمْ يَنْسُبُوا نَبِيَّنَا محمّداً (صلى الله عليه وآله) إلى أنّه يومَ بدرٍ أخذ [لنفسه] من المغنم قطيفةً حمراءَ، حتى أظهره الله عز وجل على القطيفة، وبرّأ نبيَّه (صلى الله عليه وآله) من الخيانة، وأنزل في كتابه: وما كان لنبيّ أن يَغُلَّ ومن يَغْلُلْ يأتِ بما غلَّ يومَ القيامة؟!».

99-/1971 _1- Ibn Bābawayh: from his father, who said: ʿAli ibn Muhammad ibn Qutaybah related to us, from Ḥamdan ibn Sulaymān, from Nūḥ ibn Shuʿayb, from Muhammad ibn Ismāʿīl ibn Bazīʿ, from Ṣāliḥ ibn ʿUqbah, from ʿAlqamah, from as-Sādiq Jaʿfar ibn Muhammad (peace be upon him), in a long narration, wherein he (peace be upon him) said: “Did they not attribute to our Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him and his family) that on the day of Badr he took for himself from the war spoils a red mantle, until God, Mighty and Majestic, brought forth the mantle and exonerated His Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) from treachery, and sent down in His Book: ‘And it is not attributable to any prophet that he should act unfaithfully; and he who acts unfaithfully shall bring that in respect of which he has acted unfaithfully on the day of resurrection’?!”

99-/1972 _1- العياشي: عن سماعةَ، قال: قال أبو عبد الله (عليه السلام): «الغُلولُ كلُّ شيءٍ غُلَّ من الإمامِ، وأكلُ مالِ اليتيمِ شبهةٌ، والسُّحتُ شبهةٌ».

99-/1972 _1- al-ʿAyyāshī: from Samāʿah, who said: Abu ʿAbdillāh (peace be upon him) said: “Ghulūl is everything embezzled from the Imam; consuming an orphan’s wealth is of dubious (illicit) nature, and suḥt is of dubious (illicit) nature.”

99-/1973 _2- عليُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ، قال: في روايةِ أبي الجارودِ، عن أبي جعفرٍ (عليه السلام)، في قولِه تعالى: وما كان لنبيٍّ أن يَغُلَّ: «فصدقَ اللهُ، لم يكنِ اللهُ ليجعلَ نبيّاً غالّاً، ومن يَغْلُلْ يأتِ بما غلَّ يومَ القيامة، ومن غلَّ شيئاً رآه يومَ القيامة في النار، ثم يُكلَّف أن يدخلَ إليه فيُخرِجَه من النار».

99-/1973 _2- ʿAlī ibn Ibrāhīm said: In the narration of Abū al-Jārūd, from Abū Jaʿfar (peace be upon him), regarding His saying, “And it is not attributable to any prophet that he should act unfaithfully”: “God has spoken the truth; it was not for God to make a prophet treacherous. ‘And he who acts unfaithfully shall bring that in respect of which he has acted unfaithfully on the day of resurrection.’ Whoever embezzled anything will see it on the Day of Resurrection in the Fire; then he will be charged to enter into it and take it out from the Fire.”

قوله تعالى:

أَفَمَنِ اتَّبَعَ رِضْوَانَ اللَّهِ كَمَنْ بَاءَ بِسَخَطٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَمَأْوَاهُ جَهَنَّمُ وَبِئْسَ الْمَصِيرُ - إلى قوله تعالى - وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا يَكْتُمُونَ (آل عمران 3:162-167)

Qur’an 3:162-167 (M. H. Shakir):

3:162 Is then he who follows the pleasure of Allah like him who incurs displeasure from Allah, and whose abode is hell? and it is an evil destination.

3:163 There are (varying) grades with Allah, and Allah sees what they do.

3:164 Certainly Allah conferred a benefit upon the believers when He raised among them a messenger from among themselves, reciting to them His communications and purifying them, and teaching them the Book and the wisdom, although before that they were surely in manifest error.

3:165 What! when a misfortune befell you, and you had certainly afflicted (the unbelievers) with twice as much, you began to say: Whence is this? Say: It is from yourselves; surely Allah has power over all things.

3:166 And what befell you on the day when the two armies met (at Uhud) was with Allah’s knowledge, and that He might know the believers.

3:167 And that He might know the hypocrites; and it was said to them: Come, fight in Allah’s way, or (defend) yourselves. They said: If we knew fighting, we would certainly have followed you. They were on that day much nearer to unbelief than to belief. They utter with their mouths what is not in their hearts, and Allah best knows what they conceal.

99-/1974 _3- محمدُ بنُ يعقوبَ: عن عليِّ بنِ محمدٍ، عن سهلِ بنِ زيادٍ، عن ابنِ محبوبٍ، عن هشامِ بنِ سالمٍ، عن عمّارٍ الساباطيِّ، قال: سألتُ أبا عبد الله (عليه السلام) عن قولِ الله عز وجل: أَفَمَنِ اتَّبَعَ رِضْوَانَ اللَّهِ كَمَنْ بَاءَ بِسَخَطٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَمَأْوَاهُ جَهَنَّمُ وَبِئْسَ الْمَصِيرُ هُمْ دَرَجَاتٌ عِندَ اللَّهِ.

فقال: «الذين اتّبعوا رضوانَ الله هم الأئمّة، وهم—واللهِ، يا عمّار—درجاتٌ للمؤمنين، وبولايتِهم ومعرفتِهم إيّانا يضاعفُ اللهُ لهم أعمالَهم، ويرفعُ اللهُ لهم الدرجاتِ العُلا».

99-/1974 _3- Muhammad ibn Yaʿqūb: from ʿAlī ibn Muhammad, from Sahl ibn Ziyād, from Ibn Maḥbūb, from Hishām ibn Sālim, from ʿAmmār as-Sābāṭī, who said: I asked Abū ʿAbdillāh (peace be upon him) about the saying of God, Mighty and Majestic: “Is then he who follows the pleasure of Allah like him who incurs displeasure from Allah, and whose abode is hell? and it is an evil destination. They are (varying) grades with Allah.” He said: “Those who followed the pleasure of God are the Imams; and they—by God, O ʿAmmār—are ranks for the believers; and by allegiance to them and by their knowledge of us, God multiplies their deeds for them and raises for them the highest degrees.”

99-/1975 _4- العياشي: عن عمّارِ بنِ مروانَ، قال: سألتُ أبا عبد الله (عليه السلام) عن قولِ الله: أَفَمَنِ اتَّبَعَ رِضْوَانَ اللَّهِ كَمَنْ بَاءَ بِسَخَطٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَمَأْوَاهُ جَهَنَّمُ وَبِئْسَ الْمَصِيرُ.

فقال: «هم الأئمّة، وهم—واللهِ، يا عمّار—درجاتٌ للمؤمنين عند الله، وبمُوالاتهم وبمعرفتِهم إيّانا يضاعفُ اللهُ للمؤمنين حسناتِهم، ويرفعُ اللهُ لهم الدرجاتِ العُلا.

وأمّا قولُه، يا عمّار: كَمَنْ بَاءَ بِسَخَطٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ إلى قولِه: المصير، فهم—والله—الذين جحدوا حقَّ عليِّ بنِ أبي طالبٍ (عليه السلام) وحقَّ الأئمّةِ منّا أهلَ البيت، فباءوا بذلك بسخطٍ من الله».

99-/1975 _4- al-ʿAyyāshī: from ʿAmmār ibn Marwān, who said: I asked Abū ʿAbdillāh (peace be upon him) about God’s saying: “Is then he who follows the pleasure of Allah like him who incurs displeasure from Allah, and whose abode is hell? and it is an evil destination.” He said: “They are the Imams; and they—by God, O ʿAmmār—are ranks for the believers with God; and by loyalty to them and by their knowledge of us, God multiplies the good deeds of the believers and raises for them the highest degrees. As for His saying, O ʿAmmār: ‘like him who incurs displeasure from Allah … the destination,’ they are—by God—those who denied the right of ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib (peace be upon him) and the right of the Imams from us, the People of the House; thus they incurred thereby displeasure from God.”

_5) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:165/204.

_5) -Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī 1:165/204.

_1) -الأمالي 3/92، سنن أبي داود 4:3971/31، سنن الترمذي 5:3009/230، تفسير الطبريّ 4:102.

_1) -al-Amālī 3/92, Sunan Abī Dāwūd 4:3971/31, Sunan at-Tirmiḏī 5:3009/230, Tafsīr aṭ-Ṭabarī 4:102.

_1) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:166/205.

_1) -Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī 1:166/205.

_2) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:122.

_2) -Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:122.

_3) -الكافي 1:84/356.

_3) -al-Kāfī 1:84/356.

_4) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:167/205.

_4) -Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī 1:167/205.