Al-Hajj Ayah 1-9

Quran 22:1-5

بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ يٰا أَيُّهَا النّٰاسُ اتَّقُوا رَبَّكُمْ إِنَّ زَلْزَلَةَ السّٰاعَةِ شَيْءٌ عَظِيمٌ يَوْمَ تَرَوْنَهَا تَذْهَلُ كُلُّ مُرْضِعَةٍ عَمَّا أَرْضَعَتْ وَتَضَعُ كُلُّ ذَاتِ حَمْلٍ حَمْلَهَا وَتَرَى النَّاسَ سُكَارَىٰ وَمَا هُمْ بِسُكَارَىٰ وَلَٰكِنَّ عَذَابَ اللّٰهِ شَدِيدٌ وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يُجَادِلُ فِي اللّٰهِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ وَيَتَّبِعُ كُلَّ شَيْطَانٍ مَرِيدٍ كُتِبَ عَلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ مَنْ تَوَلَّاهُ فَأَنَّهُ يُضِلُّهُ وَيَهْدِيهِ إِلَىٰ عَذَابِ السَّعِيرِ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ فِي رَيْبٍ مِنَ الْبَعْثِ فَإِنَّا خَلَقْنَاكُمْ مِنْ تُرَابٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ نُطْفَةٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ عَلَقَةٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ مُضْغَةٍ مُخَلَّقَةٍ وَغَيْرِ مُخَلَّقَةٍ لِنُبَيِّنَ لَكُمْ وَنُقِرُّ فِي الْأَرْحَامِ مَا نَشَاءُ إِلَىٰ أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى ثُمَّ نُخْرِجُكُمْ طِفْلًا ثُمَّ لِتَبْلُغُوا أَشُدَّكُمْ وَمِنْكُمْ مَنْ يُتَوَفَّىٰ وَمِنْكُمْ مَنْ يُرَدُّ إِلَىٰ أَرْذَلِ الْعُمُرِ لِكَيْلَا يَعْلَمَ مِنْ بَعْدِ عِلْمٍ شَيْئًا وَتَرَى الْأَرْضَ هَامِدَةً فَإِذَا أَنْزَلْنَا عَلَيْهَا الْمَاءَ اهْتَزَّتْ وَرَبَتْ وَأَنْبَتَتْ مِنْ كُلِّ زَوْجٍ بَهِيجٍ

M. H. Shakir: In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful. O people! guard against (the punishment of) your Lord; surely the violence of the hour is a grievous thing. On the day you shall see it, every suckling woman shall quit in consternation what she suckled, and every pregnant woman shall lay down her burden, and you shall see men intoxicated, and they shall not be intoxicated but the chastisement of Allah will be severe. And among men there is he who disputes about Allah without knowledge and follows every rebellious Shaitan; against him it is written down that whoever takes him for a friend, he shall lead him astray and conduct him to the chastisement of the burning fire. O people! if you are in doubt about the raising, then surely We created you from dust, then from a small seed, then from a clot, then from a lump of flesh, complete in make and incomplete, that We may make clear to you; and We cause what We please to remain in the wombs till an appointed time, then We bring you forth as babies, then that you may attain your maturity, and of you is he who is caused to die and of you is he who is brought back to the worst part of life, so that after knowledge he does not know anything; and you see the earth barren, but when We send down on it the water, it stirs and swells and brings forth of every kind a beautiful herbage.

99-/7228 (al-Amālī 1:24)

الشَّيْخُ فِي (أَمَالِيهِ) قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ النُّعْمَانِ (رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ)، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حُبَيْشٍ الْكَاتِبُ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الثَّقَفِيُّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ فُضَيْلِ بْنِ الْجَعْدِ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْهَمْدَانِيِّ، عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، فِيمَا كَتَبَ إِلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ حِينَ وَلَّاهُ مِصْرَ، وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَقْرَأَهُ عَلَى أَهْلِهَا، وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ: «يَا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ بَعْدَ الْبَعْثِ مَا هُوَ أَشَدُّ مِنَ الْقَبْرِ، يَوْمٌ يَشِيبُ فِيهِ الصَّغِيرُ، وَيَسْكَرُ مِنْهُ الْكَبِيرُ، وَيَسْقُطُ فِيهِ الْجَنِينُ، وَتَذْهَلُ كُلُّ مُرْضِعَةٍ عَمَّا أَرْضَعَتْ، يَوْمٌ عَبُوسٌ قَمْطَرِيرٌ، يَوْمٌ كَانَ شَرُّهُ مُسْتَطِيراً. إِنَّ فَزَعَ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ لَيُرْهِبُ الْمَلَائِكَةَ الَّذِينَ لَا ذَنْبَ لَهُمْ، وَتَرْعُدُ مِنْهُ السَّبْعُ الشِّدَادُ، وَالْجِبَالُ الْأَوْتَادُ، وَالْأَرْضُ الْمِهَادُ، وَتَنْشَقُّ السَّمَاءُ فَهِيَ يَوْمَئِذٍ وَاهِيَةٌ، وَتَتَغَيَّرُ فَكَأَنَّهَا وَرْدَةٌ كَالدِّهَانِ، وَتَكُونُ الْجِبَالُ كَثِيباً مَهِيلاً بَعْدَ مَا كَانَتْ صُمّاً صِلَاباً، وَيُنْفَخُ فِي الصُّورِ، فَيَفْزَعُ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ، وَمَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ إِلَّا مَنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ، فَكَيْفَ مَنْ عَصَى بِالسَّمْعِ وَالْبَصَرِ وَاللِّسَانِ وَالْيَدِ وَالرِّجْلِ وَالْفَرْجِ وَالْبَطْنِ، إِنْ لَمْ يَغْفِرِ اللَّهُ لَهُ وَيَرْحَمْهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ، لِأَنَّهُ يَصِيرُ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ، إِلَى نَارٍ قَعْرُهَا بَعِيدٌ، وَحَرُّهَا شَدِيدٌ، وَشَرَابُهَا صَدِيدٌ، وَعَذَابُهَا جَدِيدٌ، وَمَقَامِعُهَا حَدِيدٌ، لَا يَفْتُرُ عَذَابُهَا، وَلَا يَمُوتُ سَاكِنُهَا، دَارٌ لَيْسَ فِيهَا رَحْمَةٌ، وَلَا يُسْمَعُ لِأَهْلِهَا دَعْوَةٌ. وَاعْلَمُوا- يَا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ- أَنَّ مَعَ هَذَا رَحْمَةَ اللَّهِ الَّتِي لَا تُعْجِزُ الْعِبَادَ، جَنَّةً عَرْضُهَا كَعَرْضِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ أُعِدَّتْ لِلْمُتَّقِينَ، لَا يَكُونُ مَعَهَا شَرٌّ أَبَداً، لَذَّاتُهَا لَا تُـمِلُّ، وَمُجْتَمَعُهَا لَا يَتَفَرَّقُ، وَسُكَّانُهَا قَدْ جَاوَرُوا الرَّحْمَنَ، وَقَامَ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمُ الْغِلْمَانُ بِصِحَافٍ مِنَ الذَّهَبِ، فِيهَا الْفَاكِهَةُ وَالرَّيْحَانُ».

Translation: The Shaykh in his Amali said: Abu ‘Abdillah Muhammad b. al-Nu‘man (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated to us, who said: Abu al-Hasan ‘Ali b. Muhammad b. Hubaysh al-Katib informed me, who said: al-Hasan b. ‘Ali al-Za‘farani informed me, who said: Abu Ishaq Ibrahim b. Muhammad al-Thaqafi informed me, who said: ‘Abdullah b. Muhammad b. ‘Uthman narrated to us, who said: ‘Ali b. Muhammad b. Abi Sa‘id narrated to us, from Fudayl b. al-Ja‘d, from Abu Ishaq al-Hamdani, from the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him), in what he wrote to Muhammad b. Abi Bakr when he appointed him over Egypt, and ordered him to read it to its people. In the hadith: “O servants of Allah, after the Resurrection there is what is more severe than the grave: a Day on which the little one will turn grey-haired, the elder will reel from it, the fetus will drop, and every nursing mother will forget what she was nursing—a grim, frowning Day, a Day whose evil is widespread. The terror of that Day will strike fear into the angels who have no sin; the seven mighty heavens will tremble from it, the mountains which are like pegs, and the earth which is a cradle. The sky will split, and on that Day it will be frail; it will change as though it were a red rose, like molten oil; and the mountains will become a shifting sand-heap after they had been solid and hard. The Trumpet will be blown, and all who are in the heavens and the earth will be terrified except whom Allah wills. So what then of the one who disobeyed with his hearing, his sight, his tongue, his hand, his foot, his private parts, and his belly, if Allah does not forgive him and have mercy on him on that Day? For he will be consigned elsewhere—to a Fire whose depth is far, whose heat is intense, whose drink is pus, whose punishment is ever renewed, whose scourges are of iron; its torment does not abate, and its inhabitant does not die—a realm in which there is no mercy, and where the pleas of its people are not heard. And know, O servants of Allah, that along with this is the mercy of Allah which never fails His servants: a Garden whose breadth is like that of the heavens and the earth, prepared for the Godwary—no evil is ever with it; its delights never pall; its gatherings never scatter; its inhabitants have neighbored the All-Merciful, and youths stand before them with golden platters, and in it are fruit and sweet basil.” And an addition to this hadith has preceded under His saying, “Surely the good deeds take away the evil deeds” from Surah Hud.

Footnotes:

[1] فيه — fīhi

[2] في المصدر: و ترعب — fī al-maṣdar: wa tur‘ib

[3] و الأوتاد — wa al-awtād

[4] سرابا — sarāban

99-/7229 (al-Amālī 2:265)

وَعَنْهُ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَلَوِيِّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ صَالِحٍ الصُّوفِيُّ الْخَزَّازُ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْحُسَيْنِيُّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُوسَى (عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُوسَى الرِّضَا، عَنْ أَبِيهِ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)، قَالَ: «قِيلَ لِلصَّادِقِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ (عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ): صِفْ لَنَا الْمَوْتَ؟ قَالَ: لِلْمُؤْمِنِ كَأَطْيَبِ طِيبٍ يَشُمُّهُ فَيُنْعَشُ لِطِيبِهِ، وَيَنْقَطِعُ التَّعَبُ وَالْأَلَمُ عَنْهُ، وَلِلْكَافِرِ كَلَسْعِ الْأَفَاعِي وَلَدْغِ الْعَقَارِبِ وَأَشَدَّ».

Translation: He said: al-Husayn b. ‘Ubaydillah informed us, from ‘Ali b. Muhammad al-‘Alawi, who said: al-Hasan b. ‘Ali b. Salih al-Sufi al-Khazzaz narrated to us, who said: Ahmad b. al-Hasan al-Husayni narrated to us, from ‘Ali, from his father Muhammad b. ‘Ali b. Musa (peace be upon them), from his father ‘Ali b. Musa al-Rida, from his father Musa b. Ja‘far (peace be upon them), who said: “It was said to al-Sadiq Ja‘far b. Muhammad (peace be upon them): Describe death to us. He said: For the believer, it is like the most pleasant fragrance one smells, by whose sweetness he is revived, and toil and pain depart from him; and for the unbeliever, it is like the sting of serpents and the bite of scorpions—indeed, more severe.”

99-/7230 (al-Amālī 2:265)

وَعَنْهُ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَلَوِيِّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى الرَّقِّيُّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبَرْقِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَظِيمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَسَنِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبَانٍ مَوْلَى زَيْدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ بَهْدَلَةَ، عَنْ شُرَيْحٍ الْقَاضِي، قَالَ: قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) لِأَصْحَابِهِ يَوْماً وَهُوَ يَعِظُهُمْ: «تَرَصَّدُوا مَوَاعِيدَ الْآجَالِ، وَبَاشِرُوهَا بِمَحَاسِنِ الْأَعْمَالِ، وَلَا تَرْكَنُوا إِلَى ذَخَائِرِ الْأَمْوَالِ فَتُحَلِّيَكُمْ خَدَائِعَ الْآمَالِ، إِنَّ الدُّنْيَا خَدَّاعَةٌ صَرَّاعَةٌ، مَكَّارَةٌ غَرَّارَةٌ سَحَّارَةٌ، أَنْهَارُهَا لَامِعَةٌ، وَثَمَرَاتُهَا يَانِعَةٌ، ظَاهِرُهَا سُرُورٌ، وَبَاطِنُهَا غُرُورٌ، تَأْكُلُكُمْ بِأَضْرَاسِ الْمَنَايَا، وَتُبِيرُكُمْ بِإِتْلَافِ الرَّزَايَا، لَهُمْ بِهَا أَوْلَادُ الْمَوْتِ، آثَرُوا زِينَتَهَا، وَطَلَبُوا رُتْبَتَهَا، جَهُلَ الرَّجُلُ، وَمَنْ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ؟ الْمُولَعُ بِلَذَّاتِهَا، وَالسَّاكِنُ إِلَى فَرْحَتِهَا، وَالْآمِنُ لِغَدْرَتِهَا، دَارَتْ عَلَيْكُمْ بِصُرُوفِهَا، وَرَمَتْكُمْ بِسِهَامِ حُتُوفِهَا، فَهِيَ تَنْزِعُ أَرْوَاحَكُمْ نَزْعاً، وَأَنْتُمْ تَجْمَعُونَ لَهَا جَمْعاً، لِلْمَوْتِ تُولَدُونَ، وَإِلَى الْقُبُورِ تُنْقَلُونَ، وَعَلَى التُّرَابِ تَتَوَسَّدُونَ، وَإِلَى الدُّودِ تُسَلَّمُونَ، وَإِلَى الْحِسَابِ تُبْعَثُونَ. يَا ذَوِي الْحِيَلِ وَالْآرَاءِ، وَالْفِقْهِ وَالْأَنْبَاءِ، اذْكُرُوا مَصَارِعَ الْآبَاءِ، فَكَأَنَّكُمْ بِالنُّفُوسِ قَدْ سُلِبَتْ، وَبِالْأَبْدَانِ قَدْ عُرِيَتْ، وَبِالْمَوَارِيثِ قَدْ قُسِمَتْ، فَتَصِيرُ- يَا ذَا الدَّلَالِ، وَالْهَيْبَةِ وَالْجَمَالِ- إِلَى مَنْزِلَةٍ شَعْثَاءَ، وَمَحَلَّةٍ غَبْرَاءَ، فَتُنَوَّمُ عَلَى خَدِّكَ فِي لَحْدِكَ، فِي مَنْزِلٍ قَلَّ زُوَّارُهُ، وَمَلَّ عُمَّالُهُ، حَتَّى يُشَقَّ عَنِ الْقُبُورِ، وَتُبْعَثَ إِلَى النُّشُورِ، فَإِنْ خُتِمَ لَكَ بِالسَّعَادَةِ صِرْتَ إِلَى حُبُورٍ، وَأَنْتَ مَلِكٌ مُطَاعٌ، وَآمِنٌ لَا يُرَاعُ، يَطُوفُ عَلَيْكُمْ وِلْدَانٌ كَأَنَّهُمُ الْجُمَانُ، بِكَأْسٍ مِنْ مَعِينٍ، بَيْضَاءَ لَذَّةٍ لِلشَّارِبِينَ. أَهْلُ الْجَنَّةِ فِيهَا يَتَنَعَّمُونَ، وَأَهْلُ النَّارِ فِيهَا يُعَذَّبُونَ، هَؤُلَاءِ فِي السُّنْدُسِ وَالْحَرِيرِ يَتَبَخْتَرُونَ، وَهَؤُلَاءِ فِي الْجَحِيمِ وَالسَّعِيرِ يَتَقَلَّبُونَ، هَؤُلَاءِ تُحْشَى جَمَاجِمُهُمْ بِمِسْكِ الْجِنَانِ وَهَؤُلَاءِ يُضْرَبُونَ بِمَقَامِعِ النِّيرَانِ، هَؤُلَاءِ يُعَانِقُونَ الْحُورَ فِي الْحِجَالِ، وَهَؤُلَاءِ يُطَوَّقُونَ أَطْوَاقاً فِي النَّارِ بِالْأَغْلَالِ، فَلَهُ، فَزَعٌ قَدْ أَعْيَى الْأَطِبَّاءَ، وَبِهِ دَاءٌ لَا يَقْبَلُ الدَّوَاءَ. يَا مَنْ يُسَلَّمُ إِلَى الدُّودِ، وَيُهْدَى إِلَيْهِ، اعْتَبِرْ بِمَا تَسْمَعُ وَتَرَى، وَقُلْ لِعَيْنِكَ تَجْفُو لَذَّةَ الْكَرَى، وَتُفِيضُ مِنَ الدُّمُوعِ بَعْدَ الدُّمُوعِ تَتْرَى، بَيْتُكَ الْقَبْرُ بَيْتُ الْأَهْوَالِ وَالْبِلَى، وَغَايَتُكَ الْمَوْتُ يَا قَلِيلَ الْحَيَاءِ. اسْمَعْ- يَا ذَا الْغَفْلَةِ وَالتَّصْرِيفِ- مِنْ ذَوِي الْوَعْظِ وَالتَّعْرِيفِ، جُعِلَ يَوْمُ الْحَشْرِ يَوْمَ الْعَرْضِ وَالسُّؤَالِ، وَالْحِبَاءِ وَالنَّكَالِ، يَوْمَ تُقْلَبُ إِلَيْهِ أَعْمَالُ الْأَنَامِ، وَتُحْصَى فِيهِ جَمِيعُ الْآثَامِ، يَوْمَ تَذُوبُ مِنَ النُّفُوسِ أَحْدَاقُ عُيُونِهَا، وَتَضَعُ الْحَوَامِلُ مَا فِي بُطُونِهَا، وَيُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ كُلِّ نَفَسٍ وَحَبِيبِهَا، وَيَحَارُ فِي تِلْكَ الْأَهْوَالِ عَقْلُ لَبِيبِهَا، إِذْ تَنَكَّرَتِ الْأَرْضُ بَعْدَ حُسْنِ عِمَارَتِهَا، وَتَبَدَّلَتْ بِالْخَلَقِ بَعْدَ أَنِيقِ زَهْرَتِهَا، أَخْرَجَتْ مِنْ مَعَادِنِ الْغَيْبِ أَثْقَالَهَا، وَنَفَضَتْ إِلَى اللَّهِ أَحْمَالَهَا. يَوْمَ لَا يَنْفَعُ الْجِدُّ، إِذَا عَايَنُوا الْهَوْلَ الشَّدِيدَ فَاسْتَكَانُوا، وَعُرِفَ الْمُجْرِمُونَ بِسِيمَاهُمْ فَاسْتَبَانُوا، فَانْشَقَّتِ الْقُبُورُ بَعْدَ طُولِ انْطِبَاقِهَا، وَاسْتَسْلَمَتِ النُّفُوسُ إِلَى اللَّهِ بِأَسْبَابِهَا، كُشِفَ عَنِ الْآخِرَةِ غِطَاؤُهَا، وَظَهَرَ لِلْخَلْقِ أَبْنَاؤُهَا، فَدُكَّتِ الْأَرْضُ دَكّاً دَكّاً، وَمُدَّتْ لِأَمْرٍ يُرَادُ بِهَا مَدّاً مَدّاً، وَاشْتَدَّ الْمُثَارُونَ إِلَى اللَّهِ شَدّاً شَدّاً، وَتَزَاحَفَتِ الْخَلَائِقُ إِلَى الْمَحْشَرِ زَحْفاً زَحْفاً، وَرُدَّ الْمُجْرِمُونَ عَلَى الْأَعْقَابِ رَدّاً رَدّاً، وَجَدَّ الْأَمْرُ- وَيْحَكَ، يَا إِنْسَانُ!- جَدّاً جَدّاً، وَقُرِّبُوا لِلْحِسَابِ فَرْداً فَرْداً، وَجَاءَ رَبُّكَ وَالْمَلَكُ صَفّاً صَفّاً، يَسْأَلُهُمْ عَمَّا عَمِلُوا حَرْفاً حَرْفاً، فَجِيءَ بِهِمْ عُرَاةَ الْأَبْدَانِ، خُشَّعاً أَبْصَارُهُمْ، أَمَامَهُمُ الْحِسَابُ، وَمِنْ وَرَائِهِمْ جَهَنَّمُ، يَسْمَعُونَ زَفِيرَهَا، وَيَرَوْنَ سَعِيرَهَا، فَلَمْ يَجِدُوا نَاصِراً وَلَا وَلِيّاً يُجِيرُهُمْ مِنَ الذُّلِّ، فَهُمْ يَعْدُونَ سِرَاعاً إِلَى مَوَاقِفِ الْحَشْرِ، يُسَاقُونَ سَوْقاً. فَالسَّمَاوَاتُ مَطْوِيَّاتٌ بِيَمِينِهِ كَطَيِّ السِّجِلِّ لِلْكُتُبِ، وَالْعِبَادُ عَلَى الصِّرَاطِ وَجِلَتْ قُلُوبُهُمْ، يَظُنُّونَ أَنَّهُمْ لَا يَسْلَمُونَ، وَلَا يُؤْذَنُ لَهُمْ فَيَتَكَلَّمُونَ، وَلَا يُقْبَلُ مِنْهُمْ فَيَعْتَذِرُونَ، قَدْ خُتِمَ عَلَى أَفْوَاهِهِمْ وَاسْتُنْطِقَتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَرْجُلُهُمْ بِمَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ. يَا لَهَا مِنْ سَاعَةٍ، مَا أَشْجَى مَوَاقِعَهَا مِنَ الْقُلُوبِ، حِينَ مُيِّزَ بَيْنَ الْفَرِيقَيْنِ: فَرِيقٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ، وَفَرِيقٌ فِي السَّعِيرِ! مِنْ مِثْلِ هَذَا فَلْيَهْرُبِ الْهَارِبُونَ، إِذَا كَانَتِ الدَّارُ الْآخِرَةُ لَهَا يَعْمَلُ الْعَامِلُونَ».

Translation: He said: ‘Ali b. Muhammad b. Abi al-Qasim narrated to us, from Ahmad b. Abi ‘Abdillah al-Barqi, from ‘Abd al-‘Azim b. ‘Abdillah al-Hasani, from his father, from Aban the client of Zayd b. ‘Ali, from ‘Asim b. Bahdalah, from Shurayh the judge, who said: The Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) said to his companions one day as he admonished them: “Watch for the appointed times of the terms (of life), and meet them with the best of deeds; do not rely on stores of wealth lest the deceits of hopes adorn you. Truly this world is a cheat, a thrower-down, a trickster, a beguiler, a sorceress: its rivers glisten, its fruits are ripe; its surface is delight, but its inside is delusion. It gnaws you with the molars of death and destroys you by the ruin of afflictions. The sons of death are those devoted to it—they preferred its adornment and sought its rank. A man is ignorant—and who is that man?—he who is infatuated with its pleasures, who reposes in its joy, and who feels secure from its treachery. It has circled around you with its vicissitudes and shot you with the arrows of doom. It is ripping out your souls as you heap up for it hoards. For death you are born; to the graves you are carried; on the dust you will be pillowed; to the worms you will be delivered; and to the Reckoning you will be raised. O you of stratagems and opinions, of understanding and reports, remember the resting places of the forefathers—as though your souls had been seized, your bodies stripped, and your inheritances divided. Then, O you of coquetry, awe, and beauty, you will come to a disheveled abode, a dusty station; you will be laid to sleep on your cheek in your niche, in a dwelling whose visitors are few and whose workers grow weary—until the graves are split open and you are raised to the Resurrection. If happiness is sealed for you, you will come to joy, a king obeyed and safe, unalarmed; lads will circle around you like pearls, with a cup from a flowing spring, white, a delight to the drinkers. The people of the Garden therein are enjoying, and the people of the Fire therein are being punished: these strut in fine silk and brocade, while those roll in Hell and the Blaze; these have their skulls stuffed with the musk of the gardens, while those are struck with the scourges of the fires; these embrace houris in their tents, while those are collared with shackles in the Fire. His heart is struck with a terror that confounds the physicians, afflicted with a disease that accepts no remedy. O you who will be consigned to the worms and presented to them: take lesson from what you hear and see; bid your eye forsake the sweetness of sleep and pour forth tears after tears in succession. Your house is the grave—the house of terrors and decay; your end is death, O you of little shame. Hear, O you of heedlessness and contriving, from the people of admonition and exposition: the Day of Gathering has been made the Day of Display and Questioning, of gift and punishment; a day to which the deeds of mankind are turned, and in which all sins are counted; a day when the pupils of eyes will melt within the souls, the pregnant will lay down what is in their bellies, every soul will be parted from its beloved, and the mind of the intelligent will be bewildered at those terrors—when the earth, after the beauty of its cultivation, becomes unfamiliar, and, to the creatures, after the grace of its blossoms, is altered; it brings forth its burdens from the mines of the unseen and shakes off its loads to Allah. A day when effort will not avail once they behold the severe horror and are humbled; the guilty will be recognized by their marks and become manifest. The graves will open after long closure, souls will surrender to Allah by their causes; the covering of the Hereafter will be lifted and its realities will appear to the creation. The earth will be pounded, pounded; it will be stretched for what is intended of it, stretched, stretched; the ones stirred to go to Allah will hasten, hasten; the creatures will crawl to the Gathering Place, rank upon rank; the criminals will be turned back, turned back. The matter—woe to you, O man!—will become very, very serious. They will be brought near for account, one by one. ‘And your Lord comes and the angels in ranks,’ asking them about what they did, letter by letter. They will be brought naked of bodies, their eyes downcast; before them is the reckoning and behind them Hell—they hear its roaring and see its blaze. They will find no helper and no protecting friend to deliver them from humiliation; they run swiftly to the stations of the Gathering, driven as a herd. The heavens are folded in His right hand like the folding of a scroll for writings. The servants are upon the Bridge with hearts trembling; they think they will not be saved. They will not be allowed to speak, nor will it be accepted from them that they offer an excuse. Their mouths will be sealed, and their hands and their feet will be made to speak about what they used to do. Oh, what an hour! How grievously it strikes the hearts when the two parties are distinguished: a party in the Garden, and a party in the Blaze. From such as this let the fleers flee—seeing that for the abode of the Hereafter the doers do their deeds.”

Footnotes:

[1] تنوّمون — tunawwimūn

[2] يتحبرون / يتجبرون — yataḥabbarūn / yatatajabbarūn

[3] في قلبه — fī qalbih

[4] ذي — dhī

[5] حباء — ḥibā’

[6] فيه — fīhi

[7] الحذر إذ — al-ḥadhar idh

/7231 _4 (Tafsīr al-Qummī 2:78)

علي بن إبراهيم: في معنى الآية، قال: مخاطبة للناس عامة يَوْمَ تَرَوْنَهٰا تَذْهَلُ كُلُّ مُرْضِعَةٍ عَمّٰا أَرْضَعَتْ أي تبقى و تتحير و تتغافل وَ تَضَعُ كُلُّ ذٰاتِ حَمْلٍ حَمْلَهٰا قال: كل امرأة تموت حاملة عند زلزلة الساعة تضع حملها يوم القيامة. و قوله تعالى: وَ تَرَى النّٰاسَ سُكٰارىٰ قال: يعنى ذاهلة عقولهم من الخوف و الفزع، متحيرين وَ مٰا هُمْ بِسُكٰارىٰ وَ لٰكِنَّ عَذٰابَ اللّٰهِ شَدِيدٌ. قال قوله: وَ مِنَ النّٰاسِ مَنْ يُجٰادِلُ فِي اللّٰهِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ أي يخاصم وَ يَتَّبِعُ كُلَّ شَيْطٰانٍ مَرِيدٍ قال: المريد: الخبيث. ثم خاطب اللّه عزّ و جلّ الدهرية، واحتج عليهم فقال: يٰا أَيُّهَا النّٰاسُ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ فِي رَيْبٍ مِنَ الْبَعْثِ أي في شك: فَإِنّٰا خَلَقْنٰاكُمْ مِنْ تُرٰابٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ نُطْفَةٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ عَلَقَةٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ مُضْغَةٍ مُخَلَّقَةٍ وَ غَيْرِ مُخَلَّقَةٍ قال المخلقة: إذا صارت دماً، و غير مخلقة، قال: السِّقط.

Translation: ‘Ali b. Ibrahim: Regarding the meaning of the verse, he said: It is an address to people in general: “On the day you see it, every nursing mother will be heedless of what she was nursing”—that is, she remains, bewildered and distracted; “and every pregnant one will lay down her burden”—he said: every woman who dies pregnant at the quake of the Hour will lay down her burden on the Day of Resurrection. And His saying, “And you see people intoxicated”—he said: it means their minds are stupefied from fear and terror, bewildered; “and they are not intoxicated, but the chastisement of Allah is severe.” He said regarding His saying, “And among people is he who disputes concerning Allah without knowledge”—that is, he quarrels—“and follows every rebellious Satan”—he said: al-marīd means: the wicked. Then Allah, Mighty and Glorious, addressed the materialists and argued against them, saying: “O people, if you are in doubt about the Resurrection,” meaning in doubt: “then surely We created you from dust, then from a drop, then from a clot, then from a lump of flesh, formed and unformed.” He said: formed—when it becomes blood; and unformed—he said: the miscarriage.

99-/7232 (al-Kāfī 6:1/12)

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ: عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَعَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، جَمِيعاً عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ، عَنْ سَلَّامِ بْنِ الْمُسْتَنِيرِ، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: مُخَلَّقَةٍ وَغَيْرِ مُخَلَّقَةٍ. فَقَالَ: «الْمُخَلَّقَةُ: الذَّرُّ الَّذِينَ خَلَقَهُمُ اللَّهُ فِي صُلْبِ آدَمَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، أَخَذَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْمِيثَاقَ، ثُمَّ أَجْرَاهُمْ مِنْ أَصْلَابِ الرِّجَالِ وَأَرْحَامِ النِّسَاءِ، وَهُمُ الَّذِينَ يَخْرُجُونَ إِلَى الدُّنْيَا حَتَّى يُسْأَلُوا عَنِ الْمِيثَاقِ. وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ: وَغَيْرِ مُخَلَّقَةٍ فَهُمْ كُلُّ نَسَمَةٍ لَمْ يَخْلُقْهُمُ اللَّهُ فِي صُلْبِ آدَمَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) حِينَ خَلَقَ الذَّرَّ، وَأَخَذَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْمِيثَاقَ، وَهُمُ النُّطَفُ مِنَ الْعَزْلِ وَالسِّقْطُ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُنْفَخَ فِيهِ الرُّوحُ وَالْحَيَاةُ وَالْبَقَاءُ».

Translation: Muhammad b. Ya‘qub: from Muhammad b. Yahya, from Ahmad b. Muhammad, and ‘Ali b. Ibrahim, from his father, all from al-Hasan b. Mahbub, from Muhammad b. al-Nu‘man, from Sallam b. al-Mustaneer, who said: I asked Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) about the saying of Allah, Mighty and Glorious: “formed and unformed.” He said: “Formed are the particles (al-dharr) whom Allah created in the loins of Adam (peace be upon him), from whom He took the covenant; then He sent them forth through the loins of men and the wombs of women, and these are the ones who come out into this world until they are asked about the covenant. As for His saying ‘and unformed,’ they are every soul whom Allah did not create in the loins of Adam (peace be upon him) when He created the particles and took the covenant from them; they are the drops from coitus interruptus and the fetus miscarried before the spirit, life, and permanence are breathed into it.”

99-/7233 (Tafsīr al-Qummī 2:78)

عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، قَالَ: وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي الْجَارُودِ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «لِنُبَيِّنَ لَكُمْ كَذَلِكَ كُنْتُمْ فِي الْأَرْحَامِ وَنُقِرُّ فِي الْأَرْحَامِ مَا نَشَاءُ فَلَا يَخْرُجُ سِقْطاً».

Translation: ‘Ali b. Ibrahim said: And in the narration of Abu al-Jarud, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him): “So that We may make clear to you how you were in the wombs; and We cause to remain in the wombs what We will, so it does not come forth as a miscarriage.”

Quran 22:5-9

... ثُمَّ نُخْرِجُكُمْ طِفْلًا ثُمَّ لِتَبْلُغُوا أَشُدَّكُمْ وَمِنْكُمْ مَنْ يُتَوَفَّىٰ وَمِنْكُمْ مَنْ يُرَدُّ إِلَىٰ أَرْذَلِ الْعُمُرِ لِكَيْلَا يَعْلَمَ مِنْ بَعْدِ عِلْمٍ شَيْئًا وَتَرَى الْأَرْضَ هَامِدَةً فَإِذَا أَنْزَلْنَا عَلَيْهَا الْمَاءَ اهْتَزَّتْ وَرَبَتْ وَأَنْبَتَتْ مِنْ كُلِّ زَوْجٍ بَهِيجٍ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللّٰهَ هُوَ الْحَقُّ وَأَنَّهُ يُحْيِ الْمَوْتَىٰ وَأَنَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ وَأَنَّ السَّاعَةَ آتِيَةٌ لَا رَيْبَ فِيهَا وَأَنَّ اللّٰهَ يَبْعَثُ مَنْ فِي الْقُبُورِ وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يُجَادِلُ فِي اللّٰهِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ وَلَا هُدًى وَلَا كِتَابٍ مُنِيرٍ ثَانِيَ عِطْفِهِ لِيُضِلَّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللّٰهِ لَهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا خِزْيٌ وَنُذِيقُهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ عَذَابَ الْحَرِيقِ

M. H. Shakir: Then We bring you forth as babies, then that you may attain your maturity, and of you is he who is caused to die and of you is he who is brought back to the worst part of life, so that after knowledge he does not know anything; and you see the earth barren, but when We send down on it the water, it stirs and swells and brings forth of every kind a beautiful herbage. This is because Allah is the Truth and because He gives life to the dead and because He has power over all things, and because the hour is coming, there is no doubt about it; and because Allah shall raise up those who are in the graves. And among men there is he who disputes about Allah without knowledge and without guidance and without an illuminating book, turning away haughtily that he may lead (others) astray from the way of Allah; for him is disgrace in this world, and on the day of resurrection We will make him taste the punishment of burning.

99-/7234 (Tafsīr al-Qummī 2:78)

عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجْرَانَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ (عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلَامُ)، قَالَ: «إِذَا بَلَغَ الْعَبْدُ مِائَةَ سَنَةٍ فَذَلِكَ أَرْذَلُ الْعُمُرِ».

Translation: ‘Ali b. Ibrahim said: Muhammad b. Ja‘far narrated to us, who said: Muhammad b. Ahmad (narrated), from al-‘Abbas, from Ibn Abi Najran, from Muhammad b. al-Qasim, from ‘Ali b. al-Mughira, from Abu ‘Abdillah, from his father (peace be upon them), who said: “When a servant reaches a hundred years, that is the worst part of life.”

/7235 _2 (Tafsīr al-Qummī 2:79)

وقال عليّ بن إبراهيم: ثم ضرب اللّه للبعث والنشور مثلاً، فقال: وَتَرَى الْأَرْضَ هَامِدَةً أي يابسة ميتة فَإِذَا أَنْزَلْنَا عَلَيْهَا الْمَاءَ اهْتَزَّتْ وَرَبَتْ وَأَنْبَتَتْ مِنْ كُلِّ زَوْجٍ بَهِيجٍ أي حسنٍ ذٰلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللّٰهَ هُوَ الْحَقُّ وَأَنَّهُ يُحْيِ الْمَوْتَى وَأَنَّهُ عَلىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ وَأَنَّ السّٰاعَةَ آتِيَةٌ لاٰ رَيْبَ فِيهَا وَأَنَّ اللّٰهَ يَبْعَثُ مَنْ فِي الْقُبُورِ. و قوله: وَمِنَ النّٰاسِ مَنْ يُجٰادِلُ فِي اللّٰهِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ وَلاٰ هُدىً وَلاٰ كِتٰابٍ مُنِيرٍ قال: نزلت في أبي جهل ثٰانِيَ عِطْفِهِ قال: تولّى عن الحق لِيُضِلَّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللّٰهِ قال: عن طريق اللّه والإيمان.

Translation: And ‘Ali b. Ibrahim said: Then Allah struck a likeness for the Resurrection and the Raising, saying: “And you see the earth barren”—that is, dry and dead—“but when We send down upon it water, it stirs and swells and brings forth of every kind a beautiful pair,” meaning comely. “That is because Allah is the Truth, and that He gives life to the dead, and that He has power over all things, and that the Hour is coming, there is no doubt in it, and that Allah will raise those who are in the graves.” And His saying, “And among people is he who disputes concerning Allah without knowledge or guidance or an illuminating book”—he said: it was revealed about Abu Jahl—“turning aside his neck” (thaniya ‘itfihi)—he said: he turned away from the truth—“that he may lead (others) astray from the way of Allah”—he said: from the path of Allah and faith.

99-/7236 (Ta’wīl al-Āyāt 1:1/333)

شَرَفُ الدِّينِ النَّجَفِيُّ: تَأْوِيلُهُ جَاءَ فِي بَاطِنِ تَفْسِيرِ أَهْلِ الْبَيْتِ (صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ)، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا حَدِيثاً يَرْفَعُهُ إِلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) أَنَّهُ قَالَ: وَمِنَ النّٰاسِ مَنْ يُجٰادِلُ فِي اللّٰهِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ وَلاٰ هُدىً وَلاٰ كِتٰابٍ مُنِيرٍ ثٰانِيَ عِطْفِهِ لِيُضِلَّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللّٰهِ قَالَ: هُوَ الْأَوَّلُ، ثَانِي عِطْفِهِ إِلَى الثَّانِي، وَذَلِكَ لَمَّا أَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ (صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ) الْإِمَامَ عَلِيّاً عَلَماً لِلنَّاسِ، وَقَالاَ: وَاللَّهِ لَا نَفِي لَهُ بِهَذَا أَبَداً.

Translation: Sharaf al-Din al-Najafi: Its esoteric interpretation came in the inner exegesis of the People of the House (blessings of Allah be upon them), from Hammad b. ‘Isa, who said: One of our companions narrated to me a report that he raises to the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him), that he said regarding “And among people is he who disputes concerning Allah without knowledge or guidance or an illuminating book—turning away haughtily to lead (others) astray from the way of Allah”: It is the first (i.e., the first usurper), turning his side to the second; and that was when the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) set up the Imam ‘Ali as a standard for the people, and they said: “By Allah, we will never accept this for him, ever.”

Quran 22:11-12

وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَعْبُدُ اللّٰهَ عَلَىٰ حَرْفٍ فَإِنْ أَصَابَهُ خَيْرٌ اطْمَأَنَّ بِهِ وَإِنْ أَصَابَتْهُ فِتْنَةٌ انْقَلَبَ عَلَىٰ وَجْهِهِ خَسِرَ الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةَ ذَٰلِكَ هُوَ الْخُسْرَانُ الْمُبِينُ يَدْعُو مِنْ دُونِ اللّٰهِ مَا لَا يَضُرُّهُ وَمَا لَا يَنْفَعُهُ ذَٰلِكَ هُوَ الضَّلَالُ الْبَعِيدُ

M. H. Shakir: And among men is he who serves Allah (standing) on the verge; so that if good befalls him he is satisfied therewith, and if a trial afflicts him he turns back headlong; he loses this world as well as the hereafter; that is a manifest loss. He calls besides Allah upon that which does not harm him and that which does not benefit him; that is the great error.