S 2 A 179

بقرة آيه 179

فَأَرَادَ أَوْلِيَاءُ الْمَقْتُولِ أَنْ يَقْتُلُوا،أَدَّوْا نِصْفَ دِيَتِهِ إِلَى أَهْلِ الرَّجُلِ».

They intended that if the heirs of the slain wished to kill (the killer), they should pay half of his blood-money to the family of the man.

99-/796 _7- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ الْبَرْقِيُّ:عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِهِ: يٰا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصٰاصُ أَ هِيَ لِجَمَاعَةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ؟قَالَ:«هِيَ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ خَاصَّةً».

99-/796 _7- Muhammad ibn Khalid al-Barqi, from some of his companions, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), regarding His saying: O you who believe! Retaliation is prescribed for you. Is it for the generality of the Muslims? He said: It is specifically for the believers.

99-/797 _8- عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَاتِّبٰاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَ أَدٰاءٌ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسٰانٍ .قَالَ:«يَنْبَغِي لِلَّذِي لَهُ الْحَقُّ أَنْ لاَ يَضُرَّ أَخَاهُ إِذَا كَانَ قَادِراً عَلَى دِيَتِهِ [1]، وَ يَنْبَغِي لِلَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الْحَقُّ أَنْ لاَ يَمْطُلَ أَخَاهُ إِذَا قَدَرَ عَلَى مَا يُعْطِيهِ،وَ يُؤَدِّيَ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ».

قَالَ:«يَعْنِي إِذَا وُهِبَ الْقَوَدُ [2] أَتْبَعُوهُ بِالدِّيَةِ إِلَى أَوْلِيَاءِ الْمَقْتُولِ،لِكَيْ لاَ يَبْطُلَ دَمُ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ».

99-/797 _8- From al-Halabi, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him). He said: I asked him about the saying of Allah: But if any remission is made to one by his brother, then prosecution should be according to usage, and payment to him should be made in a good manner. He said: It is proper that the one who has the right should not harm his brother if he (the debtor) is able to pay his blood-money [1], and it is proper that the one upon whom is the right should not delay his brother when he is able to give what is due, and that he should pay him with kindness. He said: It means that if retaliation (al-qawad) [2] is remitted as a gift, they should follow it up with the blood-money to the heirs of the slain, so that the blood of a Muslim person is not rendered void.

99-/798 _9- عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِهِ: فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ مَا ذَلِكَ؟ قَالَ:«هُوَ الرَّجُلُ يَقْبَلُ الدِّيَةَ [3]،فَأَمَرَ اللَّهُ الَّذِي لَهُ الْحَقُّ أَنْ يُتْبِعَهُ بِمَعْرُوفٍ وَ لاَ يُعْسِرَهُ،وَ أَمَرَ اللَّهُ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الدِّيَةُ أَنْ لاَ يَمْطُلَهُ،وَ أَنْ يُؤَدِّيَ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ إِذَا أَيْسَرَ».

99-/798 _9- From Abu Basir, from one of the two (peace be upon them), regarding His saying: But if any remission is made to one by his brother—what is that? He said: It is when a man accepts the blood-money [3], so Allah commanded the one who has the right to follow up in a customary way and not to make things difficult for him, and Allah commanded the one upon whom is the blood-money not to delay him, and to pay him with kindness when he becomes able.

99-/799 _10- عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: فَمَنِ اعْتَدىٰ بَعْدَ ذٰلِكَ فَلَهُ عَذٰابٌ أَلِيمٌ .قَالَ:«هُوَ الرَّجُلُ يَقْبَلُ الدِّيَةَ،أَوْ يَعْفُو،أَوْ يُصَالِحُ،ثُمَّ يَعْتَدِي فَيَقْتُلُ فَلَهُ عَذٰابٌ أَلِيمٌ ».

وَ فِي نُسْخَةٍ أُخْرَى:«فَيَلْقَى صَاحِبَهُ بَعْدَ الصُّلْحِ فَيُمَثِّلَ بِهِ فَلَهُ عَذٰابٌ أَلِيمٌ ».

99-/799 _10- From al-Halabi, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him). He said: I asked him about the saying of Allah: But whoever exceeds the limit after this, he shall have a painful chastisement. He said: It is the man who accepts the blood-money, or pardons, or makes a settlement, then transgresses and kills; he shall have a painful chastisement. And in another version: He meets his counterpart after the reconciliation and mutilates him; he shall have a painful chastisement.

قوله تعالى:

وَ لَكُمْ فِي الْقِصٰاصِ حَيٰاةٌ يٰا أُولِي الْأَلْبٰابِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ[179]

And there is life for you in (the law of) retaliation, O men of understanding, that you may guard yourselves. (Qur’an 2:179, M. H. Shakir)

99-/800 _1- (إِحْتِجَاجُ الطَّبْرِسِيِّ):بِالْإِسْنَادِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي تَفْسِيرِ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: وَ لَكُمْ فِي الْقِصٰاصِ حَيٰاةٌ الْآيَةَ.

قَالَ:« وَ لَكُمْ يَا أُمَّةَ مُحَمَّدٍ فِي الْقِصٰاصِ حَيٰاةٌ لِأَنَّ مَنْ هَمَّ بِالْقَتْلِ فَعَرَفَ أَنَّهُ يُقْتَصُّ مِنْهُ،فَكَفَّ

99-/800 _1- (Ihtijaj al-Tabrisi): With the chain from ‘Ali ibn al-Husayn (peace be upon them) in the exegesis of His saying, the Exalted: And there is life for you in retaliation. He said: And for you, O community of Muhammad, there is life in retaliation, because whoever intends to kill, and knows that retribution will be taken from him, refrains on that account from killing.

_7) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:159/75.

_7) -Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:159/75.

_8) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:160/75.

_8) -Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:160/75.

_9) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:161/76.

_9) -Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:161/76.

_10) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:162/76.

_10) -Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:162/76.

_1) -الإحتجاج:319.

_1) -al-Ihtijaj: 319.

[1] في المصدر:دية.

[1] fi al-masdar: diyah.

[2] القود:القصاص.«الصحاح-قود-2:528».

[2] al-qawad: al-qisas. “al-Sihah – qawada – 2:528”.

[3] في«س،ط»:هو الرجل يقتل.

[3] fi “S, T”: huwa al-rajulu yaqtul.

99-/800 _1- (continued) لِذَلِكَ عَنِ الْقَتْلِ،كَانَ حَيَاةً لِلَّذِي كَانَ هَمَّ بِقَتْلِهِ،وَ حَيَاةً لِهَذَا الْجَانِي [1] الَّذِي أَرَادَ أَنْ يَقْتُلَ،وَ حَيَاةً لِغَيْرِهِمَا مِنَ النَّاسِ، إِذَا عَلِمُوا أَنَّ الْقِصَاصَ وَاجِبٌ لاَ يَجْسُرُونَ عَلَى الْقَتْلِ مَخَافَةَ الْقِصَاصِ يٰا أُولِي الْأَلْبٰابِ أُولِي الْعُقُولِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ ».

ثُمَّ قَالَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«عِبَادَ اللَّهِ،هَذَا قِصَاصُ قَتْلِكُمْ لِمَنْ تَقْتُلُونَهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَ تُفْنُونَ رُوحَهُ،أَ وَ لاَ أُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِأَعْظَمَ مِنْ هَذَا الْقَتْلِ،وَ مَا يُوجِبُ [2] اللَّهُ عَلَى قَاتِلِهِ مِمَّا هُوَ أَعْظَمُ مِنْ هَذَا الْقِصَاصِ؟».قَالُوا:بَلَى،يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ.

قَالَ:«أَعْظَمُ مِنْ هَذَا الْقَتْلِ أَنْ يَقْتُلَهُ قَتْلاً لاَ يَنْجَبِرُ وَ لاَ يَحْيَا بَعْدَهُ أَبَداً».قَالُوا:مَا هُوَ؟ قَالَ:«أَنْ يُضِلَّهُ عَنْ نُبُوَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ،وَ عَنْ وَلاَيَةِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمَا)،وَ يَسْلُكَ بِهِ غَيْرَ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ،وَ يُغْرِيَهُ [3]بِاتِّبَاعِ طَرِيقِ أَعْدَاءِ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)وَ الْقَوْلِ بِإِمَامَتِهِمْ،وَ رَفْعِ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ حَقِّهِ،وَ جَحْدِ فَضْلِهِ،وَ أَنْ لاَ يُبَالِيَ بِإِعْطَائِهِ وَاجِبَ تَعْظِيمِهِ،فَهَذَا هُوَ الْقَتْلُ الَّذِي هُوَ تَخْلِيدُ الْمَقْتُولِ فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ،خَالِداً مُخَلَّداً أَبَداً،فَجَزَاءُ هَذَا الْقَتْلِ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ الْخُلُودِ فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ».

99-/800 _1- (continued) So he refrains from killing; thus it is life for the one whom he intended to kill, and life for this offender [1] who intended to kill, and life for others among the people—when they know that retaliation is obligatory, they do not dare to kill for fear of retaliation—O possessors of intellect, so that you may be Godwary. Then he (peace be upon him) said: Servants of Allah, this is the retaliation for your killing of the one you kill in this world when you extinguish his soul. Shall I not inform you of a killing more grievous than this killing, and of what Allah imposes [2] upon the one who commits it, which is greater than this retaliation? They said: Indeed, O son of the Messenger of Allah. He said: Greater than this killing is that he kills him with a killing that cannot be mended and after which he never lives again. They said: What is that? He said: That he leads him astray from the prophethood of Muhammad and from the walayah of ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib (may Allah bless them both), that he sets him upon other than the path of Allah, and that he incites him [3] to follow the way of the enemies of ‘Ali (peace be upon him) and to profess their imamate, removing ‘Ali (peace be upon him) from his right, denying his virtue, and not caring to give him the veneration due to him. This is the killing that is the consigning of the slain to everlastingness in the Fire of Hell, abiding therein forever. The recompense for this killing is like that—everlastingness in the Fire of Hell.

[1] في المصدر:الجافي.

[1] fi al-masdar: al-jafi.

[2] في المصدر:يوحيه.

[2] fi al-masdar: yūḥīhi.

[3] في المصدر:و يغير به.

[3] fi al-masdar: wa yugayyiru bih.

99-/801 _2- علي بن إبراهيم،قال:لو لا القصاص لقتل بعضكم بعضا.

99-/801 _2- ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim said: Were it not for retaliation, you would kill one another.

قوله تعالى:

كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذٰا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْراً الْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْوٰالِدَيْنِ وَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ حَقًّا عَلَى الْمُتَّقِينَ[180]

It is prescribed for you, when death approaches one of you, if he leaves behind wealth, that he make a bequest to parents and near relatives kindly; this is a duty (incumbent) on those who guard (against evil). (Qur’an 2:180, M. H. Shakir)

99-/802 _1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا،عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ،عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْوَصِيَّةِ لِلْوَارِثِ،فَقَالَ:«تَجُوزُ».قَالَ:ثُمَّ تَلاَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْراً الْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْوٰالِدَيْنِ وَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ .

الشَّيْخُ فِي(التَّهْذِيبِ)بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)مِثْلَهُ [4].

99-/802 _1- Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub: from several of our companions, from Sahl ibn Ziyad, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Nasr, from Ibn Bukayr, from Muhammad ibn Muslim, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him). He said: I asked him about bequest to an heir. He said: It is permissible. He then recited this verse: If he leaves behind wealth, that he make a bequest to parents and near relatives. The Shaykh in (al-Tahdhib), with his chain from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Ibn Bukayr, from Muhammad ibn Muslim, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), the like of it [4].

_2) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:65.

_2) -Tafsir al-Qummi 1:65.

_1) -الكافي 7:5/10.

_1) -al-Kafi 7:5/10.

[4] التهذيب 9:793/199.

[4] al-Tahdhib 9:793/199.