S 2 A 34
البقرة 2:34 وَإِذْ قُلْنَا لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ اسْجُدُوا لِآدَمَ فَسَجَدُوا إِلَّا إِبْلِيسَ أَبَىٰ وَاسْتَكْبَرَ وَكَانَ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ
And when We said to the angels: Make obeisance to Adam they did obeisance, but Iblis (did it not). He refused and he was proud, and he was one of the unbelievers. (M. H. Shakir)
99-/380 _13- حَرِيزٌ،عَمَّنْ أَخْبَرَهُ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «لَمَّا أَنْ خَلَقَ اللَّهُ آدَمَ،أَمَرَ الْمَلاَئِكَةَ أَنْ يَسْجُدُوا لَهُ. فَقَالَتِ الْمَلاَئِكَةُ فِي أَنْفُسِهَا:مَا كُنَّا نَظُنُّ أَنَّ اللَّهَ خَلَقَ خَلْقاً أَكْرَمَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَّا،فَنَحْنُ جِيرَانُهُ،وَ نَحْنُ أَقْرَبُ الْخَلْقِ إِلَيْهِ. فَقَالَ اللَّهُ: أَ لَمْ أَقُلْ لَكُمْ إِنِّي أَعْلَمُ غَيْبَ السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ وَ أَعْلَمُ مٰا تُبْدُونَ وَ مٰا كُنْتُمْ تَكْتُمُونَ فِيمَا أَبْدَوْا مِنْ أَمْرِ بَنِي الْجَانِّ،وَ كَتَمُوا مَا فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ،فَلاَذَتِ الْمَلاَئِكَةُ الَّذِينَ قَالُوا مَا قَالُوا بِالْعَرْشِ».
99-/380 _13- Hariz, from someone who informed him, from Abu ‘Abd Allah (peace be upon him), said: When Allah created Adam, He commanded the angels to prostrate to him. The angels thought within themselves: We did not think that Allah had created a creature more honored with Him than us; we are His neighbors and the closest of creation to Him. Allah said: Did I not say to you that I know the unseen of the heavens and the earth, and I know what you disclose and what you used to conceal—regarding what they disclosed about the affair of the jinn and what they concealed within themselves? Then the angels who had said what they said clung to the Throne.
99-/381 _14- ابْنُ شَاذَانَ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ):قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «مَنْ لَمْ يَقُلْ إِنِّي رَابِعُ الْخُلَفَاءِ الْأَرْبَعَةِ،فَعَلَيْهِ لَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ». قَالَ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ: فَقُلْتُ لِجَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ):قَدْ رَوَيْتُمْ غَيْرَ هَذَا فَإِنَّكُمْ لاَ تَكْذِبُونَ؟! قَالَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«نَعَمْ؛قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي مُحْكَمِ كِتَابِهِ: وَ إِذْ قٰالَ رَبُّكَ لِلْمَلاٰئِكَةِ إِنِّي جٰاعِلٌ فِي الْأَرْضِ خَلِيفَةً فَكَانَ آدَمُ أَوَّلَ خَلِيفَةِ اللَّهِ.وَ يٰا دٰاوُدُ إِنّٰا جَعَلْنٰاكَ خَلِيفَةً فِي الْأَرْضِ فَكَانَ دَاوُدُ الثَّانِيَ.وَ كَانَ هَارُونُ خَلِيفَةَ مُوسَى قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: اُخْلُفْنِي فِي قَوْمِي وَ أَصْلِحْ،وَ هُوَ خَلِيفَةُ مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،فَلِمَ لَمْ يَقُلْ:إِنِّي رَابِعُ الْخُلَفَاءِ الْأَرْبَعَةِ؟».
99-/381 _14- Ibn Shadhan, from ‘Ali ibn al-Husayn, from his father (peace be upon them), said: The Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) said: Whoever does not say that I am the fourth of the four caliphs, upon him is the curse of Allah. Al-Husayn ibn Zayd said: I said to Ja‘far ibn Muhammad (peace be upon them): You have narrated otherwise, and you do not lie, do you?! He (peace be upon him) said: Yes. Allah, the Exalted, says in His decisive Book: And when your Lord said to the angels: Surely I am going to place a vicegerent in the earth—so Adam was the first vicegerent of Allah. And: O David! surely We have made you a ruler in the land—so David was the second. And Aaron was the vicegerent of Moses, as He, the Exalted, says: Take my place among my people and act well; and he (Aaron) is the vicegerent of Muhammad (may Allah bless him and his family). So why should he not have said: I am the fourth of the four vicegerents? [Quran references cited in the hadith above]
البقرة 2:30 وَإِذْ قَالَ رَبُّكَ لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ إِنِّي جَاعِلٌ فِي الْأَرْضِ خَلِيفَةً
And when your Lord said to the angels: Surely I am going to place a ruler in the earth. (M. H. Shakir)
ص 38:26 يَا دَاوُودُ إِنَّا جَعَلْنَاكَ خَلِيفَةً فِي الْأَرْضِ
O David! surely We have made you a ruler in the land. (M. H. Shakir)
الأعراف 7:142 قَالَ اخْلُفْنِي فِي قَوْمِي وَأَصْلِحْ
He said: Take my place among my people and act well. (M. H. Shakir)
قوله تعالى: وَ إِذْ قُلْنٰا لِلْمَلاٰئِكَةِ اسْجُدُوا لِآدَمَ فَسَجَدُوا إِلاّٰ إِبْلِيسَ أَبىٰ وَ اسْتَكْبَرَ وَ كٰانَ مِنَ الْكٰافِرِينَ [34]
And when We said to the angels: Make obeisance to Adam they did obeisance, but Iblis (did it not). He refused and he was proud, and he was one of the unbelievers. (M. H. Shakir)
99-/382 _1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَمَّنْ أَخْبَرَهُ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ، قَالَ:سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَقُولُ: «لَمَّا رَأَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)تَيْماً وَ عَدِيّاً وَ بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ يَرْكَبُونَ مِنْبَرَهُ أَفْظَعَهُ،فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى قُرْآناً يَتَأَسَّى بِهِ: وَ إِذْ قُلْنٰا لِلْمَلاٰئِكَةِ اسْجُدُوا لِآدَمَ فَسَجَدُوا إِلاّٰ إِبْلِيسَ أَبىٰ . ثُمَّ أَوْحَى إِلَيْهِ:يَا مُحَمَّدُ،إِنِّي أَمَرْتُ فَلَمْ أُطَعْ،فَلاَ تَجْزَعْ أَنْتَ[إِذَا]أَمَرْتَ فَلَمْ تُطَعْ فِي وَصِيِّكَ».
99-/382 _1- Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub, from al-Husayn ibn Muhammad, from al-Mu‘alla ibn Muhammad, from one who informed him, from ‘Ali ibn Ja‘far, said: I heard Abu al-Hasan (peace be upon him) say: When the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) saw Taym, ‘Adi, and Banu Umayya ascending his pulpit, it horrified him. So Allah, Blessed and Exalted, sent down Qur’an for him to take solace in: And when We said to the angels: Make obeisance to Adam; so they made obeisance, but Iblis refused. Then He revealed to him: O Muhammad, I gave a command and was not obeyed; so do not grieve if you give a command and are not obeyed regarding your trustee. [Quran reference cited in the hadith above]
البقرة 2:34 وَإِذْ قُلْنَا لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ اسْجُدُوا لِآدَمَ...
And when We said to the angels: Make obeisance to Adam... (M. H. Shakir)
_13) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:14/33.
Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:14/33.
_14) -مائة منقبة:125 منقبة 59.
Mi’at Manqaba: 125, manqaba 59.
_1) -الكافي 1:73/353.
Al-Kafi 1:73/353.
[1] في«س،ط»:الحسن،و هو الحسين بن زيد بن عليّ بن الحسين(عليهما السّلام).راجع رجال النجاشيّ:52 و رجال الشيخ 55/1680.
[1] fi “S, T”: al-Hasan; and he is al-Husayn b. Zayd b. ‘Ali b. al-Husayn (peace be upon them). raji‘ Rijal al-Najjashi: 52 wa Rijal al-Shaykh 55/1680.
[2] سورة ص 38:26.
Surah Sad 38:26.
[3] الأعراف 7:142.
al-A‘raf 7:142.
[4] في المصدر:فمن.
fi al-masdar: faman.
[5] في المصدر زيادة:فعليه لعنة اللّه.
fi al-masdar ziyadah: fa-‘alayhi la‘nat Allah.
99-/383 _2- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا،عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَسْبَاطٍ،عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ بَكْرٍ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنِ الْكُفْرِ وَ الشِّرْكِ،أَيُّهُمَا أَقْدَمُ؟ فَقَالَ لِي:«مَا عَهْدِي بِكَ تُخَاصِمُ النَّاسَ». قُلْتُ:أَمَرَنِي هِشَامُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ أَنْ أَسْأَلَكَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ. فَقَالَ لِي:«الْكُفْرُ أَقْدَمُ وَ هُوَ الْجُحُودُ؛قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: إِلاّٰ إِبْلِيسَ أَبىٰ وَ اسْتَكْبَرَ وَ كٰانَ مِنَ الْكٰافِرِينَ».
99-/383 _2- And from him, from a number of our companions, from Sahl ibn Ziyad, from ‘Ali ibn Asbat, from Musa ibn Bakr, who said: I asked Abu al-Hasan (peace be upon him) about disbelief (kufr) and polytheism (shirk): which of them is earlier? He said to me: I am not accustomed to you disputing with people. I said: Hisham ibn Salim ordered me to ask you about that. He said to me: Disbelief is earlier, and it is denial; Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: except Iblis; he refused and was proud, and he was one of the unbelievers. [Quran reference cited in the hadith above]
البقرة 2:34 ... إِلَّا إِبْلِيسَ أَبَىٰ وَاسْتَكْبَرَ وَكَانَ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ
... except Iblis; he refused and he was proud, and he was one of the unbelievers. (M. H. Shakir)
99-/384 _3- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ،عَنْ مَسْعَدَةَ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ،قَالَ:سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) وَ قَدْ سُئِلَ عَنِ الْكُفْرِ وَ الشِّرْكِ أَيُّهُمَا أَقْدَمُ؟فَقَالَ:«الْكُفْرُ أَقْدَمُ،وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ إِبْلِيسَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ كَفَرَ،وَ كَانَ كُفْرُهُ غَيْرَ شِرْكٍ،لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَدْعُ إِلَى عِبَادَةِ غَيْرِ اللَّهِ،وَ إِنَّمَا دَعَا إِلَى ذَلِكَ بَعْدُ فَأَشْرَكَ».
99-/384 _3- And from him, from ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim, from Harun ibn Muslim, from Mas‘adah ibn Sadaqah, who said: I heard Abu ‘Abd Allah (peace be upon him) when he was asked about disbelief and polytheism—which is earlier? He said: Disbelief is earlier, for Iblis was the first to disbelieve; and his disbelief was not polytheism, because he did not call to worship other than Allah—he only later called to that and thus committed shirk.
99-/385 _4- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي،عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ،عَنْ جَمِيلٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: سُئِلَ عَمَّا نَدَبَ اللَّهُ الْخَلْقَ إِلَيْهِ،أَ دَخَلَ فِيهِ الضُّلاَّلُ؟ قَالَ:«نَعَمْ،وَ الْكَافِرُونَ دَخَلُوا فِيهِ،لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى أَمَرَ الْمَلاَئِكَةَ بِالسُّجُودِ لِآدَمَ،فَدَخَلَ فِي أَمْرِهِ الْمَلاَئِكَةُ وَ إِبْلِيسُ؛فَإِنَّ إِبْلِيسَ كَانَ مَعَ الْمَلاَئِكَةِ فِي السَّمَاءِ يَعْبُدُ اللَّهَ،وَ كَانَتِ الْمَلاَئِكَةُ تَظُنُّ أَنَّهُ مِنْهُمْ،وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ مِنْهُمْ،فَلَمَّا أَمَرَ اللَّهُ الْمَلاَئِكَةَ بِالسُّجُودِ لِآدَمَ،أَخْرَجَ مَا كَانَ فِي قَلْبِ إِبْلِيسَ مِنَ الْحَسَدِ،فَعَلِمَتِ الْمَلاَئِكَةُ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ إِبْلِيسَ لَمْ يَكُنْ مِنْهُمْ». فَقِيلَ لَهُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):كَيْفَ وَقَعَ الْأَمْرُ عَلَى إِبْلِيسَ،وَ إِنَّمَا أَمَرَ اللَّهُ الْمَلاَئِكَةَ بِالسُّجُودِ لِآدَمَ؟! فَقَالَ:«كَانَ إِبْلِيسُ مِنْهُمْ بِالْوَلاَءِ،وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ مِنْ جِنْسِ الْمَلاَئِكَةِ،وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ خَلَقَ خَلْقاً قَبْلَ آدَمَ،وَ كَانَ إِبْلِيسُ حَاكِماً فِي الْأَرْضِ،فَعَتَوْا وَ أَفْسَدُوا وَ سَفَكُوا الدِّمَاءَ،فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ الْمَلاَئِكَةَ فَقَتَلُوهُمْ،وَ أَسَرُوا إِبْلِيسَ وَ رَفَعُوهُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ،فَكَانَ مَعَ الْمَلاَئِكَةِ يَعْبُدُ اللَّهَ إِلَى أَنْ خَلَقَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى آدَمَ».
99-/385 _4- ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim said: My father told me, from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr, from Jamil, from Abu ‘Abd Allah (peace be upon him). He was asked: Those things to which Allah summoned the creation—did the misguided enter under that (address)? He said: Yes; the unbelievers entered under it. For Allah, Blessed and Exalted, commanded the angels to prostrate to Adam, and both the angels and Iblis were included in His command; Iblis had been with the angels in heaven worshipping Allah, and the angels supposed he was one of them, though he was not. When Allah commanded the angels to prostrate to Adam, He brought out what was in Iblis’s heart of envy, and at that the angels came to know that Iblis had not been one of them. It was said to him (peace be upon him): How did the command apply to Iblis, when Allah only commanded the angels to prostrate to Adam? He said: Iblis was among them by affiliation, but he was not of the species of the angels. Allah had created a creation before Adam, and Iblis was a ruler on the earth; they acted arrogantly, were corrupt, and shed blood. So Allah sent the angels, who killed them, captured Iblis, and raised him to heaven, where he remained with the angels worshipping Allah until Allah, Blessed and Exalted, created Adam.
_2) -الكافي 2:6/284.
Al-Kafi 2:6/284.
_3) -الكافي 2:8/284.
Al-Kafi 2:8/284.
_4) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:35.
Tafsir al-Qummi 1:35.
[1] أفظع الأمر فلانا:هاله.«المعجم الوسيط-فظع-2:695».
[1] afza‘a al-amra fulanan: hāluhu. “al-Mu‘jam al-Wasit – faza‘ – 2:695.”
[2] في المصدر:الضلالة.
fi al-masdar: al-dalalah.
[3] قال المجلسي(رحمه اللّه):اعلم أنّ المسلمين قد أجمعوا... «بحار الأنوار 11:140».
[3] qala al-Majlisi (rahimahu Allah): i‘lam anna al-muslimin qad ajma‘u... “Bihar al-Anwar 11:140.”
[4] في المصدر:من.
fi al-masdar: min.
[5] في المصدر زيادة:منهم.
fi al-masdar ziyadah: minhum.
99-/386 _5- وَ عَنْهُ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي،عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ،عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ أَبِي الْمِقْدَامِ،عَنْ ثَابِتٍ الْحَذَّاءِ،عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ آبَائِهِ،عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى أَرَادَ أَنْ يَخْلُقَ خَلْقاً بِيَدِهِ،وَ ذَلِكَ بَعْدَ مَا مَضَى مِنَ الْجِنِّ وَ النَّسْنَاسِ فِي الْأَرْضِ سَبْعَةُ آلاَفِ سَنَةٍ، وَ كَانَ مِنْ شَأْنِهِ خَلْقُ آدَمَ،فَكَشَطَ عَنْ أَطْبَاقِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ قَالَ لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ:اُنْظُرُوا إِلَى أَهْلِ الْأَرْضِ مِنْ خَلْقِي مِنَ الْجِنِّ وَ النَّسْنَاسِ،فَلَمَّا رَأَوْا مَا يَعْمَلُونَ فِيهَا مِنَ الْمَعَاصِي وَ سَفْكِ الدِّمَاءِ وَ الْفَسَادِ فِي الْأَرْضِ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ،عَظُمَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَ غَضِبُوا وَ تَأَسَّفُوا عَلَى أَهْلِ الْأَرْضِ وَ لَمْ يَمْلِكُوا غَضَبَهُمْ. قَالُوا:رَبَّنَا إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْعَزِيزُ الْقَادِرُ الْجَبَّارُ الْقَاهِرُ الْعَظِيمُ الشَّأْنِ،وَ هَذَا خَلْقُكَ الضَّعِيفُ الذَّلِيلُ يَتَقَلَّبُونَ فِي قَبْضَتِكَ وَ يَعِيشُونَ بِرِزْقِكَ وَ يَسْتَمْتِعُونَ بِعَافِيَتِكَ،وَ هُمْ يَعْصُونَكَ بِمِثْلِ هَذِهِ الذُّنُوبِ الْعِظَامِ،لاَ تَأْسَفُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَ لاَ تَغْضَبُ وَ لاَ تَنْتَقِمُ لِنَفْسِكَ لَمَّا تَسْمَعُ مِنْهُمْ وَ تَرَى،وَ قَدْ عَظُمَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْنَا وَ أَكْبَرْنَاهُ فِيكَ!». قَالَ:«فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْمَلاَئِكَةِ،قَالَ: إِنِّي جٰاعِلٌ فِي الْأَرْضِ خَلِيفَةً يَكُونُ حُجَّةً لِي فِي أَرْضِي عَلَى خَلْقِي. فَقَالَتِ الْمَلاَئِكَةُ:سُبْحَانَكَ أَ تَجْعَلُ فِيهٰا مَنْ يُفْسِدُ فِيهٰا كَمَا فَسَدَ بَنُو الْجَانِّ،وَ يَسْفِكُونَ الدِّمَاءَ كَمَا سَفَكَ بَنُو الْجَانِّ،وَ يَتَحَاسَدُونَ وَ يَتَبَاغَضُونَ،فَاجْعَلْ ذَلِكَ الْخَلِيفَةَ مِنَّا،فَإِنَّا لاَ نَتَحَاسَدُ وَ لاَ نَتَبَاغَضُ وَ لاَ نَسْفِكُ الدِّمَاءَ،وَ نُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدِكَ وَ نُقَدِّسُ لَكَ. قَالَ جَلَّ وَ عَزَّ: إِنِّي أَعْلَمُ مٰا لاٰ تَعْلَمُونَ إِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَخْلُقَ خَلْقاً بِيَدِي،وَ أَجْعَلَ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِهِ أَنْبِيَاءَ وَ مُرْسَلِينَ وَ عِبَاداً صَالِحِينَ وَ أَئِمَّةً مُهْتَدِينَ،وَ أَجْعَلَهُمْ خُلَفَاءَ عَلَى خَلْقِي فِي أَرْضِي،يَنْهَوْنَهُمْ عَنْ مَعْصِيَتِي، وَ يُنْذِرُونَهُمْ مِنْ عَذَابِي،وَ يَهْدُونَهُمْ إِلَى طَاعَتِي،وَ يَسْلُكُونَ بِهِمْ طَرِيقَ سَبِيلِي،وَ أَجْعَلَهُمْ لِي حُجَّةً،وَ عَلَيْهِمْ عُذْراً وَ نُذْراً،وَ أُبِينَ النَّسْنَاسَ عَنْ أَرْضِي،وَ أُطَهِّرَهَا مِنْهُمْ،وَ أَنْقُلَ مَرَدَةَ الْجِنِّ الْعُصَاةَ عَنْ بَرِيَّتِي وَ خَلْقِي وَ خِيَرَتِي، وَ أُسْكِنَهُمْ فِي الْهَوَاءِ وَ فِي أَقْطَارِ الْأَرْضِ،وَ لاَ يُجَاوِرُونَ نَسْلَ خَلْقِي،وَ أَجْعَلَ بَيْنَ الْجِنِّ وَ بَيْنَ خَلْقِي حِجَاباً،فَلاَ يَرَى نَسْلُ خَلْقِي الْجِنَّ،وَ لاَ يُجَالِسُونَهُمْ،وَ لاَ يُخَالِطُونَهُمْ،فَمَنْ عَصَانِي مِنْ نَسْلِ خَلْقِيَ الَّذِينَ اصْطَفَيْتُهُمْ،أَسْكَنْتُهُمْ مَسَاكِنَ الْعُصَاةِ،وَ أَوْرَدَتْهُمْ مَوَارِدَهُمْ وَ لاَ أُبَالِي». قَالَ:«فَقَالَتِ الْمَلاَئِكَةُ:يَا رَبَّنَا،افْعَلْ مَا شِئْتَ لاٰ عِلْمَ لَنٰا إِلاّٰ مٰا عَلَّمْتَنٰا إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْعَلِيمُ الْحَكِيمُ». قَالَ:«فَبَاعَدَهُمُ اللَّهُ مِنَ الْعَرْشِ[مَسِيرَةَ]خَمْسِمِائَةِ عَامٍ-قَالَ-:فَلاَذُوا بِالْعَرْشِ وَ أَشَارُوا بِالْأَصَابِعِ،فَنَظَرَ الرَّبُّ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَيْهِمْ وَ نَزَلَتِ الرَّحْمَةُ فَوَضَعَ لَهُمُ الْبَيْتَ الْمَعْمُورَ،فَقَالَ:طُوفُوا بِهِ وَ دَعُوا الْعَرْشَ فَإِنَّهُ لِي رِضًا، فَطَافُوا بِهِ-وَ هُوَ الْبَيْتُ الَّذِي يَدْخُلُهُ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ سَبْعُونَ أَلْفَ مَلَكٍ لاَ يَعُودُونَ إِلَيْهِ أَبَداً-فَوَضَعَ اللَّهُ الْبَيْتَ الْمَعْمُورَ تَوْبَةً لِأَهْلِ السَّمَاءِ،وَ وَضَعَ الْكَعْبَةَ تَوْبَةً لِأَهْلِ الْأَرْضِ. فَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى: إِنِّي خٰالِقٌ بَشَراً مِنْ صَلْصٰالٍ مِنْ حَمَإٍ مَسْنُونٍ* فَإِذٰا سَوَّيْتُهُ وَ نَفَخْتُ فِيهِ مِنْ رُوحِي فَقَعُوا لَهُ سٰاجِدِينَ -وَ كَانَ ذَلِكَ مِنَ اللَّهِ تَقْدِمَةً فِي آدَمَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْلُقَهُ،وَ احْتِجَاجاً مِنْهُ عَلَيْهِمْ». قَالَ:«فَاغْتَرَفَ رَبُّنَا عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ غُرْفَةً بِيَمِينِهِ مِنَ الْمَاءِ الْعَذْبِ الْفُرَاتِ-وَ كِلْتَا يَدَيْهِ يَمِينٌ-فَصَلْصَلَهَا فِي كَفِّهِ حَتَّى جَمَدَتْ،فَقَالَ لَهَا:مِنْكَ أَخْلُقُ النَّبِيِّينَ وَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ،وَ عِبَادِيَ الصَّالِحِينَ،وَ الْأَئِمَّةَ الْمُهْتَدِينَ،وَ الدُّعَاةَ إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ وَ أَتْبَاعَهُمْ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ وَ لاَ أُبَالِي،وَ لاَ أُسْأَلُ عَمَّا أَفْعَلُ وَ هُمْ يُسْأَلُونَ. ثُمَّ اغْتَرَفَ غُرْفَةً أُخْرَى مِنَ الْمَاءِ الْمَالِحِ الْأُجَاجِ،فَصَلْصَلَهَا فِي كَفِّهِ فَجَمَدَتْ،فَقَالَ لَهَا:مِنْكَ أَخْلُقُ الْجَبَّارِينَ، وَ الْفَرَاعِنَةَ وَ الْعُتَاةَ وَ إِخْوَانَ الشَّيَاطِينِ،وَ الدُّعَاةَ إِلَى النَّارِ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ وَ أَشْيَاعَهُمْ وَ لاَ أُبَالِي،وَ لاَ أُسْأَلُ عَمَّا أَفْعَلُ وَ هُمْ يُسْأَلُونَ». قَالَ:«وَ شَرَطَ الْبَدَاءَ فِيهِمْ،وَ لَمْ يَشْتَرِطْ فِي أَصْحَابِ الْيَمِينِ؛ثُمَّ خَلَطَ الْمَاءَيْنِ جَمِيعاً فِي كَفِّهِ فَصَلْصَلَهُمَا،ثُمَّ كَفَأَهُمَا قُدَّامَ عَرْشِهِ وَ هُمَا سُلاَلَةٌ مِنَ الطِّينِ. ثُمَّ أَمَرَ اللَّهُ الْمَلاَئِكَةَ الْأَرْبَعَةَ:اَلشَّمَالَ،وَ الْجَنُوبَ،وَ الصَّبَا،وَ الدَّبُورَ أَنْ يَجُولُوا عَلَى هَذِهِ السُّلاَلَةِ الطِّينِ فَأَبْرَءُوهَا وَ أَنْشَئُوهَا،ثُمَّ جَزَّءُوهَا وَ فَصَّلُوهَا،وَ أَجْرَوْا فِيهَا الطَّبَائِعَ الْأَرْبَعَةَ:اَلرِّيحَ،وَ الدَّمَ،وَ الْمِرَّةَ،وَ الْبَلْغَمَ... (إلى آخر الخبر).
99-/386 _5- And from him, he said: My father told me, from al-Hasan ibn Mahbub, from ‘Amr ibn Abi al-Miqdam, from Thabit al-Hadhdha’, from Jabir ibn Yazid, from Abu Ja‘far Muhammad ibn ‘Ali ibn al-Husayn, from his father, from his forefathers, from the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon them), who said: Allah, Blessed and Exalted, willed to create a creation with His own hand, after the jinn and the nasnas had passed in the earth for seven thousand years, and this concerned the creation of Adam. He uncovered the layers of the heavens and said to the angels: Look at the inhabitants of the earth from My creation, of the jinn and the nasnas. When they saw what they were doing there of sins, bloodshed, and corruption on the earth without right, it weighed heavily upon them; they became angry and felt sorrow for the people of the earth and could not restrain their anger. They said: Our Lord, You are the Mighty, the Powerful, the Compeller, the Subduer, of tremendous station; and these are Your weak, lowly creatures turning in Your grasp, living by Your provision, enjoying Your well-being, and yet they disobey You with such great sins—do You not feel sorrow for them, nor become angry, nor avenge Yourself for what You hear and see from them? This has become great to us and we have deemed it grave for Your sake. He said: When He heard that from the angels, He said: Surely I am placing in the earth a vicegerent to be My proof in My earth over My creation. The angels said: Glory be to You! Will You place therein one who will work corruption therein, as the progeny of the jinn did, and shed blood as the progeny of the jinn shed, and envy one another and show mutual hatred? Make that vicegerent from us, for we do not envy, nor hate, nor shed blood; and we glorify Your praise and sanctify You. He, Mighty and Majestic, said: Surely I know what you do not know. I intend to create a creature with My hand, and make from his offspring prophets and messengers, righteous servants, and rightly guided Imams. I shall make them vicegerents over My creation in My earth, forbidding them from My disobedience, warning them of My punishment, guiding them to My obedience, and leading them along the path of My way. I shall make them My proof, and for them a plea and a warning; and I shall remove the nasnas from My earth and purify it of them, and transfer the rebellious, disobedient among the jinn away from My creatures, My creation, and My chosen ones, housing them in the air and in the extremities of the earth, so they do not neighbor the progeny of My creature. I shall place a veil between the jinn and My creature: the progeny of My creature will not see the jinn, nor sit with them, nor mingle with them. So whoever disobeys Me from the progeny of My creature whom I have chosen, I shall place them in the dwellings of the disobedient and bring them to their watering places, and I do not mind. He said: The angels said: Our Lord, do what You will; we have no knowledge except what You have taught us; surely You are the All-knowing, the All-wise. He said: Then Allah distanced them from the Throne by a journey of five hundred years; they sought refuge with the Throne and gestured with their fingers. The Lord, Mighty and Majestic, looked upon them, and mercy descended, and He set for them the Frequented House (al-bayt al-ma‘mur), and said: Circumambulate it and leave the Throne, for this is pleasing to Me. They circumambulated it—this is the house which seventy thousand angels enter every day and never return. Allah set the Frequented House as a repentance for the inhabitants of the heavens and set the Ka‘bah as a repentance for the people of the earth. Allah, Blessed and Exalted, said: Surely I am going to create a mortal from dry clay of black mud fashioned; so when I have made him complete and breathed into him of My spirit, fall down making obeisance to him. That was from Allah a pre-announcement regarding Adam before He created him, and an argument from Him against them. He said: Our Lord scooped up a handful with His right hand of sweet fresh water—and both His hands are right—shook it in His palm until it solidified, and said to it: From you I create the prophets and messengers, My righteous servants, the rightly guided Imams, the callers to Paradise, and their followers until the Day of Resurrection, and I do not mind; I am not questioned about what I do, but they will be questioned. Then He scooped another handful of salty bitter water, shook it in His palm until it solidified, and said to it: From you I create the tyrants, pharaohs, the arrogant, the brethren of the devils, and the callers to the Fire until the Day of Resurrection, and their partisans; and I do not mind; I am not questioned about what I do, but they will be questioned. He stipulated badā’ regarding them and did not stipulate it regarding the people of the right; then He mixed the two waters together in His palm and shook them, then poured them out before His Throne as an extract from clay. Then Allah commanded the four angels—north, south, the east wind (al-sabā), and the west wind (al-dabūr)—to move over this extract of clay, to set it, originate it, divide it, and detail it, and to run through it the four temperaments: air, blood, bile, and phlegm... (and so on to the end of the narration). [Quran references cited in the hadith above]
البقرة 2:30 إِنِّي جَاعِلٌ فِي الْأَرْضِ خَلِيفَةً
Surely I am going to place a ruler in the earth. (M. H. Shakir)
البقرة 2:30 أَتَجْعَلُ فِيهَا مَنْ يُفْسِدُ فِيهَا
What! wilt Thou place in it such as shall make mischief in it. (M. H. Shakir)
البقرة 2:30 إِنِّي أَعْلَمُ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ
Surely I know what you do not know. (M. H. Shakir)
الحجر 15:28-29 إِنِّي خَالِقٌ بَشَرًا مِنْ صَلْصَالٍ مِنْ حَمَإٍ مَسْنُونٍ، فَإِذَا سَوَّيْتُهُ وَنَفَخْتُ فِيهِ مِنْ رُوحِي فَقَعُوا لَهُ سَاجِدِينَ
Surely I am going to create a mortal of the essence of black mud fashioned in shape. So when I have made him complete, and breathed into him of My spirit, fall down making obeisance to him. (M. H. Shakir)
_5) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:36.
Tafsir al-Qummi 1:36.
[1] النّسناس:جنس من الخلق... «الصّحاح-نسس-3:983»... «النهاية-نسنس-5:50».
[1] al-nasnas: jins min al-khalq... “al-Sihah – n-s-s – 3:983”... “al-Nihayah – nsns – 5:50.”
[2] كشطت الغطاء... «الصحاح-كشط-3:1155».
[2] kashaṭta al-ghita’... “al-Sihah – kashṭ – 3:1155.”
[3] في المصدر:و يتمتعون.
fi al-masdar: wa yatamatta‘un.
[4] أكبرت الشيء... «الصحاح-كبر-2:802».
[4] akbarta al-shay’... “al-Sihah – k-b-r – 2:802.”
[5] البقرة 2:30.
al-Baqarah 2:30.
[6] البقرة 2:30.
al-Baqarah 2:30.
[7] البقرة 2:30.
al-Baqarah 2:30.
[8] أبان الشيء... «المعجم الوسيط-بان-1:80»...
[8] aban al-shay’... “al-Mu‘jam al-Wasit – bān – 1:80”... [Due to length, the remaining narrations 99-/387 through 99-/398 and the subsequent verse block for al-Baqarah 2:35–36 will be continued in the next message with the same structure: Arabic text first, then coherent English translation, Quranic references with M. H. Shakir translation, and all footnotes preserved with Arabic then transliteration.]