Al-Hajj Ayah 11-12

الحجّ آيه 12-11

The Pilgrimage (al-Hajj), verses 11–12

كُنْتُمْ فِي الْأَرْحَامِ وَ نُقِرُّ فِي الْأَرْحٰامِ مٰا نَشٰاءُ فَلاَ يَخْرُجُ [1] سِقْطاً.

You were in the wombs, and We cause to remain in the wombs what We will, so it does not come forth as a miscarriage. [1]

(Qur’an 22:5 — M. H. Shakir: O people! if you are in doubt about the raising, then surely We created you from dust, then from a small seed, then from a clot, then from a lump of flesh, complete in make and incomplete, that We may make clear to you; and We cause what We please to stay in the wombs till an appointed time, then We bring you forth as babies, then that you may attain your maturity; and of you is he who is caused to die, and of you is he who is brought back to the worst part of life, so that after having knowledge he does not know anything; and you see the earth sterile, but when We send down on it the water, it stirs and swells and brings forth of every kind a beautiful herbage.)

قوله تعالى:

وَ مِنْكُمْ مَنْ يُتَوَفّٰى وَ مِنْكُمْ مَنْ يُرَدُّ إِلىٰ أَرْذَلِ الْعُمُرِ -إلى قوله تعالى- ثٰانِيَ عِطْفِهِ لِيُضِلَّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللّٰهِ [5-9]

His saying, exalted is He:

And of you is he who is caused to die, and of you is he who is brought back to the worst part of life — up to His saying — turning away in pride to lead (people) astray from the path of Allah. [5–9]

(Qur’an 22:5–9 — M. H. Shakir: see full translation above for 22:5; and 22:6–9: This is because Allah is the Truth and because He gives life to the dead and because He has power over all things, and because the hour is coming, there is no doubt about it; and because Allah shall raise up those who are in the graves. And among men is he who disputes about Allah without knowledge and without guidance and without an illuminating book, turning away in pride to lead (people) astray from the path of Allah; for him is disgrace in this world, and on the day of resurrection We will make him taste the punishment of burning.)

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عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ،عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ،عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجْرَانَ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «إِذَا بَلَغَ الْعَبْدُ مِائَةَ سَنَةٍ فَذَلِكَ أَرْذَلُ الْعُمُرِ».

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‘Ali ibn Ibrahim said: Muhammad ibn Ja‘far narrated to us, who said: Muhammad ibn Ahmad narrated to us, from al-‘Abbās, from Ibn Abi Najrān, from Muhammad ibn al-Qāsim, from ‘Ali ibn al-Mughīrah, from Abu ‘Abdillah, from his father (peace be upon them), who said: When a servant reaches one hundred years, that is the worst part of life.

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و قال عليّ بن إبراهيم:ثم ضرب اللّه للبعث و النشور مثلا،فقال: وَ تَرَى الْأَرْضَ هٰامِدَةً أي يابسة ميتة فَإِذٰا أَنْزَلْنٰا عَلَيْهَا الْمٰاءَ اهْتَزَّتْ وَ رَبَتْ وَ أَنْبَتَتْ مِنْ كُلِّ زَوْجٍ بَهِيجٍ أي حسنٍ ذٰلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللّٰهَ هُوَ الْحَقُّ وَ أَنَّهُ يُحْيِ الْمَوْتىٰ وَ أَنَّهُ عَلىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ* وَ أَنَّ السّٰاعَةَ آتِيَةٌ لاٰ رَيْبَ فِيهٰا وَ أَنَّ اللّٰهَ يَبْعَثُ مَنْ فِي الْقُبُورِ .

و قوله: وَ مِنَ النّٰاسِ مَنْ يُجٰادِلُ فِي اللّٰهِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ وَ لاٰ هُدىً وَ لاٰ كِتٰابٍ مُنِيرٍ قال:نزلت في أبي جهل ثٰانِيَ عِطْفِهِ قال:تولى عن الحق لِيُضِلَّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللّٰهِ قال:عن طريق اللّه و الإيمان.

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And ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim said: Then Allah struck a parable for resurrection and rising, saying: And you see the earth barren — meaning dry and dead — but when We send down water upon it, it stirs and swells and brings forth of every kind a beautiful pair — meaning fair. That is because Allah is the Truth, and because He gives life to the dead, and because He has power over all things; and because the Hour is coming, there is no doubt in it, and because Allah will raise those who are in the graves. And His saying: And among mankind is he who disputes concerning Allah without knowledge and without guidance and without an illuminating book — he said: It was revealed about Abu Jahl. Turning away in pride — he said: he turned away from the truth — to lead (people) astray from the path of Allah — he said: from the way of Allah and faith.

(Qur’an 22:5–7 and 22:8–9 — M. H. Shakir: see translations above.)

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شَرَفُ الدِّينِ النَّجَفِيُّ:تَأْوِيلُهُ جَاءَ فِي بَاطِنِ تَفْسِيرِ أَهْلِ الْبَيْتِ(صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ)،عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى، قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا حَدِيثاً يَرْفَعُهُ إِلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)أَنَّهُ قَالَ: وَ مِنَ النّٰاسِ مَنْ يُجٰادِلُ فِي اللّٰهِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ وَ لاٰ هُدىً وَ لاٰ كِتٰابٍ مُنِيرٍ* ثٰانِيَ عِطْفِهِ لِيُضِلَّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللّٰهِ قَالَ:هُوَ الْأَوَّلُ،ثَانِي عِطْفِهِ إِلَى [2] الثَّانِي، وَ ذَلِكَ لَمَّا أَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)الْإِمَامَ عَلِيّاً عَلَماً لِلنَّاسِ،وَ قَالاَ:وَ اللَّهِ لاَ نَفِي لَهُ بِهَذَا أَبَداً.

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Sharaf al-Dīn al-Najafī: Its esoteric interpretation came in the inner exegesis of the People of the Household (peace be upon them), from Hammad ibn ‘Īsā, who said: One of our companions narrated to me a report which he raises to the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him), that he said about: And among men is he who disputes concerning Allah without knowledge and without guidance and without an illuminating book, turning away in pride to lead (people) astray from the path of Allah: He is the first, turning his side to the second; and that was when the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace be upon him and his family) set up the Imam ‘Ali as a standard for the people, and they said: By Allah, we will never comply with this.

قوله تعالى:

وَ مِنَ النّٰاسِ مَنْ يَعْبُدُ اللّٰهَ عَلىٰ حَرْفٍ -إلى قوله تعالى- ذٰلِكَ هُوَ الضَّلاٰلُ الْبَعِيدُ [11-12]

His saying, exalted is He:

And among men is he who serves Allah (standing) on the edge — up to His saying — that is a far straying. [11–12]

(Qur’an 22:11–12 — M. H. Shakir: And among men is he who serves Allah (standing) on the verge, so that if good befalls him he is satisfied therewith, but if a trial afflicts him he turns back headlong; he loses this world as well as the hereafter; that is a manifest loss. He calls besides Allah upon that which does not harm him and that which does not profit him, that is the far straying.)

_1) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:78.

_1) -Tafsīr al-Qummī 2:78.

_2) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:79.

_2) -Tafsīr al-Qummī 2:79.

_3) -تأويل الآيات 1:1/333.

_3) -Ta’wīl al-Āyāt 1:1/333.

[1] في«ط»:نخرج.

[1] fī “Ṭ”: nakhruj.

[2] في المصدر:أي.

[2] fī al-maṣdar: ay.

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علي بن إبراهيم: وَ مِنَ النّٰاسِ مَنْ يَعْبُدُ اللّٰهَ عَلىٰ حَرْفٍ قال:على شك.

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‘Ali ibn Ibrahim: And among men is he who serves Allah on the edge — he said: upon doubt.

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مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنْ يُونُسَ،عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ،عَنْ ضُرَيْسٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ مِنَ النّٰاسِ مَنْ يَعْبُدُ اللّٰهَ عَلىٰ حَرْفٍ ،قَالَ:«إِنَّ الْآيَةَ تَنْزِلُ فِي الرَّجُلِ،ثُمَّ تَكُونُ فِي أَتْبَاعِهِ».

ثُمَّ قُلْتُ:كُلُّ مَنْ نَصَبَ دُونَكُمْ شَيْئاً فَهُوَ مِمَّنْ يَعْبُدُ اللَّهَ عَلَى حَرْفٍ؟فَقَالَ:«نَعَمْ،وَ قَدْ يَكُونُ مَحْضاً».

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Muhammad ibn Ya‘qūb: from ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim, from Muhammad ibn ‘Īsā, from Yunus, from Ibn Bukayr, from Dureys, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) regarding the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: And among men is he who serves Allah on the edge — he said: Indeed the verse comes down about a man, then it applies to his followers. Then I said: Is everyone who sets up anything short of you among those who serve Allah on the edge? He said: Yes, and it may be in a pure (absolute) sense.

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وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ،عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ،عَنِ الْفُضَيْلِ وَ زُرَارَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ مِنَ النّٰاسِ مَنْ يَعْبُدُ اللّٰهَ عَلىٰ حَرْفٍ فَإِنْ أَصٰابَهُ خَيْرٌ اطْمَأَنَّ بِهِ وَ إِنْ أَصٰابَتْهُ فِتْنَةٌ انْقَلَبَ عَلىٰ وَجْهِهِ خَسِرَ الدُّنْيٰا وَ الْآخِرَةَ .

قَالَ زُرَارَةُ:سَأَلْتُ عَنْهَا أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،فَقَالَ:«هَؤُلاَءِ قَوْمٌ عَبَدُوا اللَّهَ،وَ خَلَعُوا [1] عِبَادَةَ مَنْ يُعْبَدُ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ،وَ شَكُّوا فِي مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)وَ مَا جَاءَ بِهِ،فَتَكَلَّمُوا فِي الْإِسْلاَمِ،وَ شَهِدُوا أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ،وَ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،وَ أَقَرُّوا بِالْقُرْآنِ،وَ هُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ شَاكُّونَ فِي مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)وَ مَا جَاءَ بِهِ،وَ لَيْسُوا شُكَّاكاً فِي اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ،قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ مِنَ النّٰاسِ مَنْ يَعْبُدُ اللّٰهَ عَلىٰ حَرْفٍ يَعْنِي عَلَى شَكٍّ فِي مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) وَ مَا جَاءَ بِهِ فَإِنْ أَصٰابَهُ خَيْرٌ يَعْنِي عَافِيَةً فِي بَدَنِهِ [2] وَ مَالِهِ وَ وُلْدِهِ اِطْمَأَنَّ بِهِ وَ رَضِيَ بِهِ وَ إِنْ أَصٰابَتْهُ فِتْنَةٌ يَعْنِي بَلاَءً فِي جَسَدِهِ وَ مَالِهِ،تَطَيَّرَ وَ كَرِهَ الْمُقَامَ عَلَى الْإِقْرَارِ بِالنَّبِيِّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،فَرَجَعَ إِلَى الْوُقُوفِ وَ الشَّكِّ، وَ نَصَبَ الْعَدَاوَةَ لِلَّهِ وَ لِرَسُولِهِ،وَ الْجُحُودَ بِالنَّبِيِّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)وَ مَا جَاءَ بِهِ».

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And from him: from ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr, from ‘Umar ibn Udhaynah, from al-Fudayl and Zurārah, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), regarding the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: And among men is he who serves Allah on the edge; if good befalls him, he is content with it, and if a trial afflicts him, he turns back headlong; he loses the world and the Hereafter. Zurārah said: I asked Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) about it, and he said: These are a people who worshipped Allah and cast off [1] the worship of what is worshipped besides Allah, but they doubted Muhammad (blessings and peace be upon him and his family) and what he brought. They spoke within Islam and bore witness that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace be upon him and his family), and they acknowledged the Qur’an, yet in that they were doubters regarding Muhammad (blessings and peace be upon him and his family) and what he brought, though they were not doubters concerning Allah, Mighty and Majestic. Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: And among men is he who serves Allah on the edge — meaning upon doubt about Muhammad (blessings and peace be upon him and his family) and what he brought. If good befalls him — meaning well-being in his body [2] and his wealth and his children — he is reassured by it and pleased with it; and if a trial afflicts him — meaning affliction in his body and his wealth — he takes it as an evil omen and dislikes remaining upon acknowledging the Prophet (blessings and peace be upon him and his family), so he returns to hesitation and doubt, sets up enmity toward Allah and His Messenger, and to denial of the Prophet (blessings and peace be upon him and his family) and what he brought.

(Qur’an 22:11 — M. H. Shakir: see above.)

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وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ،عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ بَكْرٍ،عَنْ زُرَارَةَ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ مِنَ النّٰاسِ مَنْ يَعْبُدُ اللّٰهَ عَلىٰ حَرْفٍ .

قَالَ:«هُمْ قَوْمٌ وَحَّدُوا اللَّهَ،وَ خَلَعُوا [3] عِبَادَةَ مَنْ يُعْبَدُ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ،فَخَرَجُوا مِنَ الشِّرْكِ،وَ لَمْ يَعْرِفُوا أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)رَسُولُ اللَّهِ،فَهُمْ يَعْبُدُونَ اللَّهَ عَلَى شَكٍّ فِي مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)وَ مَا جَاءَ بِهِ،فَأَتَوْا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،وَ قَالُوا:نَنْظُرُ،فَإِنْ كَثُرَتْ أَمْوَالُنَا وَ عُوفِينَا فِي أَنْفُسِنَا وَ أَوْلاَدِنَا عَلِمْنَا أَنَّهُ صَادِقٌ،وَ أَنَّهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ،وَ إِنْ

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And from him: from Muhammad ibn Yahyā, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from ‘Ali ibn al-Hakam, from Mūsā ibn Bakr, from Zurārah, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him). He said: I asked him about the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: And among men is he who serves Allah on the edge. He said: They are a people who affirmed the oneness of Allah and cast off [3] the worship of what is worshipped besides Allah, so they came out of shirk, but they did not know that Muhammad (blessings and peace be upon him and his family) is the Messenger of Allah. Thus they worship Allah upon doubt about Muhammad (blessings and peace be upon him and his family) and what he brought. They came to the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace be upon him and his family) and said: We will observe; if our wealth increases and we are granted well-being in ourselves and our children, we will know that he is truthful and that he is the Messenger of Allah; and if—

_1) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:79.

_1) -Tafsīr al-Qummī 2:79.

_2) -الكافي 2:4/292.

_2) -al-Kāfī 2:4/292.

_3) -الكافي 2:1/303.

_3) -al-Kāfī 2:1/303.

_4) -الكافي 2:2/303.

_4) -al-Kāfī 2:2/303.

[1] في«ج»:و خلفوا.

[1] fī “J”: wa khalafū.

[2] في المصدر:نفسه.

[2] fī al-maṣdar: nafsihi.

[3] في«ج»:و خلفوا.

[3] fī “J”: wa khalafū.

كَانَ غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ نَظَرْنَا؛قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: فَإِنْ أَصٰابَهُ خَيْرٌ اطْمَأَنَّ بِهِ يَعْنِي عَافِيَةً فِي الدُّنْيَا وَ إِنْ أَصٰابَتْهُ فِتْنَةٌ يَعْنِي بَلاَءً فِي نَفْسِهِ وَ مَالِهِ اِنْقَلَبَ عَلىٰ وَجْهِهِ انْقَلَبَ عَلَى شَكِّهِ إِلَى الشِّرْكِ خَسِرَ الدُّنْيٰا وَ الْآخِرَةَ ذٰلِكَ هُوَ الْخُسْرٰانُ الْمُبِينُ* يَدْعُوا مِنْ دُونِ اللّٰهِ مٰا لاٰ يَضُرُّهُ وَ مٰا لاٰ يَنْفَعُهُ -قَالَ-يَنْقَلِبُ مُشْرِكاً،يَدْعُو غَيْرَ اللَّهِ وَ يَعْبُدُ غَيْرَهُ، فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَعْرِفُ وَ يَدْخُلُ الْإِيمَانُ قَلْبَهُ فَيُؤْمِنُ وَ يُصَدِّقُ،وَ يَزُولُ عَنْ مَنْزِلَتِهِ مِنَ الشَّكِّ إِلَى الْإِيمَانِ،وَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَثْبُتُ عَلَى شَكِّهِ،وَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَنْقَلِبُ إِلَى الشِّرْكِ».

—and if it is otherwise, we will reconsider. Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: So if good befalls him, he is reassured by it — meaning well-being in this world; and if a trial afflicts him — meaning an affliction in himself and his wealth — he turns back headlong, turning from his doubt to shirk. He loses the world and the Hereafter — that is the manifest loss. He calls, apart from Allah, upon that which neither harms him nor benefits him — he said: he turns into a polytheist, calling upon other than Allah and worshipping other than Him. Among them is he who recognizes, and faith enters his heart, so he believes and affirms and moves from his station of doubt to faith; and among them is he who remains upon his doubt; and among them is he who turns back to shirk.

(Qur’an 22:11–13 — M. H. Shakir: see 22:11–12 above; 22:13: He calls upon that besides Allah which does not harm him and which does not profit him, that is the far straying.)

وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنْ يُونُسَ،عَنْ رَجُلٍ،عَنْ زُرَارَةَ،مِثْلَهُ.

And from him: from ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim, from Muhammad ibn ‘Īsā, from Yunus, from a man, from Zurārah, similar to it.

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عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي،عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي عِمْرَانَ،عَنْ يُونُسَ،عَنْ حَمَّادٍ،عَنِ ابْنِ الطَّيَّارِ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فِي قَوْمٍ وَحَّدُوا اللَّهَ،وَ خَلَعُوا [1] عِبَادَةَ مَنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ،وَ خَرَجُوا مِنَ الشِّرْكِ،وَ لَمْ يَعْرِفُوا أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)رَسُولُ اللَّهِ،فَهُمْ يَعْبُدُونَ اللَّهَ عَلَى شَكٍّ فِي مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)وَ مَا جَاءَ بِهِ،فَأَتَوْا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)فَقَالُوا:نَنْظُرُ إِنْ كَثُرَتْ أَمْوَالُنَا وَ عُوفِينَا فِي أَنْفُسِنَا وَ أَوْلاَدِنَا عَلِمْنَا أَنَّهُ صَادِقٌ، وَ إِنَّهُ لَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ،وَ إِنْ كَانَ غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ نَظَرْنَا؛فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ: فَإِنْ أَصٰابَهُ خَيْرٌ اطْمَأَنَّ بِهِ وَ إِنْ أَصٰابَتْهُ فِتْنَةٌ انْقَلَبَ عَلىٰ وَجْهِهِ خَسِرَ الدُّنْيٰا وَ الْآخِرَةَ ذٰلِكَ هُوَ الْخُسْرٰانُ الْمُبِينُ* يَدْعُوا مِنْ دُونِ اللّٰهِ مٰا لاٰ يَضُرُّهُ وَ مٰا لاٰ يَنْفَعُهُ انْقَلَبَ مُشْرِكاً،يَدْعُو غَيْرَ اللَّهِ وَ يَعْبُدُ غَيْرَهُ،فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَعْرِفُ وَ يَدْخُلُ الْإِيمَانُ قَلْبَهُ،فَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ وَ يُصَدِّقُ،وَ يَزُولُ عَنْ مَنْزِلَتِهِ مِنَ الشَّكِّ إِلَى الْإِيمَانِ،وَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَلْبَثُ عَلَى شَكِّهِ،وَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَنْقَلِبُ إِلَى الشِّرْكِ».

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‘Ali ibn Ibrahim said: My father narrated to me, from Yahyā ibn Abi ‘Imrān, from Yunus, from Hammad, from Ibn al-Tayyār, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), who said: This verse was revealed about a people who affirmed Allah’s oneness and cast off [1] the worship of those besides Allah and came out of shirk, but they did not know that Muhammad (blessings and peace be upon him and his family) is the Messenger of Allah. So they worship Allah upon doubt about Muhammad (blessings and peace be upon him and his family) and what he brought. They came to the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace be upon him and his family) and said: We will observe; if our wealth increases and we are granted well-being in ourselves and our children, we will know that he is truthful and that he is indeed the Messenger of Allah; but if it is otherwise, we will reconsider. So Allah revealed: So if good befalls him, he is reassured by it; and if a trial afflicts him, he turns back headlong; he loses the world and the Hereafter; that is the manifest loss. He calls, apart from Allah, upon that which neither harms him nor benefits him. He has turned a polytheist, calling upon other than Allah and worshipping other than Him. Among them is he who recognizes, and faith enters his heart — he is a believer and affirms and moves from his station of doubt to faith; and among them is he who remains upon his doubt; and among them is he who turns back to shirk.

(Qur’an 22:11–13 — M. H. Shakir: see 22:11–12 above; 22:13: He calls upon that besides Allah which does not harm him and which does not profit him, that is the far straying.)

قوله تعالى:

مَنْ كٰانَ يَظُنُّ أَنْ لَنْ يَنْصُرَهُ اللّٰهُ فِي الدُّنْيٰا وَ الْآخِرَةِ -إلى قوله تعالى- إِنَّ اللّٰهَ يَفْعَلُ مٰا يَشٰاءُ [15-18]

His saying, exalted is He:

Whoever thinks that Allah will not help him in this world and the hereafter — up to His saying — surely Allah does what He pleases. [15–18]

(Qur’an 22:15–18 — M. H. Shakir: Whoever thinks that Allah will not help him in this world and the hereafter, let him stretch a rope to the ceiling, then cut off his breath, then let him see if his struggle takes away that at which he is enraged. And thus have We revealed it, clear communications, and that Allah guides whom He pleases. Surely those who believe and those who are Jews and the Sabians and the Christians and the Magians and those who associate (others with Allah)—surely Allah will decide between them on the day of resurrection; surely Allah is a witness over all things.)

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مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ هَمَّامٍ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْعَلَوِيِّ،عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ دَاوُدَ النَّجَّارِ،قَالَ:قَالَ الْإِمَامُ مُوسَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي،عَنْ أَبِيهِ-أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ-(صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ أَجْمَعِينَ): «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)قَالَ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ:إِنَّ رَبِّي وَعَدَنِي نُصْرَتَهُ،وَ أَنْ يُمِدَّنِي بِمَلاَئِكَتِهِ،وَ أَنَّهُ نَاصِرِي بِهِمْ وَ بِعَلِيٍّ أَخِي خَاصَّةً مِنْ بَيْنِ أَهْلِي؛فَاشْتَدَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْقَوْمِ أَنْ خَصَّ عَلِيّاً بِالنُّصْرَةِ،وَ أَغَاظَهُمْ ذَلِكَ،فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: مَنْ كٰانَ يَظُنُّ أَنْ لَنْ يَنْصُرَهُ اللّٰهُ فِي الدُّنْيٰا وَ الْآخِرَةِ فَلْيَمْدُدْ بِسَبَبٍ إِلَى السَّمٰاءِ ثُمَّ لْيَقْطَعْ فَلْيَنْظُرْ هَلْ يُذْهِبَنَّ كَيْدُهُ مٰا يَغِيظُ -قَالَ-لِيَضَعْ حَبْلاً فِي عُنُقِهِ إِلَى سَمَاءِ بَيْتِهِ يَمُدُّهُ حَتَّى يَخْتَنِقَ فَيَمُوتَ فَيَنْظُرَ هَلْ يُذْهِبَنَّ كَيْدُهُ غَيْظَهُ»؟

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Muhammad ibn al-‘Abbās said: Muhammad ibn Hammām narrated to us, from Muhammad ibn Ismā‘īl al-‘Alawī, from ‘Īsā ibn Dāwūd al-Najjār, who said: Imam Mūsā ibn Ja‘far (peace be upon him) said: My father narrated to me, from his father — Abu Ja‘far — (blessings of Allah be upon them all): that the Prophet (blessings and peace be upon him and his family) said one day: Indeed my Lord promised me His help, and that He would reinforce me with His angels, and that He would grant me victory by means of them and by ‘Ali — my brother — specifically from among my family. That weighed heavily upon the people, that he specified ‘Ali for the victory, and that angered them. So Allah, Mighty and Majestic, revealed: Whoever thinks that Allah will not help him in this world and the hereafter, let him stretch a rope to the heaven, then cut it off; then let him see whether his plot removes that which enrages him — meaning: let him place a rope around his neck to the ceiling of his house, pull it until he chokes and dies, then let him see whether his plot removes his rage.

_5) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:79.

_5) -Tafsīr al-Qummī 2:79.

_1) -تأويل الآيات 1:2/333.

_1) -Ta’wīl al-Āyāt 1:2/333.

[1] في«ج»:و خلفوا.

[1] fī “J”: wa khalafū.