Addendum S Qamar

المستدرك (سورة القمر)

قوله تعالى:

أَنِّي مَغْلُوبٌ فَانْتَصِرْ [10]

His saying, the Most High: "Indeed, I am overcome, so help (me)"

99- _1- الطَّبْرِسِيُّ فِي(الْإِحْتِجَاجِ):رُوِيَ أَنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)كَانَ جَالِساً فِي بَعْضِ مَجَالِسِهِ بَعْدَ رُجُوعِهِ مِنَ النَّهْرَوَانِ،فَجَرَى الْكَلاَمُ حَتَّى قِيلَ لَهُ:لِمَ لاَ حَارَبْتَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ وَ عُمَرَ كَمَا حَارَبْتَ طَلْحَةَ وَ الزُّبَيْرَ وَ مُعَاوِيَةَ؟

99-_1- al-Ṭabrisī in (al-Iḥtijāj): It is narrated that the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) was sitting in one of his gatherings after his return from Nahrawān. During the conversation, it was said to him: "Why did you not fight Abū Bakr and ʿUmar as you fought Ṭalḥah, al-Zubayr, and Muʿāwiyah?"

فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«إِنِّي كُنْتُ لَمْ أَزَلْ مَظْلُوماً مُسْتَأْثَراً عَلَى حَقِّي».فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ الْأَشْعَثُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ فَقَالَ:يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ.لِمَ لَمْ تَضْرِبْ بِسَيْفِكَ،وَ لَمْ تَطْلُبْ بِحَقِّكَ؟فَقَالَ:«يَا أَشْعَثُ،قَدْ قُلْتَ قَوْلاً فَاسْمَعِ الْجَوَابَ وَ عِهِ، وَ اسْتَشْعِرِ الْحُجَّةَ،إِنَّ لِي أُسْوَةً بِسِتَّةٍ مِنَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ(صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ أَجْمَعِينَ).

He (peace be upon him) said: "I have always been wronged and my right has been usurped."

Then al-Ashʿath ibn Qays stood up and said, "O Commander of the Faithful, why did you not strike with your sword and demand your right?"

He (peace be upon him) replied: "O Ashʿath, you have said a word, so listen to the answer, reflect on it, and grasp the proof. Indeed, I have a precedent in six of the prophets (peace be upon them all)."

أَوَّلُهُمْ:نُوحٌ حَيْثُ قَالَ:رَبِّ أَنِّي مَغْلُوبٌ فَانْتَصِرْ فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ:إِنَّهُ قَالَ هَذَا لِغَيْرِ خَوْفٍ فَقَدْ كَفَرَ،وَ إِلاَّ فَالْوَصِيُّ أَعْذَرُ».

The first of them: Noah, when he said: "My Lord! Surely I am overcome, so help (me)" [Qur’an 54:10].

So if someone were to say: “He said this not out of fear”, then he has indeed disbelieved. And if not — then the legatee (وصي) has an even greater excuse.

قوله تعالى:

تَنْزِعُ النّٰاسَ كَأَنَّهُمْ أَعْجٰازُ نَخْلٍ مُنْقَعِرٍ [20]

His saying, the Most High: “Tearing men away as if they were trunks of palm-trees torn up” [Qur’an 54:20].

99- _2- ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ فِي(عِلَلِ الشَّرَائِعِ)،قَالَ:أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنِ شَاذَانَ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ الْبَرْوَازِيُّ، قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ الْحَافِظُ السَّمَرْقَنْدِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا صَالِحُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ التِّرْمِذِيُّ،عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمُنْعِمِ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ وَهْبِ بْنِ مُنَبِّهٍ: أَنَّ الرِّيحَ الْعَقِيمَ تَحْتَ هَذِهِ الْأَرْضِ الَّتِي تَحْتَ هَذِهِ الْأَرْضِ الَّتِي نَحْنُ عَلَيْهَا،قَدْ زُمَّتْ بِسَبْعِينَ أَلْفَ زِمَامٍ مِنْ حَدِيدٍ،قَدْ وُكِّلَ بِكُلِّ زِمَامٍ سَبْعُونَ أَلْفَ مَلَكٍ،

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Ibn Bābawayh in ‘Ilal al-Sharā’iʿ said: Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Shādhān ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿUthmān al-Barwāzī informed us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥārith ibn Sufyān al-Ḥāfiẓ al-Samarqandī narrated to us, saying: Ṣāliḥ ibn Saʿīd al-Tirmidhī narrated from ʿAbd al-Munʿim ibn Idrīs, from his father, from Wahb ibn Munabbih:

Indeed, the barren wind (al-rīḥ al-ʿaqīm) is beneath this earth, which is beneath the earth upon which we are now, and it has been restrained by seventy thousand reins of iron, and with each rein there are seventy thousand angels assigned.

_1) -الإحتجاج:189.

_2) -علل الشرائع:1/33.

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فَلَمَّا سَلَّطَهَا اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَى عَادٍ،اسْتَأْذَنَتْ خَزَنَةُ الرِّيحِ رَبَّهَا عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ مِنْهَا فِي مِثْلِ مَنْخِرَيِ الثَّوْرِ،وَ لَوْ أَذِنَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَهَا مَا تَرَكَتْ شَيْئاً عَلَى ظَهْرِ الْأَرْضِ إِلاَّ أَحْرَقَتْهُ،فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَى خَزَنَةِ الرِّيحِ:أَنْ أَخْرِجُوا مِنْهَا مِثْلَ ثَقْبِ الْخَاتَمِ فَأُهْلِكُوا بِهَا.وَ بِهَا يَنْسِفُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ الْجِبَالَ نَسْفاً،وَ التِّلاَلَ وَ الْآكَامَ وَ الْمَدَائِنَ وَ الْقُصُورَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، وَ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: يَسْئَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْجِبٰالِ فَقُلْ يَنْسِفُهٰا رَبِّي نَسْفاً* فَيَذَرُهٰا قٰاعاً صَفْصَفاً* لاٰ تَرىٰ فِيهٰا عِوَجاً وَ لاٰ أَمْتاً [1]،

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So when Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, unleashed it (the barren wind) upon the people of ʿĀd, the keepers of the wind sought permission from their Lord, the Mighty and Majestic, to release from it something like the size of the nostrils of a bull. Had Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, granted them permission, it would not have left a single thing upon the face of the earth without burning it. But Allah revealed to the keepers of the wind: Release from it only the amount of a needle’s eye, and by it they destroyed them.

And with it, Allah the Mighty and Majestic shall scatter the mountains to dust, as well as the hills, mounds, cities, and palaces on the Day of Judgment. And this is the saying of the Almighty:

“They ask you about the mountains. Say: My Lord will uproot them and scatter them. Then He will leave it a smooth level plain, you shall not see therein any crookedness or unevenness.”

وَ الْقَاعُ:اَلَّذِي لاَ نَبَاتَ فِيهِ،وَ الصَّفْصَفُ:اَلَّذِي لاَ عِوَجَ فِيهِ،وَ الْأَمْتُ:اَلْمُرْتَفِعُ،وَ إِنَّمَا سُمِّيَتِ الْعَقِيمَ لِأَنَّهَا تَلَقَّحَتْ بِالْعَذَابِ،وَ تَعَقَّمَتْ عَنِ الرَّحْمَةِ كَتَعَقُّمِ الرَّجُلِ إِذَا كَانَ عَقِيماً لاَ يُولَدُ لَهُ،وَ طَحَنَتْ تِلْكَ الْقُصُورَ وَ الْمَدَائِنَ وَ الْمَصَانِعَ،حَتَّى عَادَ ذَلِكَ كُلُّهُ رَمْلاً رَقِيقاً تَسْفِيهِ الرِّيحُ،فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: مٰا تَذَرُ مِنْ شَيْءٍ أَتَتْ عَلَيْهِ إِلاّٰ جَعَلَتْهُ كَالرَّمِيمِ [2].

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And “al-qāʿ” means a land where nothing grows; “aṣ-ṣafṣaf” means that which has no crookedness in it; “al-amtu” is that which is elevated.

The wind was called ʿaqīm (barren) because it was impregnated with punishment and barren of mercy — like a man who is barren and cannot father children.

And it pulverized those palaces, cities, and fortresses until all of that turned into fine dust carried away by the wind.

And that is the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic:

“It leaves nothing of what it comes upon but makes it like ashes.”

وَ إِنَّمَا كَثُرَ الرَّمْلُ فِي تِلْكَ الْبِلاَدِ،لِأَنَّ الرِّيحَ طَحَنَتْ تِلْكَ الْبِلاَدَ وَ عَصَفَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ سَبْعَ لَيَالٍ وَ ثَمَانِيَةَ أَيَّامٍ حُسُوماً،فَتَرَى الْقَوْمَ فِيهَا صَرْعَى كَأَنَّهُمْ أَعْجَازُ نَخْلٍ خَاوِيَةٌ،وَ الْحُسُومُ:اَلدَّائِمَةُ،وَ يُقَالُ:اَلْمُتَتَابِعَةُ الدَّائِمَةُ.وَ كَانَتْ تَرْفَعُ الرِّجَالَ وَ النِّسَاءَ فَتَهُبُّ بِهِمْ صُعُداً،ثُمَّ تَرْمِي بِهِمْ مِنَ الْجَوِّ،فَيَقَعُونَ عَلَى رُؤُوسِهِمْ مُنَكَّسَيْنِ،تَقْلَعُ الرِّجَالَ وَ النِّسَاءَ مِنْ تَحْتِ أَرْجُلِهِمْ،ثُمَّ تَرْفَعُهُمْ،

And the sand became abundant in those lands because the wind pulverized those regions and blasted upon them for seven nights and eight days, uninterrupted, so that one would see the people lying therein fallen as though they were trunks of hollow palm-trees. al-ḥusūm means continuous, and it is also said to mean perpetually consecutive.

That wind used to lift up men and women and blow them high into the sky, then hurl them down from the air so that they would fall on their heads, inverted. It would uproot men and women from beneath their feet and then lift them up…

فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: تَنْزِعُ النّٰاسَ كَأَنَّهُمْ أَعْجٰازُ نَخْلٍ مُنْقَعِرٍ ،وَ النَّزْعُ:

الْقَلْعُ،وَ كَانَتِ الرِّيحُ تَعْصَفُ الْجَبَلَ كَمَا تَعْصَفُ الْمَسَاكِنَ فَتَطْحَنُهَا،ثُمَّ تَعُودُ رَمْلاً رَقِيقاً،فَمِنْ هُنَاكَ لاَ يُرَى فِي الرَّمْلِ جَبَلُ،وَ إِنَّمَا سُمِّيَتْ عَادٌ إِرَمَ ذَاتِ الْعِمَادِ،مِنْ أَجْلِ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَسْلَخُونَ الْعَمَدَ مِنَ الْجِبَالِ،فَيَجْعَلُونَ طُولَ الْعَمَدِ مِثْلَ طُولِ الْجَبَلِ الَّذِي يَسْلَخُونَهُ مِنَ أَسْفَلِهِ إِلَى أَعْلاَهُ،ثُمَّ يَنْقُلُونَ تِلْكَ الْعَمَدَ فَيَنْصِبُونَهَا،ثُمَّ يَبْنُونَ الْقُصُورَ عَلَيْهَا، فَسُمِّيَتْ ذَاتَ الْعِمَادِ لِذَلِكَ.

So that is His, the Almighty’s, saying: "Tearing people out as if they were trunks of uprooted palm-trees" [Qur'an, 54:20], and al-nazʿ means uprooting.

The wind would batter the mountains just as it battered the houses, grinding them down until they became fine sand. That is why no mountains are seen in those sandy regions today.

And ‘Ād were called "Iram, possessors of lofty pillars" because they used to extract pillars from the mountains, making the length of each pillar equal to the full height of the mountain from its base to its peak. Then they would transport those pillars, erect them, and build palaces atop them. Thus, they were called “Dhat al-ʿImād” (possessors of lofty pillars) for that reason.

[1] طه:2:105-107.

[2] الذاريات 51:42.

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