S 2 A 218

اِنْفِرُوا خِفٰافاً وَ ثِقٰالاً وَ جٰاهِدُوا بِأَمْوٰالِكُمْ وَ أَنْفُسِكُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللّٰهِ[1]

Go forth, light and heavy, and strive hard in Allah's way with your property and your persons; this is better for you, if you know. (al-Tawbah 9:41, M. H. Shakir)

قوله تعالى:

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَالَّذِينَ هَاجَرُوا وَجَاهَدُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أُولٰئِكَ يَرْجُونَ رَحْمَتَ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ[218]

Surely those who believe and those who migrate and strive hard in Allah's way hope for the mercy of Allah and Allah is Forgiving, Merciful. (al-Baqarah 2:218, M. H. Shakir)

99- _1- (إِعْلاَمُ الْوَرَى)-فِي ذِكْرِ مَغَازِي الرَّسُولِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)-قَالَ: ثُمَّ رَجَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)مِنَ الْعَشِيرَةِ[2] إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ،فَلَمْ يَقُمْ بِهَا عَشْرَ لَيَالٍ حَتَّى أَغَارَ كُرْزُ بْنُ جَابِرٍ الْفِهْرِيُّ عَلَى سَرْحِ الْمَدِينَةِ،فَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)فِي طَلَبِهِ حَتَّى بَلَغَ وَادِياً يُقَالُ لَهُ سَفَوَانُ مِنْ نَاحِيَةِ بَدْرٍ،وَ هِيَ غَزْوَةُ بَدْرٍ الْأُولَى،وَ حَامِلُ لِوَائِهِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،وَ اسْتَخْلَفَ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ زَيْدَ بْنَ حَارِثَةَ،وَ فَاتَهُ كُرْزٌ فَلَمْ يُدْرِكْهُ.

فَرَجَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)وَ أَقَامَ جُمَادَى وَ رَجَبَ وَ شَعْبَانَ،وَ كَانَ بَعَثَ بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ سَعْدَ بْنَ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ فِي ثَمَانِيَةِ رَهْطٍ،فَرَجَعَ وَ لَمْ يَلْقَ كَيْداً،ثُمَّ بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ جَحْشٍ إِلَى نَخْلَةَ وَ قَالَ:«كُنْ بِهَا حَتَّى تَأْتِيَنَا بِخَبَرٍ مِنْ أَخْبَارِ قُرَيْشٍ»وَ لَمْ يَأْمُرْهُ بِقِتَالٍ،وَ ذَلِكَ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ،وَ كَتَبَ لَهُ كِتَاباً،وَ قَالَ:«اخْرُجْ أَنْتَ وَ أَصْحَابُكَ حَتَّى إِذَا سِرْتَ يَوْمَيْنِ فَافْتَحْ كِتَابَكَ وَ انْظُرْ مَا فِيهِ،وَ امْضِ لِمَا أَمَرْتُكَ».

فَلَمَّا سَارَ يَوْمَيْنِ وَ فَتَحَ الْكِتَابَ فَإِذَا فِيهِ:«أَنِ امْضِ حَتَّى تَنْزِلَ نَخْلَةَ فَتَأْتِيَنَا مِنْ أَخْبَارِ قُرَيْشٍ بِمَا يَصِلُ إِلَيْكَ مِنْهُمْ».

فَقَالَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ حِينَ قَرَأَ الْكِتَابَ:سَمْعاً وَ طَاعَةً،مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ رَغْبَةٌ فِي الشَّهَادَةِ فَلْيَنْطَلِقْ مَعِي.فَمَضَى مَعَهُ الْقَوْمُ حَتَّى نَزَلُوا النَّخْلَةَ،فَمَرَّ بِهِمْ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ،وَ الْحَكَمُ بْنُ كَيْسَانَ،وَ عُثْمَانُ وَ الْمُغِيرَةُ ابْنَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ،مَعَهُمْ تِجَارَةٌ قَدَّمُوا بِهَا مِنَ الطَّائِفِ أُدْمٌ وَ زَبِيبٌ،فَلَمَّا رَآهُمُ الْقَوْمُ أَشْرَفَ لَهُمْ وَاقِدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ،وَ كَانَ قَدْ حَلَقَ رَأْسَهُ،فَقَالُوا:عُمَّارٌ[3] لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنْهُمْ بَأْسٌ.وَ ائْتَمَرَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ،وَ هُوَ آخِرُ يَوْمٍ مِنْ رَجَبٍ،فَقَالُوا:لَئِنْ قَتَلْتُمُوهُمْ إِنَّكُمْ لَتَقْتُلُونَهُمْ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ،وَ لَئِنْ تَرَكْتُمُوهُمْ لَيَدْخُلُنَّ هَذِهِ اللَّيْلَةَ مَكَّةَ فَلَيَمْنَعُنَّ مِنْكُمْ،فَأَجْمَعَ الْقَوْمُ عَلَى قَتْلِهِمْ،فَرَمَى وَاقِدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ التَّمِيمِيُّ عَمْرَو بْنَ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ بِسَهْمٍ فَقَتَلَهُ،وَ اسْتَأْمَنَ[4] عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَ الْحَكَمُ بْنُ كَيْسَانَ،وَ هَرَبَ الْمُغِيرَةُ فَأَعْجَزَهُمْ،وَ اسْتَاقُوا الْعِيرَ،فَقَدِمُوا بِهَا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،فَقَالَ لَهُمْ:«وَ اللَّهِ مَا أَمَرْتُكُمْ بِالْقِتَالِ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ»وَ أَوْقَفَ الْأَسِيرَيْنِ،وَ الْعِيرَ وَ لَمْ يَأْخُذْ مِنْهَا شَيْئاً،وَ أُسْقِطَ فِي أَيْدِي الْقَوْمِ،وَ ظَنُّوا أَنَّهُمْ قَدْ هَلَكُوا،

99-/_1- (I’lam al-Wara) – In the account of the military expeditions of the Messenger (may Allah bless him and his Family): He said: Then the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his Family) returned from al-‘Ushayrah[2] to Medina, and he had not stayed there ten nights before Kurz ibn Jabir al-Fihrī raided the grazing herd of Medina. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his Family) set out in pursuit of him until he reached a valley called Safwān on the side of Badr. This was the First Expedition of Badr, and the standard-bearer was ‘Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib (peace be upon him). He appointed Zayd ibn Ḥārithah as his deputy over Medina, but Kurz eluded him and he did not catch up with him.

The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his Family) returned and remained through Jumādā, Rajab, and Sha‘bān. In the meantime he had dispatched Sa‘d ibn Abī Waqqāṣ with eight men, but he returned without encountering the enemy. Then the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his Family) sent ‘Abdullāh ibn Jaḥsh to Nakhlah and said, “Stay there until you bring us intelligence about Quraysh,” and he did not order him to fight. That was in the Sacred Month. He wrote him a letter and said, “You and your companions depart, and when you have traveled two days, open your letter and see what is in it, and proceed with what I have commanded you.”

When he had traveled two days and opened the letter, behold, in it was: “Proceed until you halt at Nakhlah, then bring us word of Quraysh in accordance with what reaches you from them.”

When he read the letter he said to his companions, “Hearing and obedience! Whoever desires martyrdom, let him come with me.” The men went with him until they alighted at Nakhlah. ‘Amr ibn al-Ḥaḍramī, al-Ḥakam ibn Kaysān, and ‘Uthmān and al-Mughīrah, the two sons of ‘Abdullāh, passed by them, with merchandise they had brought from Ṭā’if—tanned leather and raisins. When the men saw them, Wāqid ibn ‘Abdullāh—who had shaved his head—looked out toward them. They said, “Pilgrims in consecration (um‘mār)[3]; you have nothing to fear from them.” The Companions of the Messenger of Allah conferred—it was the last day of Rajab—and they said, “If you kill them, you will indeed be killing them in the Sacred Month; but if you leave them, they will enter Mecca tonight and then they will be protected from you.” So the men resolved to kill them. Wāqid ibn ‘Abdullāh al-Tamīmī shot ‘Amr ibn al-Ḥaḍramī with an arrow and killed him. ‘Uthmān ibn ‘Abdullāh and al-Ḥakam ibn Kaysān sought security[4], and al-Mughīrah fled and escaped them. They seized the caravan and brought it to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his Family). He said to them, “By Allah, I did not command you to fight in the Sacred Month,” and he detained the two captives and the caravan and did not take anything from it. The men were distraught and thought they had perished.

وَ قَالَتْ قُرَيْشٌ:اِسْتَحَلَّ مُحَمَّدٌ الشَّهْرَ الْحَرَامِ؛فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ: يَسْئَلُونَكَ عَنِ الشَّهْرِ الْحَرٰامِ قِتٰالٍ فِيهِ الْآيَةَ[1]، فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ ذَلِكَ أَخَذَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)الْمَالَ وَ فِدَاءَ الْأَسِيرَيْنِ،وَ قَالَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ:نَطْمَعُ لَنَا أَنْ يَكُونَ غَزَاةً،فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِيهِمْ: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَ الَّذِينَ هٰاجَرُوا إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: أُولٰئِكَ يَرْجُونَ رَحْمَتَ اللّٰهِ وَ كَانَتْ هَذِهِ قَبْلَ بَدْرٍ بِشَهْرَيْنِ.

And Quraysh said, “Muḥammad has violated the sanctity of the Sacred Month!” So Allah, glorified is He, revealed: They ask you about fighting in the Sacred Month... the verse[1]. When that was revealed, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his Family) took the goods and the ransom for the two captives. The Muslims said, “We hope that this will count for us as an expedition.” Then Allah revealed about them: Surely those who believe and those who migrate... up to His saying: these hope for the mercy of Allah. And this was two months before Badr.

يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ قِتَالٍ فِيهِ قُلْ قِتَالٌ فِيهِ كَبِيرٌ وَصَدٌّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَكُفْرٌ بِهِ وَالْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَإِخْرَاجُ أَهْلِهِ مِنْهُ أَكْبَرُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ وَالْفِتْنَةُ أَكْبَرُ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ وَلَا يَزَالُونَ يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ حَتَّىٰ يَرُدُّوكُمْ عَنْ دِينِكُمْ إِنِ اسْتَطَاعُوا وَمَنْ يَرْتَدِدْ مِنْكُمْ عَنْ دِينِهِ فَيَمُتْ وَهُوَ كَافِرٌ فَأُولٰئِكَ حَبِطَتْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ وَأُولٰئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ[1]

They ask you about fighting in the sacred month. Say: Fighting therein is a great transgression; but to turn away from Allah's way and to deny Him, and to prevent access to the Sacred Mosque and to expel its people from it, is a greater transgression with Allah; and persecution is severer than slaughter. And they will not cease fighting with you until they turn you back from your religion, if they can; and whoever of you turns back from his religion, then he dies while an unbeliever—then these are they whose works shall be fruitless in this world and the hereafter, and they are the inmates of the fire; therein they shall abide. (al-Baqarah 2:217, M. H. Shakir)

قوله تعالى:

تِلْكَ آيٰاتُ اللّٰهِ نَتْلُوهٰا عَلَيْكَ بِالْحَقِّ[252]

These are the communications of Allah; We recite them to you with truth, and most surely you are one of the messengers. (al-Baqarah 2:252, M. H. Shakir)

99- _1- فُرَاتُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ:عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُوسَى صَاحِبِ الْأَكْسِيَةِ،قَالَ:سَمِعْتُ زَيْدَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ يَقُولُ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ:

تِلْكَ آيٰاتُ اللّٰهِ نَتْلُوهٰا عَلَيْكَ بِالْحَقِّ وَ مَا يَعْقِلُهَا إِلاَّ الْعَالِمُونَ،قَالَ زَيْدٌ:نَحْنُ هُمْ.ثُمَّ تَلاَ: بَلْ هُوَ آيٰاتٌ بَيِّنٰاتٌ فِي صُدُورِ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْعِلْمَ وَ مٰا يَجْحَدُ بِآيٰاتِنٰا إِلاَّ الظّٰالِمُونَ[2].

99-/_1- Furāt ibn Ibrāhīm: From Muḥammad ibn Mūsā, the owner of the garments, who said: I heard Zayd ibn ‘Alī say regarding this verse: “These are the communications of Allah; We recite them to you with truth; and none understands them except the learned.” Zayd said: “We are they.” Then he recited: “Nay! these are clear communications in the breasts of those who are granted knowledge; and none deny Our communications but the unjust.”[2]

بَلْ هُوَ آيَاتٌ بَيِّنَاتٌ فِي صُدُورِ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْعِلْمَ وَمَا يَجْحَدُ بِآيَاتِنَا إِلَّا الظَّالِمُونَ[2]

Nay! these are clear communications in the breasts of those who are granted knowledge; and none deny Our communications but the unjust. (al-‘Ankabūt 29:49, M. H. Shakir)

الهوامش:

[1] التوبة 9:41.

al-Tawbah 9:41.

[2] العشيرة:موضع بناحية ينبع.

al-‘Ushayrah: mawdi‘ bi-nāḥiyat Yanbu‘.

[3] أي معتمرون يريدون زيارة البيت الحرام.

ay mu‘tamirūn yurīdūna ziyārata al-bayti al-ḥarām.

[4] كذا في المصدر،و الظاهر استؤسر.

kadhā fī al-maṣdar, wa-ẓ-ẓāhir ustu’sira.

[1] البقرة 2:217.

al-Baqarah 2:217.

[2] العنكبوت 29:49.

al-‘Ankabūt 29:49.