S 2 A 154

بقرة آيه 154

99- _1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ،عَنْ أَبِي الْحَكَمِ الْأَرْمَنِيِّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ،عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ سَلِيطٍ الزَّيْدِيِّ.

قَالَ أَبُو الْحَكَمِ:وَ أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُمَارَةَ الْجَرْمِيُّ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ سَلِيطٍ،عَنِ الْإِمَامِ الْكَاظِمِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) -فِي حَدِيثٍ طَوِيلٍ ذَكَرَ فِيهِ النَّصَّ وَ الْإِشَارَةَ عَلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)-قَالَ:«يَا يَزِيدُ،إِنَّهَا وَدِيعَةٌ عِنْدَكَ فَلاَ تُخْبِرْ بِهَا إِلاَّ عَاقِلاً،أَوْ عَبْداً تَعْرِفُهُ صَادِقاً،وَ إِنْ سُئِلْتَ عَنِ الشَّهَادَةِ فَاشْهَدْ بِهَا،وَ هُوَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: إِنَّ اللّٰهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تُؤَدُّوا الْأَمٰانٰاتِ إِلىٰ أَهْلِهٰا [1]وَ قَالَ لَنَا أَيْضاً: وَ مَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّنْ كَتَمَ شَهٰادَةً عِنْدَهُ مِنَ اللّٰهِ ».

99- _1- (al-Kāfī 1:14/252): Muhammad b. Ya‘qūb, from Ahmad b. Mihrān, from Muhammad b. ‘Alī, from Abū al-Hakam al-Armanī, who said: ‘Abd Allāh b. Ibrāhīm b. ‘Alī b. ‘Abd Allāh b. Ja‘far b. Abī Tālib narrated to me, from Yazīd b. Salīt al-Zaydī. Abū al-Hakam said: And ‘Abd Allāh b. Muhammad b. ‘Umārah al-Jarmī also informed me from Yazīd b. Salīt, from Imām al-Kāzim (peace be upon him)—in a long narration in which he mentioned the explicit designation and indication to Abū al-Hasan al-Ridā (peace be upon him)—that he said: “O Yazīd, it is a trust with you, so do not inform of it except to an intelligent person, or to a servant whom you know to be truthful. And if you are asked to bear witness, then bear witness to it. And it is the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: ‘Surely Allah commands you to make over trusts to their owners’ [Qur’an 4:58, M. H. Shakir]. And He also said to us: ‘And who is more unjust than he who conceals a testimony that he has from Allah’ [Qur’an 2:140, M. H. Shakir].”

قَالَ اللّٰهُ تَعَالَى: إِنَّ اللّٰهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تُؤَدُّوا الْأَمٰانٰاتِ إِلىٰ أَهْلِهٰا

Translation (M. H. Shakir, Qur’an 4:58): Surely Allah commands you to make over trusts to their owners.

وَ مَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّنْ كَتَمَ شَهٰادَةً عِنْدَهُ مِنَ اللّٰهِ

Translation (M. H. Shakir, Qur’an 2:140): And who is more unjust than he who conceals a testimony that he has from Allah?

99- _2- (إِرْشَادُ الْقُلُوبِ):فِي خَبَرِ حُذَيْفَةَ بْنِ الْيَمَانِ -فِي حَدِيثٍ طَوِيلٍ يَذْكُرُ فِيهِ حَالَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ بَعْدَ خُطْبَةِ النَّبِيِّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)بِغَدِيرِ خُمٍّ مُنْصَرَفَهُ مِنْ حِجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ-قَالَ:فَلَمَّا أَرَادَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)الْمَسِيرَ أَتَوْهُ،فَقَالَ لَهُمْ:«فِيمَ كُنْتُمْ تَتَنَاجَوْنَ فِي يَوْمِكُمْ هَذَا،وَ قَدْ نَهَيْتُكُمْ عَنِ النَّجْوَى»؟ فَقَالُوا:يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا الْتَقَيْنَا غَيْرَ وَقْتِنَا هَذَا؛فَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهِمُ النَّبِيُّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)مَلِيّاً،ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُمْ:«أَنْتُمْ أَعْلَمُ أَمِ اللَّهُ، وَ مَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّنْ كَتَمَ شَهٰادَةً عِنْدَهُ مِنَ اللّٰهِ وَ مَا اللّٰهُ بِغٰافِلٍ عَمّٰا تَعْمَلُونَ ».

99- _2- (Irshād al-Qulūb: 333): In the report of Hudhayfah b. al-Yamān—in a long narration in which he mentions the state of the hypocrites after the Prophet (blessings of Allah be upon him and his family) delivered the sermon at Ghadīr Khumm upon his return from the Farewell Pilgrimage—he said: When the Messenger of Allah (blessings be upon him and his family) intended to depart, they came to him. He said to them: “What were you whispering about on this day of yours, even though I forbade you from secret counsel?” They said: O Messenger of Allah, we did not meet except at this moment of ours. The Prophet (blessings be upon him and his family) looked at them for a long while, then said to them: “Are you more knowing, or is Allah? ‘And who is more unjust than he who conceals a testimony that he has from Allah? And Allah is not heedless of what you do’ [Qur’an 2:140, M. H. Shakir].”

قوله تعالى:

وَ لاٰ تَقُولُوا لِمَنْ يُقْتَلُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللّٰهِ أَمْوٰاتٌ بَلْ أَحْيٰاءٌ وَ لٰكِنْ لاٰ تَشْعُرُونَ[154]

Translation (M. H. Shakir, Qur’an 2:154): And do not speak of those who are slain in Allah’s way as dead; nay, (they are) alive, but you do not perceive.

99- _3- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ،عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ،عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ ظَبْيَانَ،قَالَ: كُنْتُ عِنْدَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،فَقَالَ:«مَا يَقُولُ النَّاسُ فِي أَرْوَاحِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ؟».فَقُلْتُ:يَقُولُونَ:تَكُونُ فِي حَوَاصِلِ طُيُورٍ خُضْرٍ فِي قَنَادِيلَ تَحْتَ الْعَرْشِ.

فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ!اَلْمُؤْمِنُ أَكْرَمُ عَلَى اللَّهِ مِنْ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ رُوحَهُ فِي حَوْصَلَةِ طَيْرٍ.يَا يُونُسُ، إِذَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ أَتَاهُ مُحَمَّدٌ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)وَ عَلِيٌّ وَ فَاطِمَةُ وَ الْحَسَنُ وَ الْحُسَيْنُ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)وَ الْمَلاَئِكَةُ الْمُقَرَّبُونَ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)،

99- _3- (al-Kāfī 3:6/245): Muhammad b. Ya‘qūb, from Muhammad b. Yahyā, from Ahmad b. Muhammad b. ‘Īsā, from Muhammad b. Khālid, from al-Qāsim b. Muhammad, from al-Husayn b. Ahmad, from Yūnus b. Zabiyān, who said: I was with Abū ‘Abd Allāh (peace be upon him), and he said: “What do people say about the spirits of the believers?” I said: They say: They are in the crops of green birds, in lamps beneath the Throne. Abū ‘Abd Allāh (peace be upon him) said: “Glory be to Allah! The believer is more honored by Allah than that He would place his spirit in the crop of a bird. O Yūnus, when that occurs, Muhammad (blessings of Allah be upon him and his family) and ‘Alī and Fātimah and al-Hasan and al-Husayn (peace be upon them), and the proximate angels (peace be upon them) come to him.

فَإِذَا قَبَضَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ صَيَّرَ تِلْكَ الرُّوحَ فِي قَالَبٍ كَقَالَبِهِ فِي الدُّنْيَا،فَيَأْكُلُونَ وَ يَشْرَبُونَ،فَإِذَا قَدِمَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقَادِمُ عَرَفُوهُ بِتِلْكَ الصُّورَةِ الَّتِي كَانَتْ فِي الدُّنْيَا».

وَ رَوَى الشَّيْخُ الطُّوسِيُّ فِي(التَّهْذِيبِ):عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَهْزِيَارَ،عَنِ الْحَسَنِ،عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،مِثْلَهُ [1].

And when Allah, Mighty and Majestic, takes him, He makes that spirit in a form like his form in the world, so they eat and drink; and when one who is to join them arrives, they recognize him by that very form which he had in the world.” And Shaykh al-Tūsī narrated in (al-Tahdhīb): from ‘Alī b. Mahzyār, from al-Hasan, from al-Qāsim b. Muhammad, the like of it [1].

99- _1- وَ فِي(التَّهْذِيبِ):عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ،عَنْ حَمَّادٍ،عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ أَرْوَاحِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ؟فَقَالَ:«فِي الْجَنَّةِ عَلَى صُوَرِ أَبْدَانِهِمْ،لَوْ رَأَيْتَهُ لَقُلْتَ فُلاَنٌ».

99- _1- (al-Tahdhīb): From Ibn Abī ‘Umayr, from Hammād, from Abū Basīr, who said: I asked Abū ‘Abd Allāh (peace be upon him) about the spirits of the believers. He said: “In Paradise in the likeness of their bodies; if you saw him you would say, ‘So-and-so.’”

99- _2- وَ أَخْرَجَ أَحْمَدُ وَ مُسْلِمٌ وَ النَّسَائِيُّ وَ الْحَاكِمُ وَ صَحَّحَهُ،عَنْ أَنَسٍ،قَالَ:قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): «يُؤْتَى بِالرَّجُلِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ فَيَقُولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَهُ:يَا ابْنَ آدَمَ،كَيْفَ وَجَدْتَ مَنْزِلَكَ؟فَيَقُولُ:أَيْ رَبِّ خَيْرَ مَنْزِلٍ.فَيَقُولُ:

سَلْ وَ تَمَنَّ.فَيَقُولُ:أَسْأَلُكَ أَنْ تَرُدَّنِي إِلَى الدُّنْيَا فَأُقْتَلَ فِي سَبِيلِكَ عَشْرَ مَرَّاتٍ.لِمَا رَأَى مِنْ فَضْلِ الشَّهَادَةِ.

قَالَ:«وَ يُؤْتَى بِالرَّجُلِ مِنْ أَهْلِ النَّارِ فَيَقُولُ اللَّهُ:يَا ابْنَ آدَمَ،كَيْفَ وَجَدْتَ مَنْزِلَكَ؟فَيَقُولُ:أَيْ رَبِّ،شَرَّ مَنْزِلِ.

فَيَقُولُ:فَتَفْتَدِي مِنْهُ بِطِلاَعِ الْأَرْضِ ذَهَباً؟فَيَقُولُ:نَعَمْ.فَيَقُولُ:كَذَبْتَ،قَدْ سَأَلْتُكَ دُونَ ذَلِكَ فَلَمْ تَفْعَلْ».

99- _2- (Musnad Ahmad 3:131, 239; Sahīh Muslim; Sunan al-Nasā’ī 6:36; al-Mustadrak of al-Hākim 2:75; al-Durr al-Manthūr 1:276; 2:377): Ahmad, Muslim, al-Nasā’ī, and al-Hākim (who graded it sound) have transmitted from Anas, who said: The Messenger of Allah (blessings be upon him and his family) said: “A man from the people of Paradise will be brought, and Allah, Mighty and Majestic, will say to him: ‘O son of Adam, how did you find your abode?’ He will say: ‘O Lord, the best abode.’ He will say: ‘Ask and wish.’ He will say: ‘I ask You to return me to the world, so that I may be killed in Your way ten times,’ because of what he has seen of the excellence of martyrdom. He said: ‘And a man from the people of the Fire will be brought, and Allah will say: ‘O son of Adam, how did you find your abode?’ He will say: ‘O Lord, the worst abode.’ He will say: ‘Would you ransom yourself from it with the fill of the earth in gold?’ He will say: ‘Yes.’ He will say: ‘You have lied; I asked you for less than that, but you did not do it.’”

قوله تعالى:

إِلاَّ الَّذِينَ تٰابُوا وَ أَصْلَحُوا وَ بَيَّنُوا فَأُولٰئِكَ أَتُوبُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَ أَنَا التَّوّٰابُ الرَّحِيمُ[160]

Translation (M. H. Shakir, Qur’an 2:160): Except those who repent and amend and make manifest (the truth), these it is to whom I turn (mercifully), and I am the Oft-returning (to mercy), the Merciful.

99- _3- (التَّفْسِيرُ الْمَنْسُوبُ إِلَى الْإِمَامِ الْعَسْكَرِيِّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: إِلاَّ الَّذِينَ تٰابُوا مِنْ كِتْمَانِهِ وَ أَصْلَحُوا أَعْمَالَهُمْ،وَ أَصْلَحُوا مَا كَانُوا أَفْسَدُوهُ بِسُوءِ التَّأْوِيلِ،فَجَحَدُوا بِهِ فَضْلَ الْفَاضِلِ وَ اسْتِحْقَاقَ الْمُحِقِّ، وَ بَيَّنُوا مَا ذَكَرَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى مِنْ نَعْتِ مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)وَ صِفَتِهِ،وَ مِنْ ذِكْرِ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)وَ حِلْيَتِهِ،وَ مَا ذَكَرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) فَأُولٰئِكَ أَتُوبُ عَلَيْهِمْ أَقْبَلُ تَوْبَتَهُمْ وَ أَنَا التَّوّٰابُ الرَّحِيمُ ».

99- _3- (al-Tafsīr al-mansūb ilā al-Imām al-‘Askarī, p. 333/571): “Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: ‘Except those who repent from concealing it, and rectify their deeds, and rectify what they had corrupted by their evil interpretation—by which they denied the virtue of the virtuous and the due right of the rightful—and who make clear what Allah, Exalted, mentioned of the description of Muhammad (blessings be upon him and his family) and his qualities, and of the mention of ‘Alī (peace be upon him) and his adornment, and what the Messenger of Allah (blessings be upon him and his family) mentioned—then those, I will turn to them; I accept their repentance, and I am the Oft-returning (to mercy), the Merciful.’”

قوله تعالى:

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَ مٰاتُوا وَ هُمْ كُفّٰارٌ أُولٰئِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ لَعْنَةُ اللّٰهِ وَ الْمَلاٰئِكَةِ وَ النّٰاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ* خٰالِدِينَ فِيهٰا لاٰ يُخَفَّفُ عَنْهُمُ الْعَذٰابُ وَ لاٰ هُمْ يُنْظَرُونَ[161-162]

Translation (M. H. Shakir, Qur’an 2:161–162): Surely those who disbelieve and die while they are unbelievers, these it is on whom is the curse of Allah and the angels and men all; Abiding in it; their chastisement shall not be lightened nor shall they be given respite.

المراجع

_1) -الكافي 1:14/252.

-kāfī 1:14/252.

_2) -إرشاد القلوب:333.

-Irshād al-qulūb: 333.

_3) -الكافي 3:6/245.

-kāfī 3:6/245.

[1] النساء:58.

-al-Nisā’: 58.

_1) -التهذيب 1:1527/466،عنه مجمع البيان 1:434.

-al-Tahdhīb 1:1527/466; ‘anhu Majma‘ al-bayān 1:434.

_2) -مسند أحمد 3:131 و 239،سنن النسائي 6:36،مستدرك الحاكم 2:75،الدّر المنثور 1:276 و 2:377.

-Musnad Ahmad 3:131, 239; Sunan al-Nasā’ī 6:36; Mustadrak al-Hākim 2:75; al-Durr al-manthūr 1:276; 2:377.

_3) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السّلام):333/571.

-al-Tafsīr al-mansūb ilā al-Imām al-‘Askarī (alayhi al-salām): 333/571.

[1] التهذيب 1:1526/466،عنه مجمع البيان 1:434.

-al-Tahdhīb 1:1526/466; ‘anhu Majma‘ al-bayān 1:434.