S 95 Ayat 1 to 8
قوله تعالى:
بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ وَ التِّينِ وَ الزَّيْتُونِ* وَ طُورِ سِينِينَ* وَ هٰذَا الْبَلَدِ الْأَمِينِ* لَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الْإِنْسٰانَ فِي أَحْسَنِ تَقْوِيمٍ* ثُمَّ رَدَدْنٰاهُ أَسْفَلَ سٰافِلِينَ* إِلاَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَ عَمِلُوا الصّٰالِحٰاتِ فَلَهُمْ أَجْرٌ غَيْرُ مَمْنُونٍ* فَمٰا يُكَذِّبُكَ بَعْدُ بِالدِّينِ* أَ لَيْسَ اللّٰهُ بِأَحْكَمِ الْحٰاكِمِينَ [1-8]
In the Name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful
1. “By the fig and the olive,
2. And mount Sinai,
3. And this city made secure,
4. Certainly We created man in the best make.
5. Then We render him the lowest of the low,
6. Except those who believe and do good; so theirs is a reward never to be cut off.
7. Then who can give you the lie after (this) about the judgment?
8. Is not Allah the best of the Judges?”
99-/11737 _1- ابْنِ بَابَوَيْهِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنِ يَحْيَى الْعَطَّارُ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ ابْنِ خَالِدٍ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الرَّازِيِّ،عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ،عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ بَكْرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ آبَائِهِ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ:«قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى اخْتَارَ مِنَ الْبُلْدَانِ أَرْبَعَةً،فَقَالَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ التِّينِ وَ الزَّيْتُونِ* وَ طُورِ سِينِينَ* وَ هٰذَا الْبَلَدِ الْأَمِينِ التِّينُ:اَلْمَدِينَةُ، وَ الزَّيْتُونُ:بَيْتُ الْمَقْدِسِ،وَ طُورُ سِينِينَ:اَلْكُوفَةُ،وَ هَذَا الْبَلَدُ الْأَمِينُ:مَكَّةُ».
99-/11737 Ibn Bābawayh said: My father narrated to me, who said: Muḥammad ibn Yaḥyā al-ʿAṭṭār narrated to us, who said: Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Khālid narrated to us, who said: Abū ʿAbdillāh al-Rāzī narrated to me, from al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī ibn Abī ʿUthmān, from Mūsā ibn Bakr, from Abū al-Ḥasan Mūsā ibn Jaʿfar, from his father, from his forefathers (peace be upon them), who said:
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: “Verily Allah, Blessed and Exalted, has chosen four cities from among the lands. He, the Mighty and Majestic, said: ‘By the fig and the olive, And mount Sinai, And this city made secure’ [Qur’an 95:1–3].
The fig: [refers to] al-Madīnah. The olive: [refers to] Bayt al-Maqdis (Jerusalem). Mount Sinai: [refers to] al-Kūfah. And this city made secure: [refers to] Makkah.”
99-/11738 _2- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ هَمَّامٍ،عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْعَلاَءِ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ شَمُّونٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْأَصَمِّ،عَنِ الْبَطَلِ،عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ،قَالَ:سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَقُولُ: «قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: وَ التِّينِ وَ الزَّيْتُونِ التِّينُ:اَلْحَسَنُ،وَ الزَّيْتُونُ:اَلْحُسَيْنُ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)».
99-/11738 Muḥammad ibn al-ʿAbbās said: Muḥammad ibn Hammām narrated to us, from ʿAbdullāh ibn al-ʿAlāʾ, from Muḥammad ibn Shamʿūn, from ʿAbdullāh ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Aṣamm, from al-Baṭal, from Jamīl ibn Darrāj, who said:
I heard Abū ʿAbdillāh (peace be upon him) say: The saying of Allah, the Exalted: “By the fig and the olive” — The fig refers to al-Ḥasan, and the olive refers to al-Ḥusayn (peace be upon them both).
99-/11739 _3- وَ عَنْهُ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنْ يُونُسَ،عَنْ يَحْيَى الْحَلَبِيِّ،عَنْ بَدْرِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ،عَنْ أَبِي الرَّبِيعِ الشَّامِيِّ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: وَ التِّينِ وَ الزَّيْتُونِ* وَ طُورِ سِينِينَ ،قَالَ:«التِّينُ وَ الزَّيْتُونُ:اَلْحَسَنُ وَ الْحُسَيْنُ،وَ طُورُ سِينِينَ:عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)».
قُلْتُ:قَوْلُهُ: فَمٰا يُكَذِّبُكَ بَعْدُ بِالدِّينِ ؟قَالَ:«الدِّينُ:وَلاَيَةُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)».
99-/11739 And from him: He said: al-Ḥusayn ibn Aḥmad narrated to us, from Muḥammad ibn ʿĪsā, from Yūnus, from Yaḥyā al-Ḥalabī, from Badr ibn al-Walīd, from Abū al-Rabīʿ al-Shāmī, from Abū ʿAbdillāh (peace be upon him), regarding the saying of the Most High:
"By the fig and the olive * And Mount Sinai" [95:1–2]
He said: “The fig and the olive” refer to al-Ḥasan and al-Ḥusayn, and “Mount Sinai” refers to ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib (peace be upon them all).
I said: What is the meaning of His saying: "Then what makes you reject after this the judgment?" [95:7] He said: “The judgment (al-dīn) is the guardianship (wilāyah) of ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib (peace be upon him).”
_1) -معاني الأخبار:1/364.
_2) -تأويل الآيات 2:1/813.
_3) -تأويل الآيات 2:2/813.
Page 692 in Arabic
99-/11740 _4- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ،عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ [1]،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ ابْنِ الْفُضَيْلِ،قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):أَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ التِّينِ وَ الزَّيْتُونِ إِلَى آخِرِ السُّورَةِ،فَقَالَ:«التِّينُ وَ الزَّيْتُونُ:اَلْحَسَنُ وَ الْحُسَيْنُ».
قُلْتُ: وَ هٰذَا الْبَلَدِ الْأَمِينِ ؟قَالَ:«هُوَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،أَمِنَ النَّاسُ بِهِ مِنَ النَّارِ إِذَا أَطَاعُوهُ».
99-/11740 And from him: From Muḥammad ibn al-Qāsim, from Muḥammad ibn Zayd, from Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad ibn Saʿīd, from Muḥammad ibn al-Fuḍayl, he said:
I said to Abū al-Ḥasan al-Riḍā (peace be upon him): Inform me about the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "By the fig and the olive..." until the end of the sūrah. [95:1–8]
He said: "The fig and the olive" refer to al-Ḥasan and al-Ḥusayn.
I said: And “this secure city”?
He said: It is the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) — through him, the people are safe from the Fire if they obey him.
قُلْتُ: لَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الْإِنْسٰانَ فِي أَحْسَنِ تَقْوِيمٍ ؟قَالَ:«ذَاكَ أَبُو فَصِيلٍ حِينَ أَخَذَ اللَّهُ الْمِيثَاقَ لَهُ بِالرُّبُوبِيَّةِ، وَ لِمُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)بِالنُّبُوَّةِ،وَ لِأَوْصِيَائِهِ بِالْوَلاَيَةِ،فَأَقَرَّ وَ قَالَ:نَعَمْ،أَ لاَ تَرَى أَنَّهُ قَالَ: ثُمَّ رَدَدْنٰاهُ أَسْفَلَ سٰافِلِينَ يَعْنِي الدَّرْكَ الْأَسْفَلَ حِينَ نَكَصَ وَ فَعَلَ بِآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)مَا فَعَلَ؟».
99-/11740 (continued) I said: “Certainly We created man in the best make” [95:4]?
He said: That refers to Abū Faṣīl, when Allah took the covenant from him for His Lordship, for Muḥammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) for prophethood, and for his successors for wilayah (divinely appointed authority). He acknowledged and said, ‘Yes.’ Do you not see that He said: “Then We render him the lowest of the low” [95:5] —that is, the lowest depths (of Hell), when he turned back and did what he did to the family of Muḥammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family)?*
قَالَ:قُلْتُ: إِلاَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَ عَمِلُوا الصّٰالِحٰاتِ ؟قَالَ:«هُوَ وَ اللَّهِ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)وَ شِيعَتُهُ فَلَهُمْ أَجْرٌ غَيْرُ مَمْنُونٍ ».
قَالَ:قُلْتُ: فَمٰا يُكَذِّبُكَ بَعْدُ بِالدِّينِ ؟قَالَ:«مَهْلاً مَهْلاً،لاَ تَقُلْ هَكَذَا،[هَذَا]هُوَ الْكُفْرُ بِاللَّهِ،لاَ وَ اللَّهِ مَا كَذَّبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)بِاللَّهِ طَرْفَةَ عَيْنٍ»قَالَ:قُلْتُ:فَكَيْفَ هِيَ؟قَالَ:«فَمَنْ يُكَذِّبُكَ بَعْدُ بِالدَّيْنِ،وَ الدِّينُ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) أَ لَيْسَ اللّٰهُ بِأَحْكَمِ الْحٰاكِمِينَ ».
99-/11740 (continued) He said: I said, “Except those who believe and do good” [95:6]?
He said: By Allah, it is the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) and his Shīʿa. So for them is a reward never to be cut off.
He said: I said, “Then what makes you reject after this the judgment?” [95:7]
He said: Wait, wait—do not say it like that. This is disbelief in Allah! No, by Allah, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) never disbelieved in Allah, not even for the blink of an eye.
He said: I said, Then how is it to be understood?
He said: Then who will reject you after this regarding the religion? And the religion is the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him). Is not Allah the best of judges? [95:8]
99-/11741 _5- شَرَفُ الدِّينِ النَّجَفِيُّ،قَالَ:رَوَى عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي(تَفْسِيرِهِ):عَنْ يَحْيَى الْحَلَبِيِّ،عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ،عَنْ أَبِي الرَّبِيعِ الشَّامِيِّ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ التِّينِ وَ الزَّيْتُونِ* وَ طُورِ سِينِينَ ،قَالَ:«التِّينُ وَ الزَّيْتُونُ:اَلْحَسَنُ وَ الْحُسَيْنُ،وَ طُورُ سِينِينَ:عَلِيٌّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)».وَ قَوْلُهُ: فَمٰا يُكَذِّبُكَ بَعْدُ بِالدِّينِ ،قَالَ:«[الدِّينُ]أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)».
99-/11741 Sharaf al-Dīn al-Najafī said: ʿAlī ibn Ibrāhīm narrated in his Tafsīr from Yaḥyā al-Ḥalabī, from ʿAbd Allāh ibn Musakān, from Abū al-Rabīʿ al-Shāmī, from Abū ʿAbd Allāh (peace be upon him), regarding the saying of the Almighty: “By the fig and the olive, and Mount Sinai” [95:1–2], he said: “The fig and the olive” refers to al-Ḥasan and al-Ḥusayn, and “Mount Sinai” refers to ʿAlī (peace be upon him).
And regarding His saying: “Then what makes you reject after this the judgment?” [95:7], he said: “[The religion] is the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him).”
/11742 _6-ابن شهر آشوب:عن أبي معاوية الضرير،عن الأعمش،عن سمي،عن أبي صالح،عن أبي هريرة و ابن عبّاس،في قوله تعالى: فَمٰا يُكَذِّبُكَ بَعْدُ بِالدِّينِ يقول:يا محمد،لا يكذبك عليّ بن أبي طالب بعد ما آمن بالحساب.
99-/11742 Ibn Shahr Āshūb: from Abū Muʿāwiyah al-Ḍarīr, from al-Aʿmash, from Sumayy, from Abū Ṣāliḥ, from Abū Hurayrah and Ibn ʿAbbās, regarding the saying of the Almighty: “Then what makes you reject after this the judgment?” [95:7] — they said: “O Muḥammad, ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib will not deny you after he has believed in the reckoning.”
_4) -تأويل الآيات 2:2:4/814.
_5) -تأويل الآيات 2:3/813.
_6) -المناقب 2:118.
[1] في النسخ:إبراهيم بن محمّد بن سعد.
Translation of Footnote [1]: In the copies: Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad ibn Saʿd.
Page 693 in Arabic
99-/11743 _7- وَ عَنِ الْبَاقِرِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: إِلاَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَ عَمِلُوا الصّٰالِحٰاتِ ،قَالَ:«ذَاكَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ شِيعَتُهُ فَلَهُمْ أَجْرٌ غَيْرُ مَمْنُونٍ ».
99-/11743 And from al-Bāqir (peace be upon him), regarding the saying of the Most High: “Except those who believe and do good; so theirs is a reward never to be cut off” [Surah al-Tīn 95:6], he said: “That refers to the Commander of the Faithful and his Shīʿah; so theirs is a reward never to be cut off.”
/11744 _8-(كتاب أحمد بن عبد اللّه المؤدّب):عن أبي معاوية الضرير،عن الأعمش،عن أبي صالح،عن أبي هريرة،و ابن عبّاس،و في تفسير ابن جريج،عن عطاء،عن ابن عبّاس،في قوله تعالى: أَ لَيْسَ اللّٰهُ بِأَحْكَمِ الْحٰاكِمِينَ
وَ قَدْ دَخَلَتِ الرِّوَايَاتُ بَعْضُهَا فِي بَعْضٍ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)انْتَبَهَ مِنْ نَوْمِهِ فِي بَيْتِ أُمِّ هَانِئٍ فَزِعاً، فَسَأَلَتْهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ،فَقَالَ:«يَا أُمَّ هَانِئٍ،إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَرَضَ عَلَيَّ فِي الْمَنَامِ الْقِيَامَةَ وَ أَهْوَالَهَا،وَ الْجَنَّةَ وَ نَعِيمَهَا،وَ النَّارَ وَ مَا فِيهَا وَ عَذَابَهَا،فَاطَّلَعْتُ فِي النَّارِ فَإِذَا أَنَا بِمُعَاوِيَةَ وَ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ قَائِمَيْنِ فِي حَرِّ جَهَنَّمَ،يَرْضَخُ رَأْسَيْهِمَا الزَّبَانِيَةُ بِحِجَارَةٍ مِنْ جَمْرِ جَهَنَّمَ،يَقُولُونَ لَهُمَا هَلاَّ آمَنْتُمَا بِوَلاَيَةِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)؟» قال ابن عبّاس:
فيخرج علي(عليه السلام)من حجاب العظمة ضاحكا مستبشرا،و ينادي:حكم لي ربي و ربّ الكعبة،فذلك قوله تعالى: أَ لَيْسَ اللّٰهُ بِأَحْكَمِ الْحٰاكِمِينَ فينبعث الخبيث إلى النار،و يقوم علي في الموقف يشفع في أصحابه و أهل بيته و شيعته.
99-/11744 (In the book of Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Muʾaddib): From Abū Muʿāwiyah al-Ḍarīr, from al-Aʿmash, from Abū Ṣāliḥ, from Abū Hurayrah and Ibn ʿAbbās; and in the tafsīr of Ibn Jurayj, from ʿAṭāʾ, from Ibn ʿAbbās, regarding the saying of the Most High: “Is not Allah the best of Judges?” [Surah al-Tīn 95:8] —
And the narrations have merged together in content: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) awoke startled from his sleep in the house of Umm Hānī, so she asked him about that. He said: “O Umm Hānī, indeed Allah, Mighty and Majestic, presented to me in a dream the Day of Judgment and its terrors, Paradise and its delights, and the Fire and what is in it of punishment. I looked into the Fire, and behold — there were Muʿāwiyah and ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀṣ standing amidst the blazing heat of Hell, with the Zabāniyah smashing their heads with stones from the burning coals of Hell. They say to them: ‘Why did you not believe in the wilāyah of ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib (peace be upon him)?’”
Ibn ʿAbbās said: Then ʿAlī (peace be upon him) emerges from the veil of divine majesty, laughing and rejoicing, and proclaims: “My Lord has judged in my favor, by the Lord of the Kaʿbah.” That is the saying of the Most High: “Is not Allah the best of Judges?” [Surah al-Tīn 95:8]
So the wicked are cast into the Fire, and ʿAlī stands at the place of standing (on the Day of Judgment), interceding on behalf of his companions, his household, and his Shīʿah.
/11745 _9-علي بن إبراهيم،في معنى السورة:قوله: وَ التِّينِ وَ الزَّيْتُونِ* وَ طُورِ سِينِينَ* وَ هٰذَا الْبَلَدِ الْأَمِينِ التين:المدينة،و الزيتون:بيت المقدس،و طور سينين:الكوفة،و هذا البلد الأمين:مكّة.
99-/11745 ʿAlī ibn Ibrāhīm, in the interpretation of the sūrah: His saying “By the fig and the olive, and Mount Sinai, and this secure city” [Surah al-Tīn 95:1–3] — The fig refers to Madīnah, the olive refers to Bayt al-Maqdis (Jerusalem), Mount Sinai refers to Kūfah, and this secure city refers to Makkah.
/11746 _10-علي بن إبراهيم أيضا:قوله: وَ التِّينِ وَ الزَّيْتُونِ* وَ طُورِ سِينِينَ* وَ هٰذَا الْبَلَدِ الْأَمِينِ ، قال:التين:رسول اللّه(صلّى اللّه عليه و آله)،و الزيتون:أمير المؤمنين(عليه السلام)،و طور سينين:الحسن و الحسين(عليهما السلام)، و البلد الأمين:الأئمة(عليهم السلام) لَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الْإِنْسٰانَ فِي أَحْسَنِ تَقْوِيمٍ قال:نزلت في الأول ثُمَّ رَدَدْنٰاهُ أَسْفَلَ سٰافِلِينَ* إِلاَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَ عَمِلُوا الصّٰالِحٰاتِ ،قال:ذلك أمير المؤمنين(عليه السلام) فَلَهُمْ أَجْرٌ غَيْرُ مَمْنُونٍ أي لا يمن عليهم به ثمّ قال لنبيه(صلّى اللّه عليه و آله): فَمٰا يُكَذِّبُكَ بَعْدُ بِالدِّينِ ،قال:ذلك أمير المؤمنين(عليه السلام) أَ لَيْسَ اللّٰهُ بِأَحْكَمِ الْحٰاكِمِينَ .
99-/11746 ʿAlī ibn Ibrāhīm also said regarding His statement: “By the fig and the olive, and Mount Sinai, and this secure city” [Surah al-Tīn 95:1–3], he said: The fig refers to the Messenger of Allah (ṣallallāhu ʿalayhi wa ālihi), the olive refers to the Commander of the Faithful (ʿalayhis-salām), Mount Sinai refers to al-Ḥasan and al-Ḥusayn (ʿalayhimā-s-salām), and this secure city refers to the Imāms (ʿalayhimus-salām).
“Surely We created man in the best mould” — he said: this was revealed concerning the first one. “Then We render him the lowest of the low — except those who believe and do good deeds” — he said: that is the Commander of the Faithful (ʿalayhis-salām), “for theirs shall be a reward never to be cut off.” — meaning, it is not counted as a favor over them.
Then He said to His Prophet (ṣallallāhu ʿalayhi wa ālihi): “So who can give you the lie after (this) about the judgment?” — he said: that is the Commander of the Faithful (ʿalayhis-salām), “Is not Allah the best of the judges?” [Surah al-Tīn 95:4–8].
_7) -المناقب 2:122.
_8) -....
_9) -الخصال:58/255.
_10) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:429.
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