S 3 A 145-146

99-/1940 _9-

عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ أَبِي الْمِقْدَامِ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):إِنَّ الْعَامَّةَ تَزْعُمُ أَنَّ بَيْعَةَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ حَيْثُ اجْتَمَعَ لَهَا النَّاسُ كَانَتْ رِضًا لِلَّهِ،وَ مَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيَفْتِنَ أُمَّةَ مُحَمَّدٍ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ.

فَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«أَ وَ مَا يَقْرَءُونَ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ؟أَ لَيْسَ اللَّهُ يَقُولُ: وَ مٰا مُحَمَّدٌ إِلاّٰ رَسُولٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ الرُّسُلُ أَ فَإِنْ مٰاتَ أَوْ قُتِلَ انْقَلَبْتُمْ عَلىٰ أَعْقٰابِكُمْ ؟»الْآيَةَ.

قَالَ:فَقُلْتُ لَهُ:إِنَّهُمْ يُفَسِّرُونَ هَذَا عَلَى وَجْهٍ آخَرَ.

قَالَ:فَقَالَ:«أَ وَ لَيْسَ قَدْ أَخْبَرَ اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ مِنَ الْأُمَمِ أَنَّهُمُ اخْتَلَفُوا مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَتْهُمُ الْبَيِّنَاتُ،حِينَ قَالَ: وَ آتَيْنٰا عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ الْبَيِّنٰاتِ وَ أَيَّدْنٰاهُ بِرُوحِ الْقُدُسِ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ آمَنَ وَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ كَفَرَ [1]الْآيَةَ،فَفِي هَذَا مَا يُسْتَدَلُّ بِهِ عَلَى أَنَّ أَصْحَابَ مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)قَدِ اخْتَلَفُوا مِنْ بَعْدِهِ،فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ آمَنَ، وَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ كَفَرَ».

99-/1940 _9- Amr b. Abi al-Miqdam, from his father, said: I said to Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), “The common people claim that Abu Bakr’s pledge of allegiance—since people gathered for it—was pleasing to Allah, and that Allah would not put the Ummah of Muhammad to trial after him.” Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) said, “Do they not read the Book of Allah? Does not Allah say: And Muhammad is no more than an apostle; the apostles have already passed away before him; if then he dies or is killed, will you turn back upon your heels? [the verse].” I said to him, “They interpret this in another way.” He said, “Has not Allah informed about the previous nations that they differed after clear proofs had come to them, when He said: And We gave Jesus, son of Mary, clear signs and strengthened him with the Holy Spirit ... to His saying: so of them are those who believed and of them are those who disbelieved [1] the verse? In this is evidence that the Companions of Muhammad (may Allah bless him and his family) differed after him: among them were those who believed and among them were those who disbelieved.”

99-/1941 _10-

عَنْ عَبْدِ الصَّمَدِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ «تَدْرُونَ مَاتَ النَّبِيُّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)أَوْ قُتِلَ،إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ: أَ فَإِنْ مٰاتَ أَوْ قُتِلَ انْقَلَبْتُمْ عَلىٰ أَعْقٰابِكُمْ فَسُمَّ قَبْلَ الْمَوْتِ،إِنَّهُمَا سَقَتَاهُ»فَقُلْنَا:إِنَّهُمَا وَ أَبَوَيْهِمَا شَرُّ مَنْ خَلَقَ اللَّهُ.

99-/1941 _10- ‘Abd al-Samad b. Bashir, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), said: “Do you know whether the Prophet (may Allah bless him and his family) died or was killed? Indeed, Allah says: if then he dies or is killed, will you turn back upon your heels. So, he was poisoned before death; those two made him drink it.” We said, “Those two—and their parents—are the worst whom Allah created.”

99-/1942 _11-

عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ الْمُنْذِرِ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ قَوْلِهِ: أَ فَإِنْ مٰاتَ أَوْ قُتِلَ انْقَلَبْتُمْ عَلىٰ أَعْقٰابِكُمْ الْقَتْلُ أَوِ الْمَوْتُ؟قَالَ:«يَعْنِي أَصْحَابَهُ الَّذِينَ فَعَلُوا مَا فَعَلُوا».

99-/1942 _11- Al-Husayn b. al-Mundhir said: I asked Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) about His saying: if then he dies or is killed, will you turn back upon your heels—was it killing or death? He said, “It refers to his Companions who did what they did.”

قوله تعالى:

وَ مٰا كٰانَ لِنَفْسٍ أَنْ تَمُوتَ إِلاّٰ بِإِذْنِ اللّٰهِ كِتٰاباً مُؤَجَّلاً وَ مَنْ يُرِدْ ثَوٰابَ الدُّنْيٰا نُؤْتِهِ مِنْهٰا وَ مَنْ يُرِدْ ثَوٰابَ الْآخِرَةِ نُؤْتِهِ مِنْهٰا وَ سَنَجْزِي الشّٰاكِرِينَ وَ كَأَيِّنْ مِنْ نَبِيٍّ قٰاتَلَ مَعَهُ رِبِّيُّونَ كَثِيرٌ فَمٰا وَهَنُوا لِمٰا أَصٰابَهُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللّٰهِ وَ مٰا ضَعُفُوا وَ مَا اسْتَكٰانُوا وَ اللّٰهُ يُحِبُّ الصّٰابِرِينَ [آل عمران 145-146]

And no soul can ever die except by Allah’s leave, at a term appointed; and whoever desires the reward of this world, We will give him of it, and whoever desires the reward of the hereafter, We will give him of it; and We will reward the grateful. And how many a prophet has fought with whom were many worshippers of the Lord; so they did not become weak-hearted on account of what befell them in Allah’s way, nor did they weaken, nor did they abase themselves; and Allah loves the patient. (Ali ‘Imran 3:145-146) [M. H. Shakir]

99-/1943 _1-

الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ الصَّيْقَلِ،أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ جَعْفَرَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ) يَقْرَأُ:«وَ كَأَيِّنْ مِنْ نَبِيٍّ قُتِلَ مَعَهُ رِبِّيُّونَ كَثِيرٌ»قَالَ:«أُلُوفٌ وَ أُلُوفٌ-ثُمَّ قَالَ-إِي وَ اللَّهِ يُقْتَلُونَ».

99-/1943 _1- Al-‘Ayyashi: From Mansur b. al-Sayqal, that he heard Abu ‘Abdillah Ja‘far b. Muhammad (peace be upon them) recite: “And how many a prophet was killed, with him were many worshippers of the Lord.” He said: “Thousands upon thousands.” Then he said, “Yes, by Allah, they are killed.”

_9) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:151/200.

_9) -Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:151/200.

_10) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:152/200.

_10) -Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:152/200.

_11) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:153/200.

_11) -Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:153/200.

_1) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:154/201.

_1) -Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:154/201.

[1] البقرة 2:253.

[1] al-Baqara 2:253.

[2] قال الطبرسيّ(رحمه اللّه):قرأ أهل البصرة و ابن كثير و نافع(قتل)بضم القاف بغير ألف،و هي قراءة ابن عبّاس،و الباقون«قاتل»بألف،و هي قراءة ابن مسعود.«مجمع البيان 2:853».

[2] Qala al-Tabrisi (rahimahu Allah): Qara’a Ahl al-Basra wa Ibn Kathir wa Nafi‘ (qutila) bi-damm al-qaaf bighayri alif, wa hiya qira’at Ibn ‘Abbas, wa al-baqun “qaatala” bi-alif, wa hiya qira’at Ibn Mas‘ud. “Majma‘ al-Bayan 2:853”.

99-/1944 _2-

الشَّيْخُ الْمُفِيدُ فِي(الْإِخْتِصَاصِ):فِي حَدِيثِ سَبْعِينَ مَنْقَبَةً لِأَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) دُونَ الصَّحَابَةِ،بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنِ ابْنِ دَأْبٍ،وَ ذَكَرَ مَنَاقِبَهُ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ:ثُمَّ تَرَكَ الْوَهْنَ وَ الاِسْتِكَانَةَ،إِنَّهُ انْصَرَفَ مِنْ أُحُدٍ وَ بِهِ ثَمَانُونَ جِرَاحَةً،تُدْخَلُ الْفَتَائِلُ مِنْ مَوْضِعٍ وَ تَخْرُجُ مِنْ مَوْضِعٍ،فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)عَائِداً وَ هُوَ مِثْلُ الْمُضْغَةِ عَلَى نَطْعٍ ،فَلَمَّا رَآهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)بَكَى وَ قَالَ لَهُ:«إِنَّ رَجُلاً يُصِيبُهُ هَذَا فِي اللَّهِ تَعَالَى لَحَقٌّ عَلَى اللَّهِ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ بِهِ وَ يَفْعَلَ»فَقَالَ مُجِيباً لَهُ وَ بَكَى:«بِأَبِي أَنْتَ وَ أُمِّي،الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي لَمْ يَرَنِي وَلَّيْتُ عَنْكَ وَ لاَ فَرَرْتُ،بِأَبِي أَنْتَ وَ أُمِّي كَيْفَ حُرِمْتُ الشَّهَادَةَ»قَالَ:«إِنَّهَا مِنْ وَرَائِكَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ».

قَالَ:فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):«إِنَّ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ قَدْ أَرْسَلَ مَوْعِدُهُ:بَيْنَنَا وَ بَيْنَكُمْ حَمْرَاءُ الْأَسَدِ»فَقَالَ:

«بِأَبِي أَنْتَ وَ أُمِّي،وَ اللَّهِ لَوْ حُمِلْتُ عَلَى أَيْدِي الرِّجَالِ مَا تَخَلَّفْتُ عَنْكَ»قَالَ:فَنَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ: وَ كَأَيِّنْ مِنْ نَبِيٍّ قٰاتَلَ مَعَهُ رِبِّيُّونَ كَثِيرٌ فَمٰا وَهَنُوا لِمٰا أَصٰابَهُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللّٰهِ وَ مٰا ضَعُفُوا وَ مَا اسْتَكٰانُوا وَ اللّٰهُ يُحِبُّ الصّٰابِرِينَ وَ نَزَلَتِ الْآيَةُ فِيهِ قَبْلَهَا: وَ مٰا كٰانَ لِنَفْسٍ أَنْ تَمُوتَ إِلاّٰ بِإِذْنِ اللّٰهِ كِتٰاباً مُؤَجَّلاً وَ مَنْ يُرِدْ ثَوٰابَ الدُّنْيٰا نُؤْتِهِ مِنْهٰا وَ مَنْ يُرِدْ ثَوٰابَ الْآخِرَةِ نُؤْتِهِ مِنْهٰا وَ سَنَجْزِي الشّٰاكِرِينَ .

ثُمَّ تَرَكَ الشِّكَايَةَ مِنْ أَلَمِ الْجِرَاحَاتِ،وَ شَكَتِ الْمَرْأَتَانِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)مَا يَلْقَى،وَ قَالَتَا:يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ،قَدْ خَشِينَا عَلَيْهِ مِمَّا تَدْخُلُ الْفَتَائِلُ فِي مَوْضِعِ الْجِرَاحَاتِ مِنْ مَوْضِعٍ إِلَى مَوْضِعٍ،وَ كِتْمَانِهِ مَا يَجِدُ مِنَ الْأَلَمِ.قَالَ:

فَعُدَّ مَا بِهِ مِنْ أَثَرِ الْجِرَاحَاتِ عِنْدَ خُرُوجِهِ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا،فَكَانَتْ أَلْفَ جِرَاحَةٍ مِنْ قَرْنِهِ إِلَى قَدَمِهِ(صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ).

99-/1944 _2- Shaykh al-Mufid in (al-Ikhtisas): In the report on seventy merits of the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) beyond the Companions, by his chain from Ibn Da’b, he listed his merits until he said: Then he abandoned weakness and submission—for he returned from Uhud with eighty wounds, the wicks being inserted at one place and coming out at another. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) entered upon him visiting him, and he was like a chewed piece on a leather mat. When the Messenger of Allah saw him, he wept and said to him, “A man who suffers this for the sake of Allah Most High—it is incumbent upon Allah to do for him and do for him.” He replied while weeping, “May my father and mother be your ransom! Praise be to Allah who did not let me be seen turning away from you or fleeing. May my father and mother be your ransom—how have I been deprived of martyrdom?” He said, “It is ahead of you, if Allah wills.” He (the narrator) said: The Messenger of Allah said to him, “Abu Sufyan has sent word setting an appointment: between us and you is Hamra’ al-Asad.” He said, “May my father and mother be your ransom! By Allah, even if I were carried upon men’s hands, I would not lag behind you.” He said: Then the Qur’an was revealed: And how many a prophet has fought with whom were many worshippers of the Lord; so they did not become weak-hearted on account of what befell them in Allah’s way, nor did they weaken, nor did they abase themselves; and Allah loves the patient. And the verse was revealed about him before it: And no soul can ever die except by Allah’s leave, at a term appointed; and whoever desires the reward of this world, We will give him of it, and whoever desires the reward of the hereafter, We will give him of it; and We will reward the grateful. Then he stopped complaining about the pain of the wounds, while the two women complained to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) about what he was suffering, saying, “O Messenger of Allah, we have feared for him because the wicks go through the sites of the wounds from place to place, and he conceals what he finds of pain.” He said: The marks of the wounds upon him were counted at his departure from this world, and they were a thousand wounds from his head to his feet (blessings of Allah be upon him).

/1945 _3-

قال عليّ بن إبراهيم:قوله تعالى: وَ كَأَيِّنْ مِنْ نَبِيٍّ قٰاتَلَ مَعَهُ رِبِّيُّونَ كَثِيرٌ إلى قوله تعالى: وَ مٰا كٰانَ لِنَبِيٍّ أَنْ يَغُلَّ يقول:كأين من نبي قبل محمد(صلّى اللّه عليه و آله)قتل معه ربيون كثير،و الربيون:الجموع الكثيرة، و الربوة الواحدة عشرة آلاف.

99-/1945 _3- ‘Ali b. Ibrahim said regarding His saying: And how many a prophet has fought, with him many worshippers of the Lord ... to His saying: And it is not for a prophet to act unfaithfully [Ali ‘Imran 3:161]: It means: How many a prophet before Muhammad (may Allah bless him and his family) a multitude of worshippers of the Lord were killed with him. Al-Ribbiyyun are great multitudes, and one ribwah is ten thousand.

99-/1946 _4-

أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الطَّبْرِسِيُّ:اَلرِّبِّيُّونَ عَشَرَةُ آلاَفٍ.وَ هُوَ الْمَرْوِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،يَقُولُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى:

فَمٰا وَهَنُوا لِمٰا أَصٰابَهُمْ مِنْ قَتْلِ نَبِيِّهِمْ.

99-/1946 _4- Abu ‘Ali al-Tabrisi: Al-Ribbiyyun are ten thousand, and this is narrated from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him). Allah the Exalted says: So they did not become weak on account of what befell them of the killing of their prophet.

99-/1947 _5-

وَ قَالَ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الطَّبْرِسِيُّ: مَنْ أَسْنَدَ الضَّمِيرَ الَّذِي فِي«قُتِلَ»إِلَى«نَبِيٍّ»،فَالْمَعْنَى:كَمْ مِنْ نَبِيٍّ قُتِلَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيِّ،وَ كَانَ مَعَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيِّ جَمَاعَةٌ كَثِيرَةٌ،فَقَاتَلَ أَصْحَابُهُ بَعْدَهُ وَ مَا وَهَنُوا وَ مَا فَتَرُوا.وَ قَالَ:فَعَلَى هَذَا يَكُونُ النَّبِيُّ الْمَقْتُولُ وَ الَّذِينَ مَعَهُ لاَ يَهِنُونَ،بَيْنَ اللَّهِ سُبْحَانَهُ لَوْ كَانَ قُتِلَ النَّبِيُّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)كَمَا أُرْجِفَ بِذَلِكَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ،لَمَا أَوْجَبَ ذَلِكَ أَنْ يَضْعُفُوا وَ يَهِنُوا،كَمَا لَمْ يَهِنْ مَنْ كَانَ مَعَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ بِقَتْلِهِمْ. قَالَ:وَ هُوَ الْمَرْوِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ).

99-/1947 _5- And Abu ‘Ali al-Tabrisi said: Whoever links the pronoun in “qutila” (was killed) to “nabiyy,” the meaning is: how many a prophet was killed before that Prophet, and there was with that prophet a large group; then his companions fought after him and did not weaken or slacken. And he said: On this reading, the prophet who was killed and those with him do not weaken. Allah, exalted is He, made clear that had the Prophet (may Allah bless him and his family) been killed as was rumored on the Day of Uhud, that would not have necessitated their weakening and losing heart, just as those who were with previous prophets did not lose heart at their killing. He said: And this is narrated from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him).

_2) -الإختصاص:158.

_2) -al-Ikhtisas: 158.

_3) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:119.

_3) -Tafsir al-Qummi 1:119.

_4) -مجمع البيان 2:854.

_4) -Majma‘ al-Bayan 2:854.

_5) -مجمع البيان 2:854.

_5) -Majma‘ al-Bayan 2:854.

[1] النّطع:بساط من الجلد.«مجمع البحرين-نطع-4:397».

[1] al-Nat‘: bisaṭ min al-jild. “Majma‘ al-Bahrayn – Naṭ‘ – 4:397”.

[2] آل عمران 3:161.

[2] Ali ‘Imran 3:161.

قوله تعالى:

وَ مٰا كٰانَ قَوْلَهُمْ إِلاّٰ أَنْ قٰالُوا رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ لَنٰا ذُنُوبَنٰا وَ إِسْرٰافَنٰا فِي أَمْرِنٰا وَ ثَبِّتْ أَقْدٰامَنٰا وَ انْصُرْنٰا عَلَى الْقَوْمِ الْكٰافِرِينَ [آل عمران 147]

And their saying was no other than that they said: Our Lord! forgive us our faults and our extravagance in our affair, and make firm our feet and help us against the unbelieving people. (Ali ‘Imran 3:147) [M. H. Shakir]

/1948 _1-

قال عليّ بن إبراهيم:قوله تعالى: وَ مٰا كٰانَ قَوْلَهُمْ إلى قوله: فِي أَمْرِنٰا يعنون خطاياهم.

99-/1948 _1- ‘Ali b. Ibrahim said regarding His saying: And their saying was no other than that they said ... in our affair—they mean their sins.

قوله تعالى:

يٰا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنْ تُطِيعُوا الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا يَرُدُّوكُمْ عَلَى أَعْقَابِكُمْ فَتَنْقَلِبُوا خَاسِرِينَ بَلِ اللّٰهُ مَوْلٰاكُمْ وَ هُوَ خَيْرُ النّٰاصِرِينَ سَنُلْقِي فِي قُلُوبِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا الرُّعْبَ بِمٰا أَشْرَكُوا بِاللّٰهِ مٰا لَمْ يُنَزِّلْ بِهِ سُلْطٰاناً وَ مَأْوٰاهُمُ النّٰارُ وَ بِئْسَ مَثْوَى الظّٰالِمِينَ وَ لَقَدْ صَدَقَكُمُ اللّٰهُ وَعْدَهُ إِذْ تَحُسُّونَهُمْ بِإِذْنِهِ حَتّٰى إِذٰا فَشِلْتُمْ وَ تَنٰازَعْتُمْ فِي الْأَمْرِ وَ عَصَيْتُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ مٰا أَرٰاكُمْ مٰا تُحِبُّونَ مِنْكُمْ مَنْ يُرِيدُ الدُّنْيٰا وَ مِنْكُمْ مَنْ يُرِيدُ الْآخِرَةَ ثُمَّ صَرَفَكُمْ عَنْهُمْ لِيَبْتَلِيَكُمْ وَ لَقَدْ عَفٰا عَنْكُمْ وَ اللّٰهُ ذُو فَضْلٍ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِذْ تُصْعِدُونَ وَ لاٰ تَلْوُونَ عَلَى أَحَدٍ وَ الرَّسُولُ يَدْعُوكُمْ فِي أُخْرٰاكُمْ فَأَثٰابَكُمْ غَمًّا بِغَمٍّ لِكَيْلاٰ تَحْزَنُوا عَلَى مٰا فٰاتَكُمْ وَ لاٰ مٰا أَصٰابَكُمْ وَ اللّٰهُ خَبِيرٌ بِمٰا تَعْمَلُونَ ثُمَّ أَنْزَلَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ الْغَمِّ أَمَنَةً نُعٰاساً يَغْشىٰ طٰائِفَةً مِنْكُمْ وَ طٰائِفَةٌ قَدْ أَهَمَّتْهُمْ أَنْفُسُهُمْ يَظُنُّونَ بِاللّٰهِ غَيْرَ الْحَقِّ ظَنَّ الْجٰاهِلِيَّةِ يَقُولُونَ هَلْ لَنٰا مِنَ الْأَمْرِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ قُلْ إِنَّ الْأَمْرَ كُلَّهُ لِلّٰهِ يُخْفُونَ فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ مٰا لاٰ يُبْدُونَ لَكَ يَقُولُونَ لَوْ كٰانَ لَنٰا مِنَ الْأَمْرِ شَيْءٌ مٰا قُتِلْنٰا هٰاهُنٰا قُلْ لَوْ كُنْتُمْ فِي بُيُوتِكُمْ لَبَرَزَ الَّذِينَ كُتِبَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقَتْلُ إِلىٰ مَضٰاجِعِهِمْ وَلِيَبْتَلِيَ اللّٰهُ مٰا فِي صُدُورِكُمْ وَلِيُمَحِّصَ مٰا فِي قُلُوبِكُمْ وَ اللّٰهُ عَلِيمٌ بِذٰاتِ الصُّدُورِ [آل عمران 149-154]

O you who believe! if you obey those who disbelieve they will turn you back upon your heels, so you will turn back losers. Nay! Allah is your Patron and He is the best of the helpers. We will cast terror into the hearts of those who disbelieve because they associated with Allah that for which He has sent down no authority; and their abode is the fire; and evil is the abode of the unjust. And certainly Allah made good to you His promise when you slew them by His permission, until when you became weak-hearted and disputed about the affair and disobeyed after He had shown you that which you loved; of you were some who desired this world and of you were some who desired the hereafter; then He turned you away from them that He might try you; and He has certainly pardoned you, and Allah is Gracious to the believers. When you ran off precipitately and did not wait for any one, and the Apostle was calling you from your rear, so He gave you another sorrow instead of (your) sorrow, so that you might not grieve at what had escaped you, nor (at) what befell you; and Allah is Aware of what you do. Then after sorrow He sent down security upon you, a calm coming upon a party of you, and (there was) another party whom their own souls had rendered anxious; they entertained about Allah thoughts of ignorance quite unjustly. They said: Have we any hand in the affair? Say: The affair is wholly (in the hands) of Allah. They hide within their souls what they would not reveal to you. They say: Had we any hand in the affair, we would not have been slain here. Say: Had you remained in your houses, those for whom slaughter was ordained would certainly have gone forth to the places where they would be slain; and that Allah might test what was in your breasts and that He might purge what was in your hearts; and Allah knows what is in the breasts. (Ali ‘Imran 3:149-154) [M. H. Shakir]

/1949 _2-

علي بن إبراهيم،في قوله تعالى: يٰا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنْ تُطِيعُوا الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا يعني عبد اللّه ابن أبي حيث خرج مع رسول اللّه(صلّى اللّه عليه و آله)،ثمّ رجع يجبن أصحابه.

99-/1949 _2- ‘Ali b. Ibrahim, regarding His saying: O you who believe! if you obey those who disbelieve—meaning ‘Abdullah b. Ubayy, who went out with the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family), then returned, making his companions cowardly.

99-/1950 _3-

أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الطَّبْرِسِيُّ: فِي قَوْلِهِ: بَلِ اللّٰهُ مَوْلاٰكُمْ وَ هُوَ خَيْرُ النّٰاصِرِينَ قِيلَ:نَزَلَتْ فِي الْمُنَافِقِينَ إِذْ قَالُوا لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ،يَوْمَ الْهَزِيمَةِ:اِرْجِعُوا إِلَى إِخْوَانِكُمْ،وَ ارْجِعُوا إِلَى دِينِهِمْ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ).

99-/1950 _3- Abu ‘Ali al-Tabrisi: Regarding His saying: Nay! Allah is your Patron and He is the best of the helpers—it is said: it was revealed about the hypocrites when they said to the believers on the Day of Uhud, the day of defeat: “Return to your brothers, and return to their religion,” from ‘Ali (peace be upon him).

/1951 _4-

قال عليّ بن إبراهيم:قوله تعالى: سَنُلْقِي فِي قُلُوبِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا الرُّعْبَ يعني قريشا بِمٰا أَشْرَكُوا بِاللّٰهِ .

قوله تعالى: وَ لَقَدْ صَدَقَكُمُ اللّٰهُ وَعْدَهُ يعني أن ينصركم اللّه عليهم إِذْ تَحُسُّونَهُمْ بِإِذْنِهِ إذ تقتلونهم بإذن اللّه حَتّٰى إِذٰا فَشِلْتُمْ وَ تَنٰازَعْتُمْ فِي الْأَمْرِ وَ عَصَيْتُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ مٰا أَرٰاكُمْ مٰا تُحِبُّونَ مِنْكُمْ مَنْ يُرِيدُ الدُّنْيٰا يعني أصحاب عبد اللّه بن جبير الذين تركوا مراكزهم و فروا للغنيمة.

و قوله تعالى: وَ مِنْكُمْ مَنْ يُرِيدُ الْآخِرَةَ يعني عبد اللّه بن جبير و أصحابه الذين بقوا حتّى قتلوا ثُمَّ صَرَفَكُمْ عَنْهُمْ لِيَبْتَلِيَكُمْ أي يختبركم وَ لَقَدْ عَفٰا عَنْكُمْ وَ اللّٰهُ ذُو فَضْلٍ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ثم ذكر المنهزمين من

99-/1951 _4- ‘Ali b. Ibrahim said: His saying: We will cast terror into the hearts of those who disbelieve—meaning Quraysh—because they associated partners with Allah. His saying: And certainly Allah made good to you His promise—meaning that Allah would grant you victory over them—when you slew them by His permission, that is, when you killed them by Allah’s permission, until when you became weak-hearted and disputed about the affair and disobeyed after He had shown you what you love. Of you were some who desire this world—meaning the companions of ‘Abdullah b. Jubayr who left their positions and fled for the spoils. And His saying: And of you were some who desire the hereafter—meaning ‘Abdullah b. Jubayr and his companions who remained until they were killed. Then He turned you away from them that He might test you, that is, He might try you. And He has certainly pardoned you, and Allah is Gracious to the believers. Then He mentions those who fled…

_1) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:120.

_1) -Tafsir al-Qummi 1:120.

_2) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:120.

_2) -Tafsir al-Qummi 1:120.

_3) -مجمع البيان 2:856.

_3) -Majma‘ al-Bayan 2:856.

_4) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:120.

_4) -Tafsir al-Qummi 1:120.