Taha Ayah 67-68

الْحَدِيثَ، وَ فِيهِ - إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى خَلَقَ خَلاَّقِينَ[1]، فَإِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَخْلُقَ خَلْقاً أَمَرَهُمْ فَأَخَذُوا مِنَ التُّرْبَةِ الَّتِي قَالَ اللَّهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ: مِنْهٰا خَلَقْنٰاكُمْ وَ فِيهٰا نُعِيدُكُمْ وَ مِنْهٰا نُخْرِجُكُمْ تٰارَةً أُخْرىٰ، فَعَجَنُوا النُّطْفَةَ بِتِلْكَ التُّرْبَةِ الَّتِي يَخْلُقُ مِنْهَا، بَعْدَ أَنْ أَسْكَنَهَا الرَّحِمَ أَرْبَعِينَ لَيْلَةً، فَإِذَا تَمَّتْ لَهَا أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ، قَالُوا: يَا رَبِّ، نَخْلُقُ مَاذَا؟ فَيَأْمُرُهُمْ بِمَا يُرِيدُ، مِنْ ذَكَرٍ أَوْ أُنْثَى، أَبْيَضَ أَوْ أَسْوَدَ، فَإِذَا خَرَجَتِ الرُّوحُ مِنَ الْبَدَنِ، خَرَجَتْ هَذِهِ النُّطْفَةُ بِعَيْنِهَا مِنْهُ، كَائِناً مَا كَانَ، صَغِيراً أَوْ كَبِيراً، ذَكَراً أَوْ أُنْثَى، فَلِذَلِكَ يُغَسَّلُ الْمَيِّتُ غُسْلَ الْجَنَابَةِ.

- Qur'an 20:55 (M. H. Shakir): From it We created you and into it We shall send you back and from it will We raise you a second time.

99-/7019 _1- ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ (رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ)، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ حَمَّادٍ، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) عَنِ الْمَيِّتِ، لِمَ يُغَسَّلُ غُسْلَ الْجَنَابَةِ؟ قَالَ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى أَعْلَى وَ أَخْلَصُ مِنْ أَنْ يَبْعَثَ الْأَشْيَاءَ بِيَدِهِ، إِنَّ لِلَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى مَلَكَيْنِ خَلاَّقَيْنِ، فَإِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَخْلُقَ خَلْقاً أَمَرَ أُولَئِكَ الْخَلاَّقِينَ فَأَخَذُوا مِنَ التُّرْبَةِ الَّتِي قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِي كِتَابِهِ: مِنْهٰا خَلَقْنٰاكُمْ وَ فِيهٰا نُعِيدُكُمْ وَ مِنْهٰا نُخْرِجُكُمْ تٰارَةً أُخْرىٰ، فَعَجَنُوهَا بِالنُّطْفَةِ الْمُسْكَنَةِ فِي الرَّحِمِ، فَإِذَا عُجِنَتِ النُّطْفَةُ بِالتُّرْبَةِ، قَالاَ: يَا رَبِّ، مَا نَخْلُقُ؟ -قَالَ-: فَيُوحِيَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى إِلَيْهِمَا مَا يُرِيدُ، ذَكَراً أَوْ أُنْثَى، مُؤْمِناً أَوْ كَافِراً، أَسْوَدَ أَوْ أَبْيَضَ، شَقِيّاً أَوْ سَعِيداً، فَإِذَا مَاتَ سَالَتْ عَنْهُ تِلْكَ النُّطْفَةُ بِعَيْنِهَا، لاَ غَيْرُهَا، فَمِنْ ثُمَّ صَارَ الْمَيِّتُ يُغَسَّلُ غُسْلَ الْجَنَابَةِ».

99-/7019 _1- Ibn Babawayh said: Al-Husayn ibn Ahmad (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated to me, from his father, who said: Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa narrated to me, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Nasr, from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Hammad, who said: I asked Abu Ibrahim (peace be upon him) about the dead person: why is he washed with the ghusl of janabah? He said: “Blessed and Exalted is Allah, far too High and Pure to dispatch things with His own Hand. Indeed Allah, Blessed and Exalted, has two creative angels. When He wills to create a creature, He commands those creators, so they take from the earth which Allah, Mighty and Majestic, mentioned in His Book: From it We created you and into it We shall send you back and from it will We raise you a second time. They knead it with the sperm settled in the womb. When the sperm has been kneaded with the earth, they say: O Lord, what shall we create? He then reveals to them what He wills—male or female, believer or unbeliever, black or white, wretched or happy. When the person dies, that very sperm flows out from him—no other—therefore the dead is washed with the ghusl of janabah.”

- Qur'an 20:55 (M. H. Shakir): From it We created you and into it We shall send you back and from it will We raise you a second time.

قوله تعالى:

فَيُسْحِتَكُمْ بِعَذٰابٍ [61]

- Qur'an 20:61 (M. H. Shakir): He said to them: Woe to you! do not forge a lie against Allah, lest He destroy you by a punishment; and he who forges (a lie) indeed fails.

/7020 _2- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ: أَي يُصِيبَكُمْ[2].

/7020 _2- ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim: that is, “He afflict you.”

قوله تعالى:

فَأَوْجَسَ فِي نَفْسِهِ خِيفَةً مُوسىٰ* قُلْنٰا لاٰ تَخَفْ إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْأَعْلىٰ [67 و 68]

- Qur'an 20:67-68 (M. H. Shakir): So Musa conceived in his mind a fear. We said: Fear not, surely you shall be the uppermost.

99-/7021 _3- ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى بْنِ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ (رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ)، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْأَسَدِيُّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبَرْمَكِيِّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الشَّامِيُّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْهَاشِمِيُّ، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّادِقَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عِمْرَانَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، لَمَّا رَأَى حِبَالَهُمْ وَ عِصِيَّهُمْ، كَيْفَ أَوْجَسَ فِي نَفْسِهِ خِيفَةً، وَ لَمْ يُوجِسْهَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) حِينَ وُضِعَ فِي الْمَنْجَنِيقِ وَ قُذِفَ بِهِ عَلَى النَّارِ؟ فَقَالَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «إِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) حِينَ وُضِعَ فِي الْمَنْجَنِيقِ، كَانَ مُسْتَنِداً إِلَى مَا فِي صُلْبِهِ مِنْ أَنْوَارِ حُجَجِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ، وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ مُوسَى (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) كَذَلِكَ، فَلِذَلِكَ أَوْجَسَ فِي نَفْسِهِ خِيفَةً، وَ لَمْ يُوجِسْهَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)».

99-/7021 _3- Ibn Babawayh said: Muhammad ibn Musa ibn al-Mutawakkil (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated to us, who said: Muhammad ibn Ja‘far al-Asadi narrated to us, from Muhammad ibn Isma‘il al-Barmaki, who said: ‘Abd Allah ibn Ahmad al-Shami narrated to us, who said: Isma‘il ibn al-Fadl al-Hashimi narrated, who said: I asked Abu ‘Abd Allah al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) about Musa ibn ‘Imran (peace be upon him): when he saw their ropes and staffs, how did he conceive fear within himself, while Ibrahim (peace be upon him) did not conceive it when he was placed in the catapult and cast into the fire? He (peace be upon him) said: “When Ibrahim (peace be upon him) was placed in the catapult, he was supported by the lights of the Proofs of Allah, Mighty and Majestic, that were in his loins; whereas Musa (peace be upon him) was not like that. Therefore he conceived fear within himself, and Ibrahim (peace be upon him) did not.”

99-/7022 _2- وَ عَنْهُ: عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ مَاجِيلَوَيْهِ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَمِّي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ هِلاَلٍ، عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ دُكَيْنٍ، عَنْ مُعَمَّرِ بْنِ رَاشِدٍ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) يَقُولُ: «أَتَى يَهُودِيٌّ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ (صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)، فَقَامَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ يُحِدُّ النَّظَرَ إِلَيْهِ. فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ (صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): يَا يَهُودِيُّ، مَا حَاجَتُكَ؟ قَالَ: أَنْتَ أَفْضَلُ أَمْ مُوسَى بْنُ عِمْرَانَ النَّبِيُّ الَّذِي كَلَّمَهُ اللَّهُ، وَ أَنْزَلَ عَلَيْهِ التَّوْرَاةَ وَ الْعَصَا، وَ فَلَقَ لَهُ الْبَحْرَ، وَ أَظَلَّهُ بِالْغَمَامِ؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ (صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): إِنَّهُ يُكْرَهُ لِلْعَبْدِ أَنْ يُزَكِّيَ نَفْسَهُ، وَ لَكِنِّي أَقُولُ: إِنَّ آدَمَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) لَمَّا أَصَابَ الْخَطِيئَةَ، كَانَتْ تَوْبَتَهُ أَنْ قَالَ: اَللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ بِحَقِّ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ لَمَّا غَفَرْتَهَا لِي؛ فَغَفَرَهَا لَهُ، وَ إِنَّ نُوحاً (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) لَمَّا رَكِبَ السَّفِينَةَ، وَ خَافَ الْغَرَقَ، وَ قَالَ: اَللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ بِحَقِّ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ لَمَّا أَنْجَيْتَنِي مِنَ الْغَرَقِ، فَأَنْجَاهُ اللَّهُ مِنْهُ، وَ إِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) لَمَّا أُلْقِيَ فِي النَّارِ، قَالَ: اَللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ بِحَقِّ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ لَمَّا أَنْجَيْتَنِي مِنْهَا؛ فَجَعَلَهَا اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ بَرْداً وَ سَلاَماً، وَ إِنَّ مُوسَى (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) لَمَّا أَلْقَى عَصَاهُ، وَ أَوْجَسَ فِي نَفْسِهِ خِيفَةً، قَالَ: اَللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ بِحَقِّ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ لَمَّا آمَنْتَنِي؛ فَقَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ جَلاَلُهُ: لاٰ تَخَفْ إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْأَعْلىٰ. يَا يَهُودِيُّ، إِنَّ مُوسَى (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) لَوْ أَدْرَكَنِي، ثُمَّ لَمْ يُؤْمِنْ بِي وَ بِنُبُوَّتِي، مَا نَفَعَهُ إِيمَانُهُ[1] شَيْئاً وَ لاَ نَفَعَتْهُ النُّبُوَّةُ، يَا يَهُودِيُّ، وَ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِي الْمَهْدِيُّ، إِذَا خَرَجَ نَزَلَ عِيسَى بْنُ مَرْيَمَ لِنُصْرَتِهِ، فَقَدَّمَهُ وَ صَلَّى خَلْفَهُ».

99-/7022 _2- And from him: from Muhammad ibn ‘Ali Majilawayh, who said: My uncle Muhammad ibn Abi al-Qasim narrated to me, from Ahmad ibn Hilal, from al-Fadl ibn Dukayn, from Mu‘ammar ibn Rashid, who said: I heard Abu ‘Abd Allah (peace be upon him) say: “A Jew came to the Prophet (may Allah bless him and his family) and stood before him, staring intently at him. The Prophet (may Allah bless him and his family) said: O Jew, what do you need? He said: Are you better or Musa ibn ‘Imran, the prophet whom Allah spoke to, upon whom He sent down the Torah and the staff, for whom He split the sea, and shaded with the clouds? The Prophet (may Allah bless him and his family) said to him: It is disliked for a servant to declare himself pure, but I say: When Adam (peace be upon him) committed the sin, his repentance was that he said: O Allah, I ask You by the right of Muhammad and the family of Muhammad to forgive it for me; so He forgave it for him. And when Nuh (peace be upon him) boarded the Ark and feared drowning, he said: O Allah, I ask You by the right of Muhammad and the family of Muhammad to save me from drowning; so Allah saved him from it. And when Ibrahim (peace be upon him) was cast into the fire, he said: O Allah, I ask You by the right of Muhammad and the family of Muhammad to save me from it; so Allah made it coolness and peace upon him. And when Musa (peace be upon him) cast down his staff and conceived fear within himself, he said: O Allah, I ask You by the right of Muhammad and the family of Muhammad to grant me safety; so Allah, Glorious is His Majesty, said: Fear not, surely you shall be the uppermost. O Jew, if Musa (peace be upon him) were to reach my time and then not believe in me and in my Prophethood, his belief would not benefit him in the least, nor would prophethood benefit him. O Jew, and from my progeny is the Mahdi—when he emerges, ‘Isa son of Maryam will descend to aid him; he will put him forward and will pray behind him.”

قوله تعالى:

وَ مَنْ يَحْلِلْ عَلَيْهِ غَضَبِي فَقَدْ هَوىٰ [81]

- Qur'an 20:81 (M. H. Shakir): And eat of the good things We have given you for sustenance, and be not inordinate with respect to them, lest My wrath should be due to you, and he on whom My wrath descends, he shall perish indeed.

99-/7023 _1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ: عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْبَرْقِيِّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى، عَنِ الْمَشْرِقِيِّ حَمْزَةَ بْنِ الْمُرْتَفِعِ، عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا، قَالَ: كُنْتُ فِي مَجْلِسِ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، إِذْ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ عَمْرُو بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ، قَوْلُ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى: وَ مَنْ يَحْلِلْ عَلَيْهِ غَضَبِي فَقَدْ هَوىٰ مَا ذَلِكَ الْغَضَبُ؟ فَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «هُوَ الْعِقَابُ يَا عَمْرُو، إِنَّهُ مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ زَالَ مِنْ شَيْءٍ إِلَى شَيْءٍ، فَقَدْ وَصَفَهُ

99-/7023 _1- Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub: from a number of our companions, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Barqi, from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa, from al-Mashriqi Hamzah ibn al-Murtafi‘, from some of our companions, who said: I was in the gathering of Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) when ‘Amr ibn ‘Ubayd entered upon him and said to him: May I be ransomed for you, the saying of Allah, Blessed and Exalted: And he on whom My wrath descends, he shall perish indeed—what is that wrath? Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) said: “It is punishment, O ‘Amr. Surely whoever claims that Allah has moved from one state to another has described Him…”

الهوامش والمراجع:

_1) - علل الشرائع: 5/300.

- ‘Ilal al-Shara’i‘: 5/300.

_2) - تفسير القمّيّ (الطبعة الحجرية): 268.

- Tafsir al-Qummi (al-taba‘ah al-hajariyyah): 268.

_3) - الأمالي 2/521.

- al-Amali 2/521.

[1] خَلاَّقين: أي ملائكة خلاقين، و الخلق بمعنى التقدير. «مرآة العقول 13:345».

[1] Khallaqeen: ay mala’ikatu khallaqeen, wa al-khalq bi-ma‘na al-taqdir. “Miraat al-‘Uqul 13:345”.

[2] في «ط» نسخة بدل: يفنيكم.

[2] fi “T” nuskhatun badal: yufniyakum.

_2) - الأمالي: 4/181.

- al-Amali: 4/181.

_1) - الكافي 1:5/86.

- al-Kafi 1:5/86.

[1] في «ي، ط»: ما قبل اللّه منه.

[1] fi “Y, T”: ma qabila Allahu minhu.