Al-Kahf Ayah 105-108

الكهف آيه 105-108

قوله تعالى [الكهف 103]:

قُلْ هَلْ نُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِالْأَخْسَرِينَ أَعْمَالاً

Shakir: Say: Shall We inform you of the greatest losers in (their) deeds?

قوله تعالى [الكهف 104]:

اَلَّذِينَ ضَلَّ سَعْيُهُمْ فِي الْحَيٰاةِ الدُّنْيٰا وَهُمْ يَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّهُمْ يُحْسِنُونَ صُنْعًا

Shakir: (These are) they whose labor is lost in this world’s life and they think that they are doing well.

99-/6806 _1- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ: وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي الْجَارُودِ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ)، قَالَ: «هُمُ النَّصَارَى، وَالْقِسِّيسُونَ، وَالرُّهْبَانُ، وَأَهْلُ الشُّبُهَاتِ وَالْأَهْوَاءِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقِبْلَةِ، وَالْحَرُورِيَّةُ، وَأَهْلُ الْبِدَعِ».

They are the Christians, the priests and monks, and those of doubts and caprices from the People of the Qibla, and the Haruriyya, and the people of innovations.

99-/6807 _2- وَ قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ: نَزَلَتْ فِي الْيَهُودِ، وَجَرَتْ فِي الْخَوَارِجِ.

It was revealed about the Jews, and it applies to the Kharijites.

99-/6808 _3- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ: عَنْ إِمَامِ بْنِ رِبْعِيٍّ، قَالَ: قَامَ ابْنُ الْكَوَّاءِ إِلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ)، فَقَالَ: أَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: قُلْ هَلْ نُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِالْأَخْسَرِينَ أَعْمَالًا اَلَّذِينَ ضَلَّ سَعْيُهُمْ فِي الْحَيٰاةِ الدُّنْيٰا وَهُمْ يَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّهُمْ يُحْسِنُونَ صُنْعًا. قَالَ: «أُولَئِكَ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ، كَفَرُوا بِرَبِّهِمْ، وَابْتَدَعُوا فِي دِينِهِمْ، فَحَبِطَتْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ، وَمَا أَهْلُ النَّهْرِ - أَيِ النَّهْرَوَانِ - مِنْهُمْ بِبَعِيدٍ».

Ibn al-Kawwa’ stood before the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) and said: Inform me about the word of Allah: Say: Shall We inform you of the greatest losers in (their) deeds? Those whose labor is lost in this world’s life and they think that they are doing well. He said: They are the People of the Book; they disbelieved in their Lord and innovated in their religion, so their deeds were rendered void; and the people of the River—meaning Nahrawan—are not far removed from them.

99-/6809 _4- عَنْ أَبِي الطُّفَيْلِ، قَالَ: «مِنْهُمْ أَهْلُ النَّهْرِ».

From them are the people of the River.

99-/6810 _5- وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي الطُّفَيْلِ: «أُولَئِكَ هُمْ أَهْلُ حَرُورَاءَ».

In the narration of Abu al-Tufayl: They are the people of Harura’.

99-/6811 _6- الطَّبْرِسِيُّ فِي (الْإِحْتِجَاجِ): عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ) وَقَدْ سَأَلَهُ سَائِلٌ، قَالَ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، أَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: قُلْ هَلْ نُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِالْأَخْسَرِينَ أَعْمَالًا الآيَةَ. قَالَ: «كَفَرَةُ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ، الْيَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارَى، وَقَدْ كَانُوا عَلَى الْحَقِّ، فَابْتَدَعُوا فِي أَدْيَانِهِمْ، وَهُمْ يَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّهُمْ يُحْسِنُونَ صُنْعًا».

Al-Tabrisi in al-Ihtijaj, from the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him), when a questioner asked him: O Commander of the Faithful, inform me about the word of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: Say: Shall We inform you of the greatest losers in (their) deeds... He said: The disbelievers among the People of the Book, the Jews and the Christians. They had been upon the truth, then they innovated in their religions, while thinking they were doing well.

قوله تعالى [الكهف 105-108]:

أُولٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِآيٰاتِ رَبِّهِمْ وَلِقَائِهِ فَحَبِطَتْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ فَلَا نُقِيمُ لَهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيٰامَةِ وَزْنًا

Shakir: These are they who disbelieve in the communications of their Lord and His meeting, so their deeds are null, and therefore We will not set up a balance for them on the day of resurrection.

ذٰلِكَ جَزَاؤُهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ بِمَا كَفَرُوا وَاتَّخَذُوا آيٰاتِي وَرُسُلِي هُزُوًا

Shakir: Thus it is that their recompense is hell, because they disbelieved and held My communications and My apostles in mockery.

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصّٰالِحَاتِ كَانَتْ لَهُمْ جَنّٰاتُ الْفِرْدَوْسِ نُزُلًا

Shakir: Surely (as for) those who believe and do good, they shall have the gardens of the Firdaus for an abode.

خٰالِدِينَ فِيهَا لَا يَبْغُونَ عَنْهَا حِوَلًا

Shakir: Abiding therein; they shall not desire removal from them.

99-/6812 _7- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، قَالَ: أُولٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِآيٰاتِ رَبِّهِمْ وَلِقَائِهِ فَحَبِطَتْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ فَلَا نُقِيمُ لَهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيٰامَةِ وَزْنًا:

أي حسنة. ذٰلِكَ جَزَاؤُهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ بِمَا كَفَرُوا وَاتَّخَذُوا آيٰاتِي وَرُسُلِي هُزُوًا، يعني بالآيات الأوصياء اتخذوها هزوا. ثم ذكر المؤمنين بهذه الآيات فقال: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصّٰالِحَاتِ كَانَتْ لَهُمْ جَنّٰاتُ الْفِرْدَوْسِ نُزُلًا خٰالِدِينَ فِيهَا لَا يَبْغُونَ عَنْهَا حِوَلًا، أي لا يحولون، ولا يسألون التحويل عنها.

He said regarding “We will not set up for them on the Day of Resurrection any weight”: meaning any good deed. “That is their recompense—Hell—for that they disbelieved and took My signs and My messengers in mockery,” he said: by “signs” are meant the trustees (the awsiya’), which they took in mockery. Then He mentioned those who believe in these signs and said: “Surely those who believe and do good, for them are the gardens of Firdaus for hospitality, abiding therein; they do not seek removal from it,” meaning they will not move away, nor ask to be moved from it.

99-/6813 _2- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ هَمَّامِ بْنِ سُهَيْلٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْعَلَوِيِّ، عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ دَاوُدَ النَّجَّارِ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَوْلاَيَ مُوسَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلَامُ) قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصّٰالِحَاتِ كَانَتْ لَهُمْ جَنّٰاتُ الْفِرْدَوْسِ نُزُلًا خٰالِدِينَ فِيهَا لَا يَبْغُونَ عَنْهَا حِوَلًا. قَالَ: «نَزَلَتْ فِي آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ أَجْمَعِينَ)».

Muhammad b. al-‘Abbas said: Muhammad b. Hammam b. Suhayl narrated to us, from Muhammad b. Isma‘il al-‘Alawi, from ‘Isa b. Dawud al-Najjar, who said: My master Musa b. Ja‘far (peace be upon them) narrated to us: I asked my father about the word of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: Surely those who believe and do good, they shall have the gardens of the Firdaus for an abode, abiding therein; they shall not desire removal from them. He said: It was revealed concerning the Family of Muhammad (may Allah’s blessings be upon them all).

99-/6814 _3- وَ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْخَثْعَمِيُّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى الْحَجَرِيِّ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ صَخْرٍ الْهُذَلِيِّ، عَنِ الصَّبَّاحِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ) أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ ذِرْوَةٌ، وَذِرْوَةُ الْجَنَّةِ الْفِرْدَوْسُ، وَهِيَ لِمُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ وَعَلَيْهِمْ أَجْمَعِينَ)».

And from him: Muhammad b. al-Husayn al-Khath‘ami narrated to us, from Muhammad b. Yahya al-Hajari, from ‘Umar b. Sakhr al-Hudhali, from al-Sabbah b. Yahya, from Abu Ishaq, from al-Harith, from ‘Ali (peace be upon him) that he said: Everything has a summit, and the summit of Paradise is Firdaus; and it is for Muhammad and the Family of Muhammad (may Allah’s blessings be upon him and upon them all).

99-/6815 _4- العَيَّاشِيُّ: عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: مَا فِي الْقُرْآنِ آيَةٌ: اَلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصّٰالِحَاتِ إِلَّا وَعَلِيٌّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ) أَمِيرُهَا وَشَرِيفُهَا، وَمَا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ) رَجُلٌ إِلَّا وَقَدْ عَاتَبَهُ اللّٰهُ، وَمَا ذَكَرَ عَلِيًّا(عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ) إِلَّا بِخَيْرٍ. قَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ: إِنِّي لَأَعْلَمُ لِعَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ) مَنْقَبَةً، لَوْ حَدَّثْتُ بِهَا لَبَعُدَتْ أَقْطَارُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ.

Al-‘Ayyashi: from ‘Ikrima, from Ibn ‘Abbas, who said: There is no verse in the Qur’an, “those who believe and do good,” except that ‘Ali (peace be upon him) is its leader and noblest one; and there is not a man among the companions of Muhammad (may Allah bless him and his Family) except that Allah reproached him, and He did not mention ‘Ali (peace be upon him) except with good. ‘Ikrima said: I surely know a merit of ‘Ali (peace be upon him); if I were to report it, the horizons of the heavens and the earth would grow distant.

99-/6816 _5- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ)، فِي قَوْلِهِ: خٰالِدِينَ فِيهَا لَا يَبْغُونَ عَنْهَا حِوَلًا، قَالَ: «خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا لَا يَخْرُجُونَ مِنْهَا»، وَلاٰ يَبْغُونَ عَنْهَا حِوَلًا، قَالَ: «لَا يُرِيدُونَ بِهَا بَدَلًا». قُلْتُ: قَوْلُهُ: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصّٰالِحَاتِ كَانَتْ لَهُمْ جَنّٰاتُ الْفِرْدَوْسِ نُزُلًا، قَالَ: «نَزَلَتْ فِي أَبِي ذَرٍّ، وَسَلْمَانَ الْفَارِسِيِّ، وَالْمِقْدَادِ، وَعَمَّارِ بْنِ يَاسِرٍ، جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ جَنَّاتِ الْفِرْدَوْسِ نُزُلًا، أَيْ مَأْوًى وَمَنْزِلًا».

‘Ali b. Ibrahim said: Ja‘far b. Ahmad narrated to us, from ‘Abd Allah b. Musa, from al-Hasan b. ‘Ali b. Abi Hamza, from his father, from Abu Basir, from Abu ‘Abd Allah (peace be upon him), regarding His saying: “Abiding therein; they shall not desire removal from them,” he said: Abiding therein—they will not go out from it; and “they shall not desire removal from them,” he said: they will not want any substitute for it. I said: His saying: “Surely those who believe and do good, they shall have the gardens of the Firdaus for an abode,” he said: It was revealed concerning Abu Dharr, Salman al-Farisi, al-Miqdad, and ‘Ammar b. Yasir; Allah made for them the gardens of Firdaus as a hospitality, that is, a refuge and a dwelling.

قوله تعالى [الكهف 109-110]:

قُلْ لَوْ كَانَ الْبَحْرُ مِدَادًا لِكَلِمَاتِ رَبِّي لَنَفِدَ الْبَحْرُ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْفَدَ كَلِمَاتُ رَبِّي وَلَوْ جِئْنَا بِمِثْلِهِ مَدَدًا

Shakir: Say: If the sea were ink for the words of my Lord, the sea would surely be consumed before the words of my Lord are exhausted, though We were to bring the like of that (sea) to add to it.

قُلْ إِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ مِثْلُكُمْ يُوحَىٰ إِلَيَّ أَنَّمَا إِلٰهُكُمْ إِلٰهٌ وَاحِدٌ فَمَنْ كَانَ يَرْجُو لِقَاءَ رَبِّهِ فَلْيَعْمَلْ عَمَلًا صَالِحًا وَلَا يُشْرِكْ بِعِبَادَةِ رَبِّهِ أَحَدًا

Shakir: Say: I am only a mortal like you; it is revealed to me that your God is one God; therefore whoever hopes to meet his Lord, he should do good deeds, and not join any one in the service of his Lord.

المراجع:

_1) - تفسير القمّيّ 2:46.

- Tafsīr al-Qummī 2:46.

_2) - تفسير القمّيّ 2:46.

- Tafsīr al-Qummī 2:46.

_3) - تفسير العيّاشيّ 2:89/352.

- Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:89/352.

_4) - تفسير العيّاشيّ 2:90/352.

- Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:90/352.

_5) - تفسير العيّاشيّ 2:90/352.

- Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:90/352.

_6) - الإحتجاج 1:260.

- al-Iḥtijāj 1:260.

_7) - تفسير القمّيّ 2:46.

- Tafsīr al-Qummī 2:46.

المراجع:

_2) - تأويل الآيات 1:10/298.

- Ta’wīl al-Āyāt 1:10/298.

_3) - تأويل الآيات 1:11/298.

- Ta’wīl al-Āyāt 1:11/298.

_4) - تفسير العيّاشي 2:91/352.

- Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:91/352.

_5) - تفسير القمّيّ 2:46.

- Tafsīr al-Qummī 2:46.