S 2 A 161-162

فَإِذَا قَبَضَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ صَيَّرَ تِلْكَ الرُّوحَ فِي قَالَبٍ كَقَالَبِهِ فِي الدُّنْيَا،فَيَأْكُلُونَ وَ يَشْرَبُونَ،فَإِذَا قَدِمَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقَادِمُ عَرَفُوهُ بِتِلْكَ الصُّورَةِ الَّتِي كَانَتْ فِي الدُّنْيَا».

وَ رَوَى الشَّيْخُ الطُّوسِيُّ فِي(التَّهْذِيبِ):عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَهْزِيَارَ،عَنِ الْحَسَنِ،عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،مِثْلَهُ [1].

When Allah, Mighty and Majestic, seizes it, He places that soul into a form like its form in the world; so they eat and drink, and when someone arrives to them, they recognize him by that very appearance which he had in the world. And Shaykh al-Tusi narrated in al-Tahdhib from ‘Ali b. Mahziyar, from al-Hasan, from al-Qasim b. Muhammad, similar to this [1].

99- _1- وَ فِي(التَّهْذِيبِ):عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ،عَنْ حَمَّادٍ،عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ أَرْوَاحِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ؟فَقَالَ:«فِي الْجَنَّةِ عَلَى صُوَرِ أَبْدَانِهِمْ،لَوْ رَأَيْتَهُ لَقُلْتَ فُلاَنٌ».

99- _1- In al-Tahdhib: from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr, from Hammad, from Abu Basir, who said: I asked Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) about the spirits of the believers. He said: In Paradise upon the likenesses of their bodies; if you were to see one of them you would say, “So-and-so.”

99- _2- وَ أَخْرَجَ أَحْمَدُ وَ مُسْلِمٌ وَ النَّسَائِيُّ وَ الْحَاكِمُ وَ صَحَّحَهُ،عَنْ أَنَسٍ،قَالَ:قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): «يُؤْتَى بِالرَّجُلِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ فَيَقُولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَهُ:يَا ابْنَ آدَمَ،كَيْفَ وَجَدْتَ مَنْزِلَكَ؟فَيَقُولُ:أَيْ رَبِّ خَيْرَ مَنْزِلٍ.فَيَقُولُ:

سَلْ وَ تَمَنَّ.فَيَقُولُ:أَسْأَلُكَ أَنْ تَرُدَّنِي إِلَى الدُّنْيَا فَأُقْتَلَ فِي سَبِيلِكَ عَشْرَ مَرَّاتٍ.لِمَا رَأَى مِنْ فَضْلِ الشَّهَادَةِ.

قَالَ:«وَ يُؤْتَى بِالرَّجُلِ مِنْ أَهْلِ النَّارِ فَيَقُولُ اللَّهُ:يَا ابْنَ آدَمَ،كَيْفَ وَجَدْتَ مَنْزِلَكَ؟فَيَقُولُ:أَيْ رَبِّ،شَرَّ مَنْزِلِ.

فَيَقُولُ:فَتَفْتَدِي مِنْهُ بِطِلاَعِ الْأَرْضِ ذَهَباً؟فَيَقُولُ:نَعَمْ.فَيَقُولُ:كَذَبْتَ،قَدْ سَأَلْتُكَ دُونَ ذَلِكَ فَلَمْ تَفْعَلْ».

99- _2- Reported by Ahmad, Muslim, al-Nasa’i, and al-Hakim who declared it sound, from Anas, who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: A man from the people of Paradise will be brought, and Allah, Mighty and Majestic, will say to him: O son of Adam, how did you find your abode? He will say: O Lord, the best abode. He will say: Ask and wish. He will say: I ask You to return me to the world so that I may be killed in Your path ten times—because of what he has seen of the superiority of martyrdom. He said: And a man from the people of the Fire will be brought, and Allah will say: O son of Adam, how did you find your abode? He will say: O Lord, the worst abode. He will say: Would you ransom yourself from it with the fill of the earth in gold? He will say: Yes. He will say: You have lied; I had asked you for less than that, but you did not do it.

قوله تعالى:

إِلاَّ الَّذِينَ تٰابُوا وَ أَصْلَحُوا وَ بَيَّنُوا فَأُولٰئِكَ أَتُوبُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَ أَنَا التَّوّٰابُ الرَّحِيمُ[160]

The saying of the Most High (Qur’an 2:160):

Except those who repent and amend and make manifest, these it is to whom I turn (mercifully); and I am the Oft-returning (to mercy), the Merciful. (M. H. Shakir)

99- _3- (التَّفْسِيرُ الْمَنْسُوبُ إِلَى الْإِمَامِ الْعَسْكَرِيِّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: إِلاَّ الَّذِينَ تٰابُوا مِنْ كِتْمَانِهِ وَ أَصْلَحُوا أَعْمَالَهُمْ،وَ أَصْلَحُوا مَا كَانُوا أَفْسَدُوهُ بِسُوءِ التَّأْوِيلِ،فَجَحَدُوا بِهِ فَضْلَ الْفَاضِلِ وَ اسْتِحْقَاقَ الْمُحِقِّ، وَ بَيَّنُوا مَا ذَكَرَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى مِنْ نَعْتِ مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)وَ صِفَتِهِ،وَ مِنْ ذِكْرِ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)وَ حِلْيَتِهِ،وَ مَا ذَكَرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) فَأُولٰئِكَ أَتُوبُ عَلَيْهِمْ أَقْبَلُ تَوْبَتَهُمْ وَ أَنَا التَّوّٰابُ الرَّحِيمُ ».

99- _3- In the Tafsir attributed to Imam al-‘Askari (peace be upon him): Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: Except those who repent from concealing it, and rectify their deeds, and rectify what they had corrupted by misinterpretation—by which they denied the merit of the one endowed with merit and the rightful due of the one who is in the right—and who make clear what Allah, Exalted, mentioned of the description and qualities of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family), and what He mentioned of ‘Ali (peace be upon him) and his attributes, and what the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) mentioned—these are the ones to whom I turn; I accept their repentance, and I am the Oft-returning, the Merciful.

قوله تعالى:

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَ مٰاتُوا وَ هُمْ كُفّٰارٌ أُولٰئِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ لَعْنَةُ اللّٰهِ وَ الْمَلاٰئِكَةِ وَ النّٰاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ* خٰالِدِينَ فِيهٰا لاٰ يُخَفَّفُ عَنْهُمُ الْعَذٰابُ وَ لاٰ هُمْ يُنْظَرُونَ[161-162]

The saying of the Most High (Qur’an 2:161-162):

Surely those who disbelieve and die while they are unbelievers, these it is on them is the curse of Allah and the angels and men, of all (of them). Abiding in it; their chastisement shall not be lightened, nor shall they be respited. (M. H. Shakir)

99- _1- (التَّفْسِيرُ الْمَنْسُوبُ إِلَى الْإِمَامِ الْعَسْكَرِيِّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):قَالَ الْإِمَامُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِاللَّهِ فِي رَدِّهِمْ نُبُوَّةَ مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)وَ وَلاَيَةَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) وَ مٰاتُوا وَ هُمْ كُفّٰارٌ عَلَى كُفْرِهِمْ أُولٰئِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ لَعْنَةُ اللّٰهِ يُوجِبُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى لَهُمُ الْبُعْدَ مِنَ الرَّحْمَةِ،وَ السَّحْقَ [1] مِنَ الثَّوَابِ وَ الْمَلاٰئِكَةِ وَ عَلَيْهِمْ لَعْنَةُ الْمَلاَئِكَةِ يَلْعَنُونَهُمْ وَ النّٰاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ وَ لَعْنَةُ النَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ كُلٌّ يَلْعَنُهُمْ،لِأَنَّ كُلَّ الْمَأْمُورِينَ الْمَنْهِيِّينَ يَلْعَنُونَ الْكَافِرِينَ،وَ الْكَافِرُونَ أَيْضاً يَقُولُونَ:لَعَنَ اللَّهُ الْكَافِرِين،فَهُمْ فِي لَعْنِ أَنْفُسِهِمْ أَيْضاً خٰالِدِينَ فِيهٰا فِي اللَّعْنَةِ،فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ لاٰ يُخَفَّفُ عَنْهُمُ الْعَذٰابُ يَوْماً وَ لاَ سَاعَةً وَ لاٰ هُمْ يُنْظَرُونَ لاَ يُؤَخَّرُونَ سَاعَةً،إِلاَّ يَحُلُّ بِهِمُ الْعَذَابُ».

99- _1- In the Tafsir attributed to Imam al-‘Askari (peace be upon him): The Imam (peace be upon him) said: Allah, Most High, said: Indeed those who disbelieved in Allah by rejecting the prophethood of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) and the wilayah of ‘Ali b. Abi Talib (peace be upon him), and who died while they were unbelievers upon their unbelief—upon such are the curse of Allah: Allah, Exalted, decrees for them remoteness from mercy and utter deprivation [1] of reward; and [the curse of] the angels—upon them is the curse of the angels; the angels curse them; and [the curse of] mankind altogether—the curse of all people—each one curses them, for all those commanded and forbidden curse the unbelievers, and the unbelievers themselves also say, “May Allah curse the unbelievers,” so they are also abiding in cursing themselves—abiding therein in the curse, in the Fire of Hell. Their punishment shall not be lightened for them for a day nor an hour, nor shall they be respited—not even an hour—before the punishment befalls them.

99- _2- وَ عَنْهُ:«قَالَ الْإِمَامُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ):قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): إِنَّ هَؤُلاَءِ الْكَاتِمِينَ لِصِفَةِ مُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ،وَ الْجَاحِدِينَ لِحِلْيَةِ عَلِيٍّ وَلِيِّ اللَّهِ،إِذَا أَتَاهُمْ مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ لِيَقْبِضَ أَرْوَاحَهُمْ،أَتَاهُمْ بِأَفْظَعِ الْمَنَاظِرِ، وَ أَقْبَحِ الْوُجُوهِ،فَيُحِيطُ بِهِمْ عِنْدَ نَزْعِ أَرْوَاحِهِمْ مَرَدَةُ شَيَاطِينِهِمُ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا يَعْرِفُونَهُمْ،ثُمَّ يَقُولُ مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ:أَبْشِرِي أَيَّتُهَا النَّفْسُ الْخَبِيثَةُ،الْكَافِرَةُ بِرَبِّهَا بِجَحْدِ نُبُوَّةِ نَبِيِّهِ،وَ إِمَامَةِ عَلِيٍّ وَصِيِّهِ،بِلَعْنَةٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَ غَضَبِهِ.ثُمَّ يَقُولُ:اِرْفَعْ رَأْسَكَ وَ طَرْفَكَ وَ انْظُرْ.فَيَنْظُرُ فَيَرَى دُونَ الْعَرْشِ مُحَمَّداً(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)عَلَى سَرِيرٍ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ عَرْشِ الرَّحْمََنِ،وَ يَرَى عَلِيّاً(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَلَى كُرْسِيٍّ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ،وَ سَائِرَ الْأَئِمَّةِ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)عَلَى مَرَاتِبِهِمُ الشَّرِيفَةِ بِحَضْرَتِهِ،ثُمَّ يَرَى الْجِنَانَ قَدْ فُتِحَتْ أَبْوَابُهَا،وَ يَرَى الْقُصُورَ وَ الدَّرَجَاتِ وَ الْمَنَازِلَ الَّتِي تَقْصُرُ عَنْهَا أَمَانِيُّ الْمُتَمَنِّينَ،فَيَقُولُ لَهُ:لَوْ كُنْتَ لِأُولَئِكَ مُوَالِياً كَانَتْ رُوحُكَ يَعْرُجُ بِهَا إِلَى حَضْرَتِهِمْ،وَ كَانَ يَكُونُ مَأْوَاكَ فِي تِلْكَ الْجِنَانِ،وَ كَانَتْ تَكُونُ مَنَازِلُكَ فِيهَا؛وَ إِنْ كُنْتَ عَلَى مُخَالَفَتِهِمْ،فَقَدْ حُرِمْتَ[مِنْ]حَضْرَتِهِمْ،وَ مُنِعْتَ مُجَاوَرَتَهُمْ،وَ تِلْكَ مَنَازِلُكَ،وَ أُولَئِكَ مُجَاوِرُوكَ وَ مُقَارِبُوكَ،فَانْظُرْ.فَيُرْفَعُ لَهُ عَنْ حُجُبِ الْهَاوِيَةِ،فَيَرَاهَا بِمَا فِيهَا مِنْ بَلاَيَاهَا وَ دَوَاهِيهَا وَ عَقَارِبِهَا وَ حَيَّاتِهَا وَ أَفَاعِيهَا وَ ضُرُوبِ عَذَابِهَا وَ أَنْكَالِهَا،فَيُقَالُ لَهُ:فَتِلْكَ إِذَنْ مَنَازِلُكَ.ثُمَّ تَمَثَّلُ لَهُ شَيَاطِينُهُ،هَؤُلاَءِ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا يُغْوُونَهُ وَ يَقْبَلُ مِنْهُمْ،مُقَرَّنِينَ مَعَهُ هُنَاكَ فِي تِلْكَ الْأَصْفَادِ وَ الْأَغْلاَلِ،فَيَكُونُ مَوْتُهُ بِأَشَدِّ حَسْرَةٍ وَ أَعْظَمِ أَسَفٍ».

99- _2- And from it: Imam ‘Ali b. al-Husayn (peace be upon them) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: These who conceal the description of Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah, and deny the attributes of ‘Ali, the Friend of Allah—when the Angel of Death comes to seize their souls, he comes to them in the most frightful aspect and the ugliest of faces; and the rebellious devils of theirs, whom they had known, surround them at the wrenching out of their souls. Then the Angel of Death says: Rejoice, O filthy soul who disbelieved in its Lord by denying the prophethood of His Prophet and the Imamate of ‘Ali, His legatee, with a curse from Allah and His wrath. Then he says: Raise your head and your gaze and look. So he looks and sees beneath the Throne Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) upon a couch before the Throne of the All-Merciful, and he sees ‘Ali (peace be upon him) upon a chair before him, and the rest of the Imams (peace be upon them) in their noble ranks in his presence. Then he sees the Gardens with their gates opened, and he sees the palaces, the degrees, and the abodes that fall short of the aspirations of those who aspire. He is told: If you were loyal to those, your soul would ascend to their presence, and your refuge would be in those Gardens, and your dwellings would be therein; but since you were in opposition to them, you have been deprived of their presence and prevented from neighboring them. Those are your abodes, and those are your neighbors and those near you—look. Then the veils of the Abyss are lifted for him, and he sees it with what it contains of calamities and disasters, its scorpions, its serpents, its vipers, and its kinds of torment and shackles; and it is said to him: So those, then, are your abodes. Then his devils—those who used to mislead him and whom he used to heed—are made to appear to him, chained with him there in those fetters and shackles. Thus his death is with the utmost regret and the greatest sorrow.

قوله تعالى:

إِنَّمٰا يَأْمُرُكُمْ بِالسُّوءِ وَ الْفَحْشٰاءِ وَ أَنْ تَقُولُوا عَلَى اللّٰهِ مٰا لاٰ تَعْلَمُونَ[169]

The saying of the Most High (Qur’an 2:169):

He only enjoins you evil and indecency, and that you may speak against Allah what you do not know. (M. H. Shakir)

المراجع:

_1) -التهذيب 1:1527/466،عنه مجمع البيان 1:434.

_1) -al-Tahdhib 1:1527/466, ‘anhu Majma‘ al-Bayan 1:434.

_2) -مسند أحمد 3:131 و 239،سنن النسائي 6:36،مستدرك الحاكم 2:75،الدّر المنثور 1:276 و 2:377.

_2) -Musnad Ahmad 3:131 wa 239, Sunan al-Nasa’i 6:36, Mustadrak al-Hakim 2:75, al-Durr al-Manthur 1:276 wa 2:377.

_3) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السّلام):333/571.

_3) -al-Tafsir al-mansub ila al-Imam al-‘Askari (alayhi al-salam): 333/571.

[1] التهذيب 1:1526/466،عنه مجمع البيان 1:434.

[1] al-Tahdhib 1:1526/466, ‘anhu Majma‘ al-Bayan 1:434.

[1] السّحق:البعد.

[1] al-sahq: al-bu‘d.