Concerning the Conditions and Religious Etiquettes of the Ziyārah

در شروط و آداب شرعيه‌ي زيارت

باب ششم: در شروط و آداب شرعيه زيارت.اما شروط: پس به موجب روايات بسيار، عمده‌اش خلوص نيت است، كه به جهت تقرب الي الله باشد، نه به جهت افتخار، و ريا، و سمعه، يا به جهت صله پيغمبر (صلي الله عليه و آله) خدا باشد، يا به جهت ترحم بر سيدالشهداء باشد، كه مقصودش جبر قلب آن جناب باشد، و همه راجع به قصد تقرب است، و تأثيرات مختلف مي‌شود به تفاوت مراتب معرفت به حق آن حضرت، پس اصل معرفت به حق او لازم است. [872] .و اما آداب: پس در جمله‌ي كتب معتبره به اسناد بسيار منقول است از حضرت صادق (عليه‌السلام) كه چون به زيارت حضرت حسين (عليه‌السلام) روي، بايد محزون و افسرده، و غبارآلود، و گرسنه، و تشنه باشي، زيرا كه آن جناب را كشتند در حالتي كه [ صفحه 296] محزون و افسرده و گردآلود، و گرسنه، و تشنه بود [873] ، و فرمودند كه: شنيده‌ام كه جمعي چون به زيارت آن جناب مي‌روند سفره برمي‌دارند، و در آن حلوا و طعامهاي لذيذ مي‌گذارند، و اگر به زيارت قبور دوستان خود روند، چنين نمي‌كنند. [874] .و در روايت ديگر است كه به شخصي فرمودند: آيا سفره همراه برمي‌داري؟ عرض كرد بلي، فرمود: اگر به زيارت قبر پدر و مادر خود رويد چنين نخواهيد كرد، عرض كرد: پس چه چيز بايد بخوريم؟ فرمود: نان با شير يا دوغ [875] .و در كامل به سند معتبر از مفضل روايت نموده، كه حضرت صادق (عليه‌السلام) فرمود كه: گاهي به زيارت مي‌رويد و آن بهتر است از اينكه نرويد، و اگر به زيارت نرويد بهتر است از اينكه برويد، عرض كردم: كمر مرا شكستي به اين كلام، فرمود: اگر يكي از شما به زيارت قبر پدرش رود، البته محزون و افسرده مي‌رود، و به زيارت آن حضرت مي‌رويد با سفره مي‌رويد. [876] .يعني با اسباب تعيش و كيف، و اين زيارت محسوب نمي‌شود، بلكه بايد محزون و غبارآلوده برويد، و از اهم آداب، غسل در آب فرات است، و غير آن چنانكه در كيفيت زيارت جابر بيايد. (ان شاء الله).

Concerning the Conditions and Religious Etiquettes of the Ziyārah

Chapter Six: Concerning the conditions and religious etiquettes of the ziyārah.

As for the conditions: According to numerous narrations, the most important of them is sincerity of intention (ikhlāṣ al-niyyah), namely that it should be performed seeking nearness to Allah, and not for pride, ostentation (riyāʾ), or reputation (sumʿah).

Or it should be performed in order to maintain the bond with the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w.a.).

Or it should be performed out of compassion for Sayyid al-Shuhadāʾ (a.s.), with the intention of consoling the heart of that noble one.

All of these ultimately return to the intention of seeking nearness to Allah.

The effects differ according to the varying degrees of maʿrifah (recognition and knowledge) of the right and status of that noble one (a.s.).

Therefore, the fundamental requirement is maʿrifah of his right. [872]

As for the etiquettes: It is narrated in many reliable books through numerous chains from Imam al-Sadiq (a.s.) that when you go to visit Imam Husain (a.s.), you should be sorrowful, grief-stricken, dust-covered, hungry, and thirsty.

For that noble one was killed while he was

[ صفحه 296]

sorrowful, grief-stricken, dust-covered, hungry, and thirsty. [873]

And he (a.s.) said:

“I have heard that some people, when they go to visit that noble one, take along dining cloths and place upon them sweets and delicious foods. Yet if they were to visit the graves of their own friends, they would not do so.” [874]

And in another narration, he (a.s.) said to a man:

“Do you take provisions and a dining cloth with you?”

He replied:

“Yes.”

The Imam (a.s.) said:

“If you were going to visit the grave of your father or mother, you would not do this.”

The man said:

“Then what should we eat?”

The Imam (a.s.) replied:

“Bread with milk, or bread with buttermilk.” [875]

And in Kamil al-Ziyarat, through a reliable chain from al-Mufaddal, it is narrated that Imam al-Sadiq (a.s.) said:

“Sometimes you go for the ziyārah and it is better than not going. And sometimes not going is better than going.”

I said:

“You have broken my back with these words.”

He (a.s.) said:

“If one of you were to visit the grave of his father, he would certainly go in a state of sorrow and grief. Yet when you go to visit that noble one, you go carrying dining cloths and provisions.” [876]

Meaning: you go with the means of comfort, enjoyment, and luxury.

Such a visit is not truly regarded as ziyārah.

Rather, you should go in a state of sorrow and dust-covered humility.

And among the most important etiquettes is performing ghusl in the water of the Euphrates (Furat), and other matters, as will be mentioned, Allah willing, in the description of the ziyārah of Jabir (in shāʾ Allāh).