S 2 A 116
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قَالَ:قَالَ زُرَارَةُ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):اَلصَّلاَةُ فِي السَّفَرِ فِي السَّفِينَةِ وَ الْمَحْمِلِ سَوَاءٌ؟ قَالَ:«النَّافِلَةُ كُلُّهَا سَوَاءٌ تُومِئُ إِيمَاءً أَيْنَمَا تَوَجَّهَتْ دَابَّتُكَ وَ سَفِينَتُكَ،وَ الْفَرِيضَةُ تَنْزِلُ لَهَا مِنَ الْمَحْمِلِ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ إِلاَّ مِنْ خَوْفٍ،فَإِنْ خِفْتَ أَوْ أَوْمَأْتَ،وَ أَمَّا السَّفِينَةُ فَصَلِّ فِيهَا قَائِماً وَ تَوَجَّهْ إِلَى الْقِبْلَةِ [1] بِجُهْدِكَ،فَإِنَّ نُوحاً(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَدْ صَلَّى الْفَرِيضَةَ فِيهَا قَائِماً مُتَوَجِّهاً إِلَى الْقِبْلَةِ وَ هِيَ مُطْبِقَةٌ عَلَيْهِمْ».
قَالَ:وَ مَا كَانَ عِلْمُهُ بِالْقِبْلَةِ فَيَتَوَجَّهُهَا وَ هِيَ مُطْبِقَةٌ عَلَيْهِمْ؟قَالَ:«كَانَ جَبْرَئِيلُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يُقَوِّمُهُ نَحْوَهَا».
قَالَ:قُلْتُ:فَأَتَوَجَّهُ نَحْوَهَا فِي كُلِّ تَكْبِيرَةٍ؟قَالَ:«أَمَّا فِي النَّافِلَةِ فَلاَ،إِنَّمَا تُكَبِّرُ فِي النَّافِلَةِ عَلَى غَيْرِ الْقِبْلَةِ،اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ».ثُمَّ قَالَ:«كُلُّ ذَلِكَ قِبْلَةٌ لِلْمُتَنَفِّلِ،فَإِنَّهُ تَعَالَى قَالَ: فَأَيْنَمٰا تُوَلُّوا فَثَمَّ وَجْهُ اللّٰهِ إِنَّ اللّٰهَ وٰاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ ».
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He said: Zurara said: I asked Abu Abdillah (peace be upon him): Is prayer while traveling the same in a ship and in a howdah? He said: “All supererogatory prayers are the same; you gesture by indication wherever your mount or your ship faces. As for the obligatory prayer, you dismount from the howdah to the ground for it, except out of fear; if you fear, then gesture. As for the ship, pray in it standing and face the qibla to the best of your ability, for Noah (peace be upon him) performed the obligatory prayer in it standing, facing the qibla, while it was closed over them.” He said: And how did he know the qibla so as to face it when it was closed over them? He said: “Gabriel (peace be upon him) set him aright towards it.” He said: I asked: Then should I turn towards it at every takbir? He said: “As for the supererogatory prayer, no; you pronounce the takbir in the supererogatory prayer not facing the qibla: ‘Allahu Akbar.’” Then he said: “All of that is a qibla for the one praying supererogatory prayers, for He, exalted is He, said: ‘So wherever you turn, there is the face of Allah; surely Allah is Ample-giving, Knowing.’”
Qur’an reference for the quoted verse: al-Baqara 2:115
M. H. Shakir: And Allah’s is the East and the West, therefore, whither you turn, thither is Allah’s purpose; surely Allah is Ample-giving, Knowing.
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عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ يَقْرَأُ السَّجْدَةَ وَ هُوَ عَلَى ظَهْرِ دَابَّتِهِ،قَالَ:«يَسْجُدُ حَيْثُ تَوَجَّهَتْ،فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)كَانَ يُصَلِّي عَلَى نَاقَتِهِ النَّافِلَةَ وَ هُوَ مُسْتَقْبِلُ الْمَدِينَةِ، يَقُولُ: فَأَيْنَمٰا تُوَلُّوا فَثَمَّ وَجْهُ اللّٰهِ إِنَّ اللّٰهَ وٰاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ ».
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From Hammad ibn ‘Uthman, from Abu Abdillah (peace be upon him), who said: I asked him about a man who recites a verse of prostration while on the back of his mount. He said: “He prostrates in whatever direction it faces, for the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) used to pray supererogatory prayers on his she-camel while facing Medina, saying: ‘So wherever you turn, there is the face of Allah; surely Allah is Ample-giving, Knowing.’”
Qur’an reference for the quoted verse: al-Baqara 2:115
M. H. Shakir: And Allah’s is the East and the West, therefore, whither you turn, thither is Allah’s purpose; surely Allah is Ample-giving, Knowing.
قوله تعالى:
وَ قٰالُوا اتَّخَذَ اللّٰهُ وَلَداً سُبْحٰانَهُ بَلْ لَهُ مٰا فِي السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ كُلٌّ لَهُ قٰانِتُونَ [116]
English (M. H. Shakir), Qur’an 2:116: And they say: Allah has taken to Himself a son. Glory be to Him; rather, whatever is in the heavens and the earth is His; all are obedient to Him.
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مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ،عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَظِيمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَسَنِيِّ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَسْبَاطٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ مَوْلَى طِرْبَالٍ،عَنْ هِشَامٍ الْجَوَالِيقِيِّ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ قَوْلِ:سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ [2]،مَا يُعْنَى بِهِ؟قَالَ:«تَنْزِيهُهُ».
وَ سَتَأْتِي-إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ-فِي ذَلِكَ الرِّوَايَاتُ بِكَثْرَةٍ فِي مَعْنَى قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: وَ سُبْحٰانَ اللّٰهِ وَ مٰا أَنَا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ [3]فِي سُورَةِ يُوسُفَ [4].
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Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub: from Ahmad ibn Mihran, from ‘Abd al-‘Azim ibn ‘Abdillah al-Hasani, from ‘Ali ibn Asbat, from Sulayman, the client of Tirbal, from Hisham al-Jawwāliqī, who said: I asked Abu Abdillah (peace be upon him) about the phrase: “Subhan Allah” [2]—what does it mean? He said: “Declaring Him transcendent (absolving Him of imperfection).” And, God willing, many reports will come regarding the meaning of His saying: “And glory be to Allah, and I am not of the polytheists” [3] in Surat Yusuf [4].
قوله تعالى:
بَدِيعُ السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ وَ إِذٰا قَضىٰ أَمْراً فَإِنَّمٰا يَقُولُ لَهُ كُنْ فَيَكُونُ [117]
English (M. H. Shakir), Qur’an 2:117: Wonderful Originator of the heavens and the earth, and when He decrees an affair, He only says to it, Be, and it is.
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مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى،عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ،عَنْ سَدِيرٍ الصَّيْرَفِيِّ،قَالَ:سَمِعْتُ حُمْرَانَ بْنَ أَعْيَنَ يَسْأَلُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: بَدِيعُ السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ ؟ فَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ ابْتَدَعَ الْأَشْيَاءَ كُلَّهَا بِعِلْمِهِ عَلَى غَيْرِ مِثَالٍ كَانَ قَبْلَهُ،فَابْتَدَعَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ الْأَرَضِينَ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ قَبْلَهُنَّ سَمَاوَاتٌ وَ لاَ أَرَضُونَ،أَ مَا تَسْمَعُ لِقَوْلِهِ: وَ كٰانَ عَرْشُهُ عَلَى الْمٰاءِ [1]».
وَ رَوَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الصَّفَّارُ فِي(بَصَائِرِ الدَّرَجَاتِ)عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ،عَنْ سَدِيرٍ،قَالَ:سَمِعْتُ حُمْرَانَ بْنَ أَعْيَنَ يَسْأَلُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)الْحَدِيثَ [2].
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Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub: from Muhammad ibn Yahya, from ‘Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa, from al-Hasan ibn Mahbub, from ‘Ali ibn Ri’ab, from Sadir al-Sayrafi, who said: I heard Humran ibn A‘yan ask Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) about the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: “Originator of the heavens and the earth.” Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) said: “Indeed Allah, Mighty and Majestic, originated all things by His knowledge without any prior pattern; He originated the heavens and the earths, and there had not been heavens nor earths before them. Do you not hear His saying: ‘And His Throne was upon the water’ [1]?” And Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Saffar narrated this hadith in Basā’ir al-Darajāt from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from al-Hasan ibn Mahbub, from ‘Ali ibn Ri’ab, from Sadir, who said: I heard Humran ibn A‘yan ask Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) the hadith [2].
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مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ،عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى،قَالَ:
قُلْتُ لِأَبِي الْحَسَنِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):أَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الْإِرَادَةِ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَ مِنَ الْخَلْقِ؟ قَالَ:فَقَالَ:«الْإِرَادَةُ مِنَ الْخَلْقِ الضَّمِيرُ،وَ مَا يَبْدُو لَهُمْ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْفِعْلِ،وَ أَمَّا مِنَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى فَإِرَادَتُهُ لِلْفِعْلِ إِحْدَاثُهُ لاَ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ،لِأَنَّهُ لاَ يُرَوِّي وَ لاَ يَهُمُّ وَ لاَ يَتَفَكَّرُ،وَ هَذِهِ الصِّفَاتُ مَنْفِيَّةٌ عَنْهُ،وَ هِيَ صِفَاتُ الْخَلْقِ،فَإِرَادَةُ اللَّهِ الْفِعْلُ لاَ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ،يَقُولُ لَهُ:كُنْ فَيَكُونُ بِلاَ لَفْظٍ وَ لاَ نُطْقٍ بِلِسَانٍ،وَ لاَ هِمَّةٍ وَ لاَ تَفَكُّرٍ،وَ لاَ كَيْفٍ لِذَلِكَ،كَمَا أَنَّهُ لاَ كَيْفَ لَهُ».
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Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub: from Ahmad ibn Idris, from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar, from Safwan ibn Yahya, who said: I said to Abu al-Hasan (peace be upon him): Tell me about will (irada) from Allah and from the creation. He said: “The will, in the case of the creation, is the inner resolve, and what then appears to them after that in action. But as for Allah, exalted is He, His will for an action is its bringing-into-existence—nothing else—because He does not deliberate, nor intend, nor reflect; these attributes are negated from Him and they are the attributes of the creation. Thus Allah’s will is the act itself, nothing else. He says to it: ‘Be!’ and it is—without utterance, without speech by a tongue, without inclination or reflection, and without any modality for that, just as He has no modality.”
قوله تعالى:
اَلَّذِينَ آتَيْنٰاهُمُ الْكِتٰابَ يَتْلُونَهُ حَقَّ تِلاٰوَتِهِ أُولٰئِكَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِهِ وَ مَنْ يَكْفُرْ بِهِ فَأُولٰئِكَ هُمُ الْخٰاسِرُونَ [121]
English (M. H. Shakir), Qur’an 2:121: Those to whom We have given the Book read it as it ought to be read. These believe in it; and whoever disbelieves in it, these it is that are the losers.
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مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ،عَنْ أَبِي وَلاَّدٍ، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: اَلَّذِينَ آتَيْنٰاهُمُ الْكِتٰابَ يَتْلُونَهُ حَقَّ تِلاٰوَتِهِ أُولٰئِكَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِهِ ؟
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Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub: from Muhammad ibn Yahya, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Ibn Mahbub, from Abu Walad, who said: I asked Abu Abdillah (peace be upon him) about His saying, Mighty and Majestic: “Those to whom We have given the Book read it as it ought to be read—these believe in it.”
المراجع والحواشي:
_6) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:81/56.
Transliteration: Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:81/56.
_7) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:82/57.
Transliteration: Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:82/57.
_1) -الكافي 1:11/92.
Transliteration: al-Kāfī 1:11/92.
[1] في المصدر:و توخّ القبلة.
Transliteration: fī al-maṣdar: wa tawakhkha al-qibla.
[2] في المصدر:عن قوله اللّه عزّ و جلّ: سبحان اللّه .
Transliteration: fī al-maṣdar: ‘an qawlihi Allāh ‘azza wa jall: Subḥān Allāh.
[3] يوسف 12:108.
Transliteration: Yūsuf 12:108.
[4] تأتي في الأحاديث(12-16)من تفسير الآية(108)من سورة يوسف.
Transliteration: ta’tī fī al-aḥādīth (12–16) min tafsīr al-āyah (108) min Sūrat Yūsuf.
_1) -الكافي 1:2/200.
Transliteration: al-Kāfī 1:2/200.
_2) -الكافي 1:3/85.
Transliteration: al-Kāfī 1:3/85.
_3) -الكافي 1:4/168.
Transliteration: al-Kāfī 1:4/168.
[1] هود 11:7.
Transliteration: Hūd 11:7.
[2] بصائر الدرجات:1/133.
Transliteration: Baṣā’ir al-Darajāt 1:133.
[3] روّيت في الأمر:إذا نظرت فيه و فكّرت.«الصحاح-روى-6:2364».
Transliteration: ruw-wiya fī al-amr: idhā naẓarta fīhi wa fakkarta. “al-Ṣiḥāḥ – rawā – 6:2364”.