S 2 A 238

بقرة آيه 238

Translation: Al-Baqarah, verse 238

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يَأْتِي عَلَى النَّاسِ زَمَانٌ عَضُوضٌ،يَعَضُّ كُلُّ امْرِئٍ عَلَى مَا فِي يَدَيْهِ،وَ يَنْسَوْنَ الْفَضْلَ بَيْنَهُمْ؛قَالَ اللَّهُ: وَ لاٰ تَنْسَوُا الْفَضْلَ بَيْنَكُمْ.

Translation: A time of harshness will come upon the people; each person will cling fiercely to what is in his hands, and they will forget graciousness among themselves. Allah said: And do not forget liberality between yourselves.

قوله تعالى:

حٰافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوٰاتِ وَ الصَّلاٰةِ الْوُسْطىٰ وَ قُومُوا لِلّٰهِ قٰانِتِينَ [238]

Reference: Al-Baqarah 2:238

Translation (M. H. Shakir): Guard the prayers and the middle prayer, and stand up truly obedient to Allah.

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سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَمَّا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مِنَ الصَّلاَةِ.فَقَالَ:خَمْسُ صَلَوَاتٍ فِي اللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهَارِ». فَقُلْتُ:فَهَلْ سَمَّاهُنَّ اللَّهُ وَ بَيَّنَهُنَّ فِي كِتَابِهِ؟ قَالَ:«نَعَمْ،قَالَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى لِنَبِيِّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): أَقِمِ الصَّلاٰةَ لِدُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ إِلىٰ غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ [1]، وَ دُلُوكُهَا:زَوَالُهَا،فَفِي مَا بَيْنَ دُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ إِلَى غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ أَرْبَعُ صَلَوَاتٍ سَمَّاهُنَّ وَ بَيَّنَهُنَّ وَ وَقَّتَهُنَّ،وَ غَسَقُ اللَّيْلِ:هُوَ انْتِصَافُهُ،ثُمَّ قَالَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى: وَ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ إِنَّ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ كٰانَ مَشْهُوداً [2]،فَهَذِهِ الْخَامِسَةُ. وَ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي ذَلِكَ: وَ أَقِمِ الصَّلاٰةَ طَرَفَيِ النَّهٰارِ ،وَ طَرَفَاهُ:اَلْمَغْرِبُ وَ الْغَدَاةُ وَ زُلَفاً مِنَ اللَّيْلِ [3]،وَ هِيَ صَلاَةُ الْعِشَاءِ الْآخِرَةِ،وَ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: حٰافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوٰاتِ وَ الصَّلاٰةِ الْوُسْطىٰ ،وَ هِيَ صَلاَةُ الظُّهْرِ،وَ هِيَ أَوَّلُ صَلاَةٍ صَلاَّهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،وَ هِيَ وَسَطُ النَّهَارِ،وَ وَسَطُ صَلاَتَيْنِ بِالنَّهَارِ:صَلاَةِ الْغَدَاةِ،وَ صَلاَةِ الْعَصْرِ». وَ فِي بَعْضِ الْقِرَاءَاتِ:«حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَ الصَّلاَةِ الْوُسْطَى صَلاَةِ الْعَصْرِ وَ قُومُوا لِلَّهِ قَانِتِينَ». قَالَ:«وَ نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ،وَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)فِي سَفَرِهِ،فَقَنَتَ فِيهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)وَ تَرَكَهَا عَلَى حَالِهَا فِي السَّفَرِ وَ الْحَضَرِ،وَ أَضَافَ لِلْمُقِيمِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ،وَ إِنَّمَا وُضِعَتِ الرَّكْعَتَانِ اللَّتَانِ أَضَافَهُمَا النَّبِيُّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ لِلْمُقِيمِ لِمَكَانِ الْخُطْبَتَيْنِ مَعَ الْإِمَامِ،فَمَنْ صَلَّى يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ فِي غَيْرِ جَمَاعَةٍ،فَلْيُصَلِّهَا أَرْبَعَ رَكَعَاتٍ كَصَلاَةِ الظُّهْرِ فِي سَائِرِ الْأَيَّامِ».

Translation: I asked Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) about what Allah, Mighty and Majestic, has made obligatory of the prayer. He said: Five prayers in the night and the day. I said: Has Allah named them and clarified them in His Book? He said: Yes. Allah, Blessed and Exalted, said to His Prophet (Allah bless him and his family): Keep up prayer from the declining of the sun till the darkness of the night [1]. Its “declining” is its meridian, and between the sun’s decline and the darkness of night are four prayers which He named, clarified, and timed. The “darkness of night” is its middle. Then He, Blessed and Exalted, said: And the morning recitation; surely the morning recitation is witnessed [2]—and this is the fifth. And Allah, Exalted, said regarding that: And keep up prayer in the two ends of the day—and its two ends are Maghrib and the morning—and in the first hours of the night [3]—and that is the last night prayer (‘Isha). And Allah, Exalted, said: Guard the prayers and the middle prayer—and it is the noon (zuhr) prayer, and it is the first prayer the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family) performed; it is the middle of the day and the middle between the two daytime prayers, the morning (fajr) prayer and the afternoon (‘asr) prayer. And in some readings: Guard the prayers and the middle prayer, the afternoon prayer, and stand before Allah devoutly. He said: This verse was revealed on the day of Friday while the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family) was on a journey. The Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family) performed qunut in it, and he left it as it was for both travel and residence, and he added two rak‘ahs for the one not traveling. The two rak‘ahs which the Prophet (Allah bless him and his family) added on Friday for the one not traveling were instituted on account of the two sermons with the Imam. So whoever performs it on Friday not in congregation should perform it as four rak‘ahs like the noon prayer on the other days.

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سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) يَقُولُ: «صَلاَةُ الْوُسْطَى صَلاَةُ الظُّهْرِ،وَ هِيَ أَوَّلُ صَلاَةٍ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى نَبِيِّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)».

Translation: I heard Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) say: The middle prayer is the noon prayer, and it is the first prayer Allah revealed to His Prophet (Allah bless him and his family).

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أَنَّهُ قَرَأَ:«حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَ الصَّلاَةِ الْوُسْطَى صَلاَةِ الْعَصْرِ وَ قُومُوا لِلَّهِ قَانِتِينَ».

Translation: He recited: Guard the prayers and the middle prayer, the afternoon prayer, and stand before Allah devoutly.

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قُلْتُ لَهُ:اَلصَّلاَةُ الْوُسْطَى؟ فَقَالَ:«حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَ الصَّلاَةِ الْوُسْطَى وَ صَلاَةِ الْعَصْرِ وَ قُومُوا لِلَّهِ قَانِتِينَ.وَ الْوُسْطَى:هِيَ الظُّهْرُ، وَ كَذَلِكَ كَانَ يَقْرَأُهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)».

Translation: I said to him: The middle prayer? He said: Guard the prayers and the middle prayer and the afternoon prayer, and stand before Allah devoutly. And the middle one is the noon (zuhr). Thus did the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family) recite it.

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« حٰافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوٰاتِ وَ الصَّلاٰةِ الْوُسْطىٰ وَ الْوُسْطَى:هِيَ أَوَّلُ صَلاَةٍ صَلاَّهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،وَ هِيَ وَسَطُ صَلاَتَيْنِ بِالنَّهَارِ:صَلاَةِ الْغَدَاةِ،وَ صَلاَةِ الْعَصْرِ، وَ قُومُوا لِلَّهِ قَانِتِينَ فِي الصَّلاَةِ الْوُسْطَى». وَ قَالَ:«نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ،وَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)فِي سَفَرٍ فَقَنَتَ فِيهَا وَ تَرَكَهَا عَلَى حَالِهَا فِي السَّفَرِ وَ الْحَضَرِ،وَ أَضَافَ لِمَقَامِهِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ،وَ إِنَّمَا وُضِعَتِ الرَّكْعَتَانِ اللَّتَانِ أَضَافَهُمَا يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ لِلْمُقِيمِ لِمَكَانِ الْخُطْبَتَيْنِ مَعَ الْإِمَامِ،فَمَنْ صَلَّى الْجُمُعَةَ فِي غَيْرِ الْجَمَاعَةِ،فَلْيُصَلِّهَا أَرْبَعاً كَصَلاَةِ الظُّهْرِ فِي سَائِرِ الْأَيَّامِ». قَالَ:قَوْلُهُ: وَ قُومُوا لِلّٰهِ قٰانِتِينَ قَالَ:«مُطِيعِينَ رَاغِبِينَ».

Translation: Guard the prayers and the middle prayer. The middle one is the first prayer that the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family) performed; it is the middle between the two daytime prayers—the morning (fajr) prayer and the afternoon (‘asr) prayer—and stand before Allah devoutly in the middle prayer. And he said: This verse was revealed on Friday while the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family) was on a journey, so he performed qunut in it and left it as it was for travel and residence; and he added two rak‘ahs when resident. The two rak‘ahs that he added on Friday for the resident were instituted on account of the two sermons with the Imam. So whoever performs Friday [prayer] not in congregation should perform it as four [rak‘ahs], like the noon prayer on the other days. He said regarding His words, And stand before Allah devoutly: obedient and desirous.

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سَأَلاَ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: حٰافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوٰاتِ وَ الصَّلاٰةِ الْوُسْطىٰ .قَالَ:«صَلاَةُ الظُّهْرِ؛وَ فِيهَا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ الْجُمُعَةَ،وَ فِيهَا السَّاعَةُ الَّتِي لاَ يُوَافِقُهَا عَبْدٌ مُسْلِمٌ فَيَسْأَلَ خَيْراً إِلاَّ أَعْطَاهُ اللَّهُ إِيَّاهُ».

Translation: They asked Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) about the words of Allah: Guard the prayers and the middle prayer. He said: [It is] the noon prayer; and in it Allah made Friday obligatory, and in it is the hour which no Muslim servant meets while asking for good except that Allah grants it to him.

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«الصَّلاَةُ الْوُسْطَى:اَلظُّهْرُ وَ قُومُوا لِلّٰهِ قٰانِتِينَ إِقْبَالُ الرَّجُلِ عَلَى صَلاَتِهِ،وَ مُحَافَظَتُهُ عَلَى وَقْتِهَا حَتَّى لاَ يُلْهِيَهُ عَنْهَا وَ لاَ يَشْغَلَهُ شَيْءٌ».

Translation: The middle prayer is the noon prayer. And “stand before Allah devoutly” is a man’s turning fully to his prayer and guarding its time such that nothing distracts or busies him away from it.

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«الصَّلاَةُ الْوُسْطَى:هِيَ الْوُسْطَى مِنْ صَلاَةِ النَّهَارِ،وَ هِيَ الظُّهْرُ،وَ إِنَّمَا يُحَافِظُ أَصْحَابُنَا عَلَى الزَّوَالِ مِنْ أَجْلِهَا».

Translation: The middle prayer is the middle of the daytime prayers, and it is the noon prayer; and our companions are careful about [praying at] the time of the sun’s decline because of it.

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وَ قُومُوا لِلّٰهِ قٰانِتِينَ قَالَ:«هُوَ الدُّعَاءُ».

Translation: “And stand before Allah devoutly”—he said: It is supplication.

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«حٰافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوٰاتِ وَ الصَّلاٰةِ الْوُسْطىٰ وَ قُومُوا لِلّٰهِ قٰانِتِينَ .قَالَ:«الصَّلَوَاتُ:رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)وَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ فَاطِمَةُ وَ الْحَسَنُ وَ الْحُسَيْنُ(سَلاَمُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ)،وَ الْوُسْطَى:أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ قُومُوا لِلّٰهِ قٰانِتِينَ طَائِعِينَ لِلْأَئِمَّةِ».

Translation: Guard the prayers and the middle prayer, and stand before Allah devoutly. He said: “The prayers” are the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family), the Commander of the Faithful, Fatimah, al-Hasan, and al-Husayn (peace of Allah be upon them); and “the middle” is the Commander of the Faithful; and “stand before Allah devoutly” means: obedient to the Imams.

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الْقُنُوتُ:هُوَ الدُّعَاءُ فِي الصَّلاَةِ حَالَ الْقِيَامِ. وَ هُوَ الْمَرْوِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ وَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ).

Translation: Qunut is supplication in the prayer during the standing. This is what is narrated from Abu Ja‘far and Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon them both).

قوله تعالى:

فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ فَرِجٰالاً أَوْ رُكْبٰاناً [239]

Reference: Al-Baqarah 2:239

Translation (M. H. Shakir): But if you are in danger, then (say your prayers) on foot or on horseback; and when you are secure, then remember Allah, as He has taught you what you did not know.

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سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ فَرِجٰالاً أَوْ رُكْبٰاناً كَيْفَ يُصَلِّي،وَ مَا يَقُولُ إِذَا خَافَ مِنْ سَبُعٍ أَوْ لِصٍّ،كَيْفَ يُصَلِّي؟قَالَ:«يُكَبِّرُ وَ يُومِئُ إِيمَاءً بِرَأْسِهِ».

Translation: I asked Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) about the words of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: But if you are in danger, then (pray) on foot or on horseback—how does he pray, and what does he say if he fears a wild beast or a thief? How does he pray? He said: He pronounces the takbir and gestures with his head.

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قُلْتُ لَهُ:أَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ صَلاَةِ الْمُوَافَقَةِ. فَقَالَ:«فَإِذَا لَمْ يَكُنِ النَّصَفُ مِنْ عَدُوِّكَ صَلَّيْتَ إِيمَاءً،رَاجِلاً كُنْتَ أَوْ رَاكِباً،فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ: فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ فَرِجٰالاً أَوْ رُكْبٰاناً تَقُولُ فِي الرُّكُوعِ:لَكَ رَكَعْتُ وَ أَنْتَ رَبِّي.وَ فِي السُّجُودِ:لَكَ سَجَدْتُ وَ أَنْتَ رَبِّي.أَيْنَمَا تَوَجَّهَتْ بِكَ دَابَّتُكَ،غَيْرَ أَنَّكَ تَوَجَّهُ حِينَ تُكَبِّرُ أَوَّلَ تَكْبِيرَةٍ».

Translation: I said to him: Inform me about the prayer in a situation of confrontation [battle]. He said: When there is no fair chance [of parity] against your enemy, you pray by gesturing, whether you are on foot or mounted, for Allah says: But if you are in danger, then (pray) on foot or on horseback. You say in bowing: “For You I have bowed, and You are my Lord.” And in prostration: “For You I have prostrated, and You are my Lord,” wherever your mount turns with you—except that you face [the qiblah] when you pronounce the first takbir.

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«فَاتَ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)وَ النَّاسَ يَوْماً [بِصِفِّينَ]-يَعْنِي صَلاَةَ الظُّهْرِ وَ الْعَصْرِ وَ الْمَغْرِبِ وَ الْعِشَاءِ-فَأَمَرَهُمْ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)أَنْ يُسَبِّحُوا وَ يُكَبِّرُوا وَ يُهَلِّلُوا؛قَالَ:وَ قَالَ اللَّهُ: فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ فَرِجٰالاً أَوْ رُكْبٰاناً فَأَمَرَهُمْ عَلِيٌّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)فَصَنَعُوا ذَلِكَ رُكْبَاناً وَ رِجَالاً».

Translation: One day at Siffin, the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) and the people missed—the noon, afternoon, sunset, and night prayers. The Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) ordered them to glorify, to pronounce the takbir, and to proclaim the tahlil, for Allah said: But if you are in danger, then (pray) on foot or on horseback. ‘Ali (peace be upon him) commanded them, and they did that while mounted and on foot.

[1] الإسراء 17:78.

Transliteration: al-Isrā’ 17:78.

[2] الإسراء 17:78.

Transliteration: al-Isrā’ 17:78.

[3] هود 11:114.

Transliteration: Hūd 11:114.

_24) تفسير العيّاشي 1:414/126.

Transliteration: Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:414/126.

_1) الكافي 3:1/271.

Transliteration: al-Kāfī 3:1/271.

_2) معاني الأخبار:1/331.

Transliteration: Ma‘ānī al-Akhbār 1:331.

_3) تفسير القمّيّ 1:79.

Transliteration: Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:79.

_4) تفسير العيّاشي 1:415/127.

Transliteration: Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:415/127.

_5) تفسير العيّاشي 1:416/127.

Transliteration: Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:416/127.

_6) تفسير العيّاشي 1:417/127.

Transliteration: Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:417/127.

_7) تفسير العيّاشي 1:418/127.

Transliteration: Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:418/127.

_8) تفسير العيّاشي 1:419/128.

Transliteration: Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:419/128.

_9) تفسير العيّاشي 1:420/128.

Transliteration: Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:420/128.

_10) تفسير العيّاشي 1:421/128.

Transliteration: Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:421/128.

_11) مجمع البيان 2:600.

Transliteration: Majma‘ al-Bayān 2:600.

[1] المواقفة:المحاربة.«مجمع البحرين-وقف-5:130».

Transliteration: al-Muwāfaqa: al-muḥāraba. “Majma‘ al-Baḥrayn — Waqafa — 5:130.”

[2] أي الإنصاف.

Transliteration: Ayy al-inṣāf.