S 2 A 176

قوله تعالى:

ذٰلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللّٰهَ نَزَّلَ الْكِتٰابَ بِالْحَقِّ وَ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ اخْتَلَفُوا فِي الْكِتٰابِ لَفِي شِقٰاقٍ بَعِيدٍ[176]

Qur’an 2:176 — M. H. Shakir:

This is because Allah has revealed the Book with the truth; and surely those who go against the Book are in a great schism.

99- _1- (التَّفْسِيرُ الْمَنْسُوبُ إِلَى الْإِمَامِ الْعَسْكَرِيِّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): « ذٰلِكَ يَعْنِي ذَلِكَ الْعَذَابَ الَّذِي وَجَبَ عَلَى هَؤُلاَءِ بِآثَامِهِمْ وَ إِجْرَامِهِم لِمُخَالَفَتِهِمْ لِإِمَامِهِمْ،وَ زَوَالِهِمْ عَنْ مُوَالاَةِ سَيِّدِ خَلْقِ اللَّهِ بَعْدَ مُحَمَّدٍ نَبِيِّهِ،أَخِيهِ وَ صَفِيِّهِ، بِأَنَّ اللّٰهَ نَزَّلَ الْكِتٰابَ بِالْحَقِّ نَزَّلَ الْكِتَابَ الَّذِي تَوَعَّدَ فِيهِ مَنْ خَالَفَ الْمُحِقِّينَ وَ جَانَبَ الصَّادِقِينَ،وَ شَرَعَ فِي طَاعَةِ الْفَاسِقِينَ،نَزَّلَ الْكِتَابَ بِالْحَقِّ أَنَّ مَا يُوعَدُونَ بِهِ يُصِيبُهُمْ وَ لاَ يُخْطِئُهُمْ.

وَ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ اخْتَلَفُوا فِي الْكِتٰابِ فَلَمْ يُؤْمِنُوا بِهِ،قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ:إِنَّهُ سِحْرٌ.وَ بَعْضُهُمْ:إِنَّهُ شِعْرٌ.وَ بَعْضُهُمْ:إِنَّهُ كِهَانَةٌ لَفِي شِقٰاقٍ بَعِيدٍ مُخَالَفَةِ بَعِيدَةٍ عَنِ الْحَقِّ،كَأَنَّ الْحَقَّ فِي شِقٍّ وَ هُمْ فِي شِقٍّ غَيْرِهِ يُخَالِفُهُ.

قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ):هَذِهِ أَحْوَالُ مَنْ كَتَمَ فَضَائِلَنَا،وَ جَحَدَ حُقُوقَنَا،وَ سَمَّى بِأَسْمَائِنَا،وَ لَقَّبَ بِأَلْقَابِنَا،وَ أَعَانَ ظَالِمَنَا عَلَى غَصْبِ حُقُوقِنَا،وَ مَالَأَ عَلَيْنَا أَعْدَاءَنَا،وَ التَّقِيَّةُ عَلَيْكُمْ لاَ تُزْعِجُهُ،وَ الْمُخَالَفَةُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ وَ مَالِهِ وَ حَالِهِ لاَ تَبْعَثُهُ.

فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ مَعَاشِرَ شِيعَتِنَا،لاَ تَسْتَعْمِلُوا الْهُوَيْنَا وَ لاَ تَقِيَّةَ عَلَيْكُمْ،وَ لاَ تَسْتَعْمِلُوا الْمُهَاجَرَةَ وَ التَّقِيَّةُ تَمْنَعُكُمْ، وَ سَأُحَدِّثُكُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ بِمَا يَرْدَعُكُمْ وَ يَعِظُكُمْ:

دَخَلَ عَلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)رَجُلاَنِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ،فَوَطِئَ أَحَدُهُمَا عَلَى حَيَّةٍ فَلَدَغَتْهُ،وَ وَقَعَ عَلَى الْآخَرِ فِي طَرِيقِهِ مِنْ حَائِطٍ عَقْرَبٌ فَلَسَعَتْهُ وَ سَقَطَا جَمِيعاً فَكَأَنَّهُمَا لِمَا بِهِمَا يَتَضَرَّعَانِ وَ يَبْكِيَانِ،فَقِيلَ لِأَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،فَقَالَ:دَعُوهُمَا،فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يَحِنْ حِينُهُمَا،وَ لَمْ تَتِمَّ مِحْنَتُهُمَا،فَحُمِلاَ إِلَى مَنْزِلَيْهِمَا،فَبَقِيَا عَلِيلَيْنِ أَلِيمَيْنِ فِي عَذَابٍ شَدِيدٍ شَهْرَيْنِ.

ثُمَّ إِنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)بَعَثَ إِلَيْهِمَا،فَحُمِلاَ إِلَيْهِ،وَ النَّاسُ يَقُولُونَ:سَيَمُوتَانِ عَلَى أَيْدِي الْحَامِلِينَ لَهُمَا.

فَقَالَ لَهُمَا:كَيْفَ حَالُكُمَا؟قَالاَ:نَحْنُ بِأَلَمٍ عَظِيمٍ،وَ فِي عَذَابٍ شَدِيدٍ.قَالَ لَهُمَا:اِسْتَغْفِرَا اللَّهَ مِنْ كُلِّ ذَنْبٍ أَدَّاكُمَا إِلَى هَذَا،وَ تَعَوَّذَا بِاللَّهِ مِمَّا يُحْبِطُ أَجْرَكُمَا،وَ يُعْظِمُ وِزْرَكُمَا.

قَالاَ:وَ كَيْفَ ذَلِكَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ؟ فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):مَا أُصِيبَ وَاحِدٌ مِنْكُمَا إِلاَّ بِذَنْبِهِ،أَمَّا أَنْتَ يَا فُلاَنُ-وَ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى أَحَدِهِمَا-فَتَذْكُرُ يَوْمَ غَمَزَ عَلَى سَلْمَانَ الْفَارِسِيِّ(رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ)فُلاَنٌ وَ طَعَنَ عَلَيْهِ لِمُوَالاَتِهِ لَنَا،فَلَمْ يَمْنَعْكَ مِنَ الرَّدِّ وَ الاِسْتِخْفَافِ بِهِ خَوْفٌ عَلَى نَفْسِكَ وَ لاَ عَلَى أَهْلِكَ وَ لاَ عَلَى وُلْدِكِ وَ مَالِكَ،أَكْثَرُ مِنْ أَنَّكَ اسْتَحْيَيْتَهُ،فَلِذَلِكَ أَصَابَكَ،فَإِنْ أَرَدْتَ أَنْ يُزِيلَ اللَّهُ مَا

_1) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السّلام):352/586.

al-Tafsīr al-mansūb ilā al-Imām al-‘Askarī (alayhi al-salām): 352/586.

بِكَ،فَاعْتَقِدْ أَنْ لاَ تَرَى مُزْرِياً عَلَى وَلِيٍّ لَنَا تَقْدِرُ عَلَى نُصْرَتِهِ بِظَهْرِ الْغَيْبِ إِلاَّ نَصَرْتَهُ،إِلاَّ أَنْ تَخَافَ عَلَى نَفْسِكَ أَوْ أَهْلِكَ أَوْ وُلْدِكَ أَوْ مَالِكَ.

وَ قَالَ لِلْآخَرِ:فَأَنْتَ،أَ فَتَدْرِي لِمَا أَصَابَكَ مَا أَصَابَكَ؟قَالَ:لاَ.قَالَ:أَ مَا تَذْكُرُ حَيْثُ أَقْبَلَ قَنْبَرٌ خَادِمِي وَ أَنْتَ بِحَضْرَةِ فُلاَنٍ الْعَاتِي،فَقُمْتَ إِجْلاَلاً لَهُ لِإِجْلاَلِكَ لِي؟فَقَالَ لَكَ:وَ تَقُومُ لِهَذَا بِحَضْرَتِي؟!فَقُلْتَ لَهُ:وَ مَا بَالِي لاَ أَقُومُ وَ مَلاَئِكَةُ اللَّهِ تَضَعُ لَهُ أَجْنِحَتَهَا فِي طَرِيقِهِ،فَعَلَيْهَا يَمْشِي.فَلَمَّا قُلْتَ هَذَا لَهُ،قَامَ إِلَى قَنْبَرٍ وَ ضَرَبَهُ،وَ شَتَمَهُ،وَ آذَاهُ، وَ تَهَدَّدَهُ وَ تَهَدَّدَنِي،وَ أَلْزَمَنِي الْإِغْضَاءَ عَلَى قَذًى،فَلِهَذَا سَقَطَتْ عَلَيْكَ هَذِهِ الْحَيَّةُ،فَإِنْ أَرَدْتَ أَنْ يُعَافِيَكَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى مِنْ هَذَا،فَاعْتَقِدْ أَنْ لاَ تَفْعَلَ بِنَا،وَ لاَ بِأَحَدٍ مِنْ مَوَالِينَا بِحَضْرَةِ أَعْدَائِنَا مَا يُخَافُ عَلَيْنَا وَ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْهُ.

أَمَا إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)كَانَ مَعَ تَفْضِيلِهِ لِي لَمْ يَكُنْ يَقُومُ لِي عَنْ مَجْلِسِهِ إِذَا حَضَرْتُهُ،كَمَا كَانَ يَفْعَلُهُ بِبَعْضِ مَنْ لاَ يُعَشِّرُ مِعْشَارَ جُزْءٍ مِنْ مِائَةِ أَلْفِ جُزْءٍ مِنْ إِيجَابِهِ لِي،لِأَنَّهُ عَلِمَ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ يَحْمِلُ بَعْضَ أَعْدَاءِ اللَّهِ عَلَى مَا يَغُمُّهُ،وَ يَغُمُّنِي،وَ يَغُمُّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ،وَ قَدْ كَانَ يَقُومُ لِقَوْمٍ لاَ يَخَافُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ وَ لاَ عَلَيْهِمْ مِثْلُ مَا خَافَ عَلَيَّ لَوْ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ بِي».

99-1- (Tafsir attributed to Imam al-‘Askari, peace be upon him): “That—that is, that punishment which became due upon these people for their sins and crimes because they opposed their Imam and turned away from loyalty to the master of Allah’s creation after Muhammad His Prophet, his brother and his elect—is because Allah sent down the Book with the truth: He sent down the Book in which He threatened whoever opposes the people of truth, sides against the truthful, and sets out in obedience to the impious. He sent down the Book with the truth, [promising] that what they are threatened with will befall them and not miss them.

And indeed those who differed about the Book and did not believe in it—some of them said, ‘It is sorcery,’ some, ‘It is poetry,’ and some, ‘It is soothsaying’—are in far-reaching schism, a remoteness in opposition to the truth, as though the truth were in one side and they in another side that opposes it.

‘Ali son of al-Husayn (peace be upon them) said: These are the conditions of the one who conceals our virtues, denies our rights, takes our names and our titles, assists our wrongdoer in usurping our rights, collaborates against us with our enemies; prudential dissimulation (taqiyyah) on your behalf does not unsettle him, and opposition at the expense of his own life, wealth, and state does not move him.

So be mindful of Allah, O company of our Shi‘a: do not resort to slackness when there is no taqiyyah upon you, and do not resort to confrontation when taqiyyah restrains you. I will relate to you regarding this what will deter and admonish you:

Two of his companions came in to the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him). One of them stepped on a snake which bit him; a scorpion dropped on the other from a wall along his path and stung him, and both fell down. It was as if, from what they suffered, they were imploring and weeping. It was reported to the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him), and he said: Leave them, for their time has not yet come and their trial has not been completed. They were carried to their homes, and they remained sick and in severe pain under harsh torment for two months.

Then the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) sent for them; they were carried to him, and the people were saying: ‘They will die in the hands of those carrying them.’

He said to them: How are you? They said: We are in great pain and severe torment. He said to them: Seek forgiveness from Allah for every sin that led you to this, and seek refuge in Allah from that which would nullify your reward and magnify your burden.

They said: And how is that, O Commander of the Faithful? ‘Ali (peace be upon him) said: Neither of you was afflicted except by his own sin. As for you, O so-and-so—he turned to one of them—do you remember the day when so-and-so sneered at Salman al-Farisi (may Allah have mercy on him) and reviled him because of his loyalty to us, and nothing prevented you from repelling him and treating him with disdain—no fear for yourself, nor for your family, children, or wealth—more than mere shyness before him? For that you were stricken. If you want Allah to remove what is upon you,

[footnote as above]

then resolve that you will never see anyone disparaging a friend of ours whom you are able to support from behind his back except that you support him—unless you fear for yourself, your family, your children, or your wealth.

And he said to the other: And you—do you know why what befell you befell you? He said: No. He said: Do you not remember when Qanbar, my servant, approached while you were in the presence of a certain tyrant, and you stood up in deference to him out of your deference to me? He said to you, ‘You stand for this man in my presence?!’ You replied to him, ‘And why should I not stand, when the angels of Allah lay down their wings for him in his path so that he walks upon them?’ When you said this to him, he went over to Qanbar and struck him, reviled him, harmed him, threatened him and threatened me, forcing me to overlook with irritation. For this, that snake fell upon you. If you want Allah Most High to heal you of this, then resolve that you will never do, with respect to us or any of our loyal ones, in the presence of our enemies, anything from which harm to us or to them is feared.

Indeed, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family)—despite favoring me—would not rise for me from his seat when I entered upon him, as he used to do for some who do not equal a tenth of a tenth of a part out of a hundred thousand parts of what he owed me; because he knew that such a thing would drive some of the enemies of Allah to what would distress him, distress me, and distress the believers. He would rise for people regarding whom he did not fear for himself or for them what he feared for me if he had done that for me.”

قوله تعالى:

وَ لاٰ تَعْتَدُوا إِنَّ اللّٰهَ لاٰ يُحِبُّ الْمُعْتَدِينَ[190]

Qur’an 2:190 — M. H. Shakir:

And fight in the way of Allah with those who fight with you, and do not exceed the limits, surely Allah does not love those who exceed the limits.

99- _1- (مَنَاقِبُ الْخُوَارِزْمِيِّ):أَنْبَأَنِي مُهَذَّبُ الْأَئِمَّةِ أَبُو الْمُظَفَّرِ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْهَمْدَانِيُّ نَزِيلُ بَغْدَادَ،حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْبَاقِي بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ،أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ،أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زَكَرِيَّا،قَالَ: قَرَأَ عَلَيَّ ابْنُ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ابْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ،حَدَّثَنِي الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الْفَهْمِ،حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ،أَخْبَرَنِي خَالِدُ بْنُ مَخْلَدٍ وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الصَّلْتِ،قَالاَ:أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ،قَالَ:دَخَلَ عَلَيْنَا ابْنُ الْمُلْجَمِ(لَعَنَهُ اللَّهُ)الْحَمَّامَ،وَ أَنَا وَ الْحَسَنُ وَ الْحُسَيْنُ جُلُوسٌ فِي الْحَمَّامِ،فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ، كَأَنَّهُمَا اشْمَأَزَّا مِنْهُ،فَقَالاَ:«مَا أَجْرَأَكَ تَدْخُلُ عَلَيْنَا؟»قَالَ:فَقُلْتُ لَهُمَا:دَعَاهُ عَنْكُمَا،فَلَعَمْرِي مَا يُرِيدُ بِكُمَا إِثْماً مِنْ هَذَا.فَلَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمَ أُتِيَ بِهِ أَسِيراً،قَالَ ابْنُ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ:مَا أَنَا الْيَوْمَ بِأَعْرَفَ بِهِ مِنْ يَوْمَ دَخَلَ عَلَيْنَا الْحَمَّامَ.

فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«إِنَّهُ أَسِيرٌ،فَأَحْسِنُوا إِلَيْهِ وَ أَكْرِمُوا مَثْوَاهُ،فَإِنْ بَقِيتُ قَتَلْتُ أَوْ عَفَوْتُ،وَ إِنْ مِتُّ فَاقْتُلُوهُ قَتْلَتِي وَ لاٰ تَعْتَدُوا إِنَّ اللّٰهَ لاٰ يُحِبُّ الْمُعْتَدِينَ ».

_1) -مناقب الخوارزمي:282.

Manāqib al-Khwārazmī: 282.

99-1- (Manaqib al-Khwarazmi): Muhadhdhab al-A’immah Abu al-Muzaffar ‘Abd al-Malik b. ‘Ali b. Muhammad al-Hamdani, resident of Baghdad, informed us; Muhammad b. ‘Abd al-Baqi b. Ahmad b. ‘Abd Allah narrated to us; al-Hasan b. ‘Ali b. al-Hasan informed us; Muhammad b. al-‘Abbas b. Muhammad b. Zakariyya informed me—he said: Ibn Abi al-Hasan b. Ma‘ruf read to me; al-Hasan b. al-Fahm narrated to me; Muhammad b. Isma‘il b. Sa‘d narrated to me; Khalid b. Makhlad and Muhammad b. al-Salt informed me; they said: al-Rabi‘ b. al-Mundhir informed us, from his father, from Muhammad b. al-Hanafiyyah, who said: Ibn Muljam (may Allah curse him) entered the bathhouse upon us while I, al-Hasan, and al-Husayn were sitting in the bathhouse. When he entered, it was as if the two of them recoiled from him, and they said: ‘How dare you enter upon us?’ I said to them: Leave him be from you; by my life, he does not intend a sin against you by this. When the day came that he was brought in as a captive, Ibn al-Hanafiyyah said: I do not recognize him today any better than on the day he entered upon us in the bathhouse.

‘Ali (peace be upon him) said: ‘He is a captive, so treat him well and honor his lodging. If I remain [alive], I will either kill or pardon; and if I die, then kill him with my killing, and do not transgress—surely Allah does not love the transgressors.’”