S 2 A 121

قوله تعالى:

بَدِيعُ السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ وَ إِذٰا قَضىٰ أَمْراً فَإِنَّمٰا يَقُولُ لَهُ كُنْ فَيَكُونُ [117]

2:117 English (M. H. Shakir): The Originator of the heavens and the earth; when He decrees a matter, He only says to it, Be, and it is.

99-/594 _1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ: عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ، عَنْ سَدِيرٍ الصَّيْرَفِيِّ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ حُمْرَانَ بْنَ أَعْيَنَ يَسْأَلُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: بَدِيعُ السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ ؟ فَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ ابْتَدَعَ الْأَشْيَاءَ كُلَّهَا بِعِلْمِهِ عَلَى غَيْرِ مِثَالٍ كَانَ قَبْلَهُ، فَابْتَدَعَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ الْأَرَضِينَ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ قَبْلَهُنَّ سَمَاوَاتٌ وَ لاَ أَرَضُونَ، أَ مَا تَسْمَعُ لِقَوْلِهِ: وَ كٰانَ عَرْشُهُ عَلَى الْمٰاءِ [1]».

وَ رَوَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الصَّفَّارُ فِي (بَصَائِرِ الدَّرَجَاتِ) عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ، عَنْ سَدِيرٍ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ حُمْرَانَ بْنَ أَعْيَنَ يَسْأَلُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) الْحَدِيثَ [2].

99-/594 _1- Muhammad b. Ya‘qub—from Muhammad b. Yahya, from ‘Abdullah b. Muhammad b. ‘Isa, from al-Hasan b. Mahbub, from ‘Ali b. Ri’ab, from Sadir al-Sayrafi, who said: I heard Humran b. A‘yan ask Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) about the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: “The Originator of the heavens and the earth.” Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) said: “Indeed Allah, Mighty and Majestic, originated all things by His knowledge without any prior model before them. So He originated the heavens and the earths, and there had not been before them any heavens nor earths. Do you not hear His saying: ‘And His Throne was upon the water’ [1].” And this hadith was narrated by Muhammad b. al-Hasan al-Saffar in (Basa’ir al-Darajat) from Ahmad b. Muhammad, from al-Hasan b. Mahbub, from ‘Ali b. Ri’ab, from Sadir, who said: I heard Humran b. A‘yan ask Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) the hadith [2].

99-/595 _2- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ: عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى، قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي الْحَسَنِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): أَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الْإِرَادَةِ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَ مِنَ الْخَلْقِ؟ قَالَ: فَقَالَ: «الْإِرَادَةُ مِنَ الْخَلْقِ الضَّمِيرُ، وَ مَا يَبْدُو لَهُمْ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْفِعْلِ، وَ أَمَّا مِنَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى فَإِرَادَتُهُ لِلْفِعْلِ إِحْدَاثُهُ لاَ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ، لِأَنَّهُ لاَ يُرَوِّي وَ لاَ يَهُمُّ وَ لاَ يَتَفَكَّرُ، وَ هَذِهِ الصِّفَاتُ مَنْفِيَّةٌ عَنْهُ، وَ هِيَ صِفَاتُ الْخَلْقِ، فَإِرَادَةُ اللَّهِ الْفِعْلُ لاَ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ، يَقُولُ لَهُ: كُنْ فَيَكُونُ بِلاَ لَفْظٍ وَ لاَ نُطْقٍ بِلِسَانٍ، وَ لاَ هِمَّةٍ وَ لاَ تَفَكُّرٍ، وَ لاَ كَيْفٍ لِذَلِكَ، كَمَا أَنَّهُ لاَ كَيْفَ لَهُ».

99-/595 _2- Muhammad b. Ya‘qub—from Ahmad b. Idris, from Muhammad b. ‘Abd al-Jabbar, from Safwan b. Yahya, who said: I said to Abu al-Hasan (peace be upon him): Inform me about will (irada) from Allah and from the creation. He said: “The will from the creation is intention in the mind, and what then appears to them as action after that. As for [will] from Allah, Exalted is He, His willing of an act is its bringing-into-being, nothing else—because He does not deliberate, nor intend [inchoately], nor think; these attributes are negated from Him and are attributes of the creation. So the will of Allah is the act itself, nothing else. He says to it, ‘Be!’ and it is—without utterance, without speech by a tongue, without resolve or reflection, and without any modality for that, just as there is no modality for Him.”

قوله تعالى:

اَلَّذِينَ آتَيْنٰاهُمُ الْكِتٰابَ يَتْلُونَهُ حَقَّ تِلاٰوَتِهِ أُولٰئِكَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِهِ وَ مَنْ يَكْفُرْ بِهِ فَأُولٰئِكَ هُمُ الْخٰاسِرُونَ [121]

2:121 English (M. H. Shakir): Those to whom We have given the Book read it as it ought to be read. These believe in it; and whoever disbelieves in it, these it is that are the losers.

99-/596 _3- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ: عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ، عَنْ أَبِي وَلاَّدٍ، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) عَنْ قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: اَلَّذِينَ آتَيْنٰاهُمُ الْكِتٰابَ يَتْلُونَهُ حَقَّ تِلاٰوَتِهِ أُولٰئِكَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِهِ ؟

99-/596 _3- Muhammad b. Ya‘qub—from Muhammad b. Yahya, from Ahmad b. Muhammad, from Ibn Mahbub, from Abu Walad, who said: I asked Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) about His saying, Mighty and Majestic: “Those to whom We have given the Book read it as it ought to be read; these believe in it.”

قَالَ: «هُمُ الْأَئِمَّةُ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)».

He said: “They are the Imams (peace be upon them).”

99-/597 _2- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ: عَنْ أَبِي وَلاَّدٍ، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) اَلَّذِينَ آتَيْنٰاهُمُ الْكِتٰابَ يَتْلُونَهُ حَقَّ تِلاٰوَتِهِ أُولٰئِكَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِهِ.

<<some Arabic missing>>

99-/597 _2- Al-‘Ayyashi—from Abu Walad, who said: I asked Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) about “Those to whom We have given the Book read it as it ought to be read; these believe in it.” He said: “They are the Imams (peace be upon them).”

99-/598 _3- عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: يَتْلُونَهُ حَقَّ تِلاٰوَتِهِ.

<<some Arabic missing>>

99-/598 English: From Mansur, from Abu Basir, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), regarding Allah’s saying: “They read it as it ought to be read.” He said: “It is to pause at [and give due regard to] the [verses concerning] the Garden and the Fire.”

99-/599 _4- الْحَسَنُ بْنُ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الدَّيْلَمِيُّ: عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّادِقِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: اَلَّذِينَ آتَيْنٰاهُمُ الْكِتٰابَ يَتْلُونَهُ حَقَّ تِلاٰوَتِهِ.

<<some Arabic missing>>

99-/599 English: Al-Hasan b. Abi al-Hasan al-Daylami—from Ja‘far b. Muhammad al-Sadiq (peace be upon him), regarding His saying, Exalted is He: “Those to whom We have given the Book read it as it ought to be read.” He said: “They recite its verses with measured recitation, gain understanding through it, act according to its rulings, hope for its promise, fear its threat, take heed from its narratives, obey its commands, and refrain at its prohibitions [1]; by Allah, it is not [merely] memorizing its verses, studying its letters, reciting its surahs, and studying its tenths and fifths—they preserved its letters and neglected its limits. Rather, it is pondering its verses and acting according to its rulings. Allah, Exalted, said: ‘A Book We have revealed to you, blessed, that they may ponder over its verses’ [2].”

قوله تعالى:

وَ اتَّقُوا يَوْماً لاٰ تَجْزِي نَفْسٌ عَنْ نَفْسٍ شَيْئاً وَ لاٰ يُقْبَلُ مِنْهٰا عَدْلٌ وَ لاٰ تَنْفَعُهٰا شَفٰاعَةٌ وَ لاٰ هُمْ يُنْصَرُونَ [123]

تقدم تفسير الآية في صدر السورة [3]، و نزيد هاهنا في معنى العدل:

2:123 English (M. H. Shakir): And be on your guard against a day when one soul shall not avail another in the least, neither shall compensation be accepted from it, nor shall intercession profit it, nor shall they be helped.

99-/600 _5- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ: عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ الْأَحْمَرِ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، قَالَ: «الْعَدْلُ: اَلْفَرِيضَةُ».

99-/600 _5- Al-‘Ayyashi—from Ya‘qub al-Ahmar, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), who said: “Al-‘adl [here] means: the obligatory due (al-faridah).”

99-/601 _6- عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْفُضَيْلِ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، قَالَ: «الْعَدْلُ فِي قَوْلِ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): الْفِدَاءُ».

99-/601 _6- From Ibrahim b. al-Fudayl, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), who said: “Al-‘adl, in the saying of Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), is ransom (al-fida’).”

المراجع:

_1) - الكافي 1:2/200.

_1) - al-Kafi 1:2/200.

_2) - الكافي 1:3/85.

_2) - al-Kafi 1:3/85.

_3) - الكافي 1:4/168.

_3) - al-Kafi 1:4/168.

[1] هود 11:7.

[1] Hud 11:7.

[2] بصائر الدرجات:1/133.

[2] Basa’ir al-Darajat: 1/133.

[3] روّيت في الأمر: إذا نظرت فيه و فكّرت. «الصحاح-روى-6:2364».

[3] Ruw-wiyta fi al-amr: idha nazarta fihi wa fakkarta. “Al-Sihah – rawa – 6:2364”.

_2) - تفسير العيّاشي 1:84/57.

_2) - Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:84/57.

_3) - تفسير العيّاشي 1:84/57.

_3) - Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:84/57.

_4) - إرشاد القلوب:78.

_4) - Irshad al-Qulub: 78.

_5) - تفسير العيّاشي 1:85/57.

_5) - Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:85/57.

_6) - تفسير العيّاشي 1:86/57.

_6) - Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:86/57.

[1] في المصدر: يتناهون عن نواهيه.

[1] Fi al-masdar: yatannahawna ‘an nawahihi.

[2] سورة ص 38:29.

[2] Surat Sad 38:29.

[3] تقدّم في تفسير الآية (48) من هذه السورة.

[3] Taqaddama fi tafsiri al-ayah (48) min hadhihi al-surah.