S 3 A 122

أي برد أَصٰابَتْ حَرْثَ قَوْمٍ ظَلَمُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ فَأَهْلَكَتْهُ أي زرعهم وَ مٰا ظَلَمَهُمُ اللّٰهُ وَ لٰكِنْ أَنْفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ.

Its meaning: any hail that strikes the crop of a people who have wronged themselves and destroys it—that is, their sown field—and Allah did not wrong them, but they wrong themselves.

Quran 3:117

مثل ما ينفقون في هذه الحياة الدنيا كمثل ريح فيها صر أصابت حرث قوم ظلموا أنفسهم فأهلكته وما ظلمهم الله ولكن أنفسهم يظلمون

M. H. Shakir: The likeness of what they spend in this life is as the likeness of a wind in which is intense cold; it smites the harvest of a people who are unjust to themselves and destroys it; and Allah did not wrong them, but they wrong themselves.

و قوله تعالى: يٰا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لاٰ تَتَّخِذُوا بِطٰانَةً مِنْ دُونِكُمْ نزلت في اليهود لاٰ يَأْلُونَكُمْ خَبٰالاً أي عداوة. و قوله تعالى: عَضُّوا عَلَيْكُمُ الْأَنٰامِلَ مِنَ الْغَيْظِ قال:أطراف الأصابع.

And His saying, the Exalted: O you who believe! do not take for intimate friends from among others than your own people—was revealed about the Jews—“they will not fail to corrupt you,” meaning: enmity. And His saying: “they bite the ends of their fingers at you for rage”—he said: the tips of the fingers.

Quran 3:118

يا أيها الذين آمنوا لا تتخذوا بطانة من دونكم لا يألونكم خبالا ودوا ما عنتم قد بدت البغضاء من أفواههم وما تخفي صدورهم أكبر قد بينا لكم الآيات إن كنتم تعقلون

M. H. Shakir: O you who believe! do not take for intimate friends from among others than your own people; they do not fall short of inflicting loss upon you; they love what distresses you; vehement hatred has already appeared from out of their mouths, and what their breasts conceal is greater still; indeed We have made the communications clear to you, if you will understand.

Quran 3:119

ها أنتم أولاء تحبونهم ولا يحبونكم وتؤمنون بالكتاب كله وإذا لقوكم قالوا آمنا وإذا خلوا عضوا عليكم الأنامل من الغيظ قل موتوا بغيظكم إن الله عليم بذات الصدور

M. H. Shakir: Lo! you are they who will love them while they do not love you, and you believe in the Book (the whole of it); and when they meet you they say, We believe, and when they are alone, they bite the ends of their fingers at you for rage. Say: Die in your rage; surely Allah knows what is in the hearts.

قوله تعالى:

وَ إِذْ غَدَوْتَ مِنْ أَهْلِكَ تُبَوِّئُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مَقٰاعِدَ لِلْقِتٰالِ وَ اللّٰهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ [121]

Quran 3:121

وَإِذْ غَدَوْتَ مِنْ أَهْلِكَ تُبَوِّئُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مَقَاعِدَ لِلْقِتَالِ وَاللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ

M. H. Shakir: And when you went forth early from your family, to lodge the believers in encampments for war; and Allah is Hearing, Knowing.

99-/1892 _1- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي،عَنْ صَفْوَانَ،عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ،عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: «سَبَبُ نُزُولِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ أَنَّ قُرَيْشاً خَرَجَتْ مِنْ مَكَّةَ تُرِيدُ حَرْبَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،فَخَرَجَ يَبْتَغِي مَوْضِعاً لِلْقِتَالِ».

99-/1892 _1- Translation: Ali ibn Ibrahim said: My father narrated to me, from Safwan, from Ibn Muskan, from Abu Basir, from Abu Abdillah (peace be upon him), who said: “The reason this verse was revealed is that Quraysh set out from Mecca intending to wage war against the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family), so he went out seeking a place for battle.”

99-/1893 _2- ابْنُ شَهْرَآشُوبَ: فِي شَوَّالٍ غَزَاةِ أُحُدٍ-وَ هُوَ يَوْمُ الْمِهْرَاسِ [1]-قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَ مُجَاهِدٌ وَ قَتَادَةُ وَ الرَّبِيعُ وَ السُّدِّيُّ وَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ،نَزَلَ قَوْلُهُ: وَ إِذْ غَدَوْتَ مِنْ أَهْلِكَ فِيهَا، وَ هُوَ الْمَرْوِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ).

99-/1893 _2- Translation: Ibn Shahrāshūb: In Shawwāl, during the expedition of Uhud—which is the Day of al-Mihraas [1]—Ibn Abbas, Mujahid, Qatadah, al-Rabi‘, al-Suddi, and Ibn Ishaq said that His saying “And when you went forth from your family” was revealed regarding it; and this is what is narrated from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him).

99-/1894 _3- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنِ الصَّادِقِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)وَ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ: لَمَّا قَصَدَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ فِي ثَلاَثَةِ آلاَفٍ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)وَ يُقَالُ:فِي أَلْفَيْنِ.مِنْهُمْ مِائَتَا فَارِسٍ،وَ الْبَاقُونَ رَكْبٌ،لَهُمْ سَبْعُمِائَةِ دِرْعٍ».

99-/1894 _3- Translation: And from him: from al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) and from Ibn Mas‘ud: When Abu Sufyan advanced against the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) with three thousand of Quraysh—and it is also said: with two thousand—among them two hundred cavalry, and the rest mounted riders, and they had seven hundred coats of mail.

قوله تعالى:

إِذْ هَمَّتْ طٰائِفَتٰانِ مِنْكُمْ أَنْ تَفْشَلاٰ [122]

Quran 3:122

إِذْ هَمَّتْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنْكُمْ أَنْ تَفْشَلَا وَاللَّهُ وَلِيُّهُمَا وَعَلَى اللَّهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ

M. H. Shakir: When two parties from among you had determined that they should show cowardice, and Allah was the guardian of them both; and in Allah should the believers trust.

99-/1895 _4- علي بن إبراهيم:نزلت في عبد اللّه بن أبي و قوم من أصحابه اتبعوا رأيه في ترك الخروج،و القعود عن نصرة رسول اللّه(صلّى اللّه عليه و آله).

99-/1895 _4- Translation: ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim: It was revealed concerning ‘Abdullah ibn Ubayy and a group of his companions, who followed his opinion to refrain from going out and to sit back from supporting the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family).

قوله تعالى:

وَ لَقَدْ نَصَرَكُمُ اللّٰهُ بِبَدْرٍ وَ أَنْتُمْ أَذِلَّةٌ [123]

Quran 3:123

وَلَقَدْ نَصَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ بِبَدْرٍ وَأَنْتُمْ أَذِلَّةٌ فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ

M. H. Shakir: And Allah did certainly assist you at Badr when you were weak; so be careful of (your duty to) Allah that you may give thanks.

99-/1896 _1- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ:قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «مَا كَانُوا أَذِلَّةً وَ فِيهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،وَ إِنَّمَا نَزَلَ:وَ لَقَدْ نَصَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ بِبَدْرٍ وَ أَنْتُمْ ضُعَفَاءُ». وَ رَوَى نَحْوَ ذَلِكَ الطَّبْرِسِيُّ فِي(مَجْمَعِ الْبَيَانِ)عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) [1].

99-/1896 _1- Translation: ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim: Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) said: “They were not abased while the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) was among them; rather, it was revealed: ‘And certainly Allah helped you at Badr while you were weak (du‘afā’).’” And al-Tabrisi narrated something similar in (Majma‘ al-Bayan) from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) [1].

99-/1897 _2- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،قَالَ: قَرَأْتُ عِنْدَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): وَ لَقَدْ نَصَرَكُمُ اللّٰهُ بِبَدْرٍ وَ أَنْتُمْ أَذِلَّةٌ .فَقَالَ:«مَهْ،لَيْسَ هَكَذَا أَنْزَلَهَا اللَّهُ إِنَّمَا أُنْزِلَتْ:وَ أَنْتُمْ قَلِيلٌ».

99-/1897 _2- Translation: Al-‘Ayyashi, from Abu Basir, who said: I recited in the presence of Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him): “And Allah certainly helped you at Badr while you were abased.” He said: “Hush! Allah did not send it down like this. Rather, it was sent down: ‘…while you were few (qalīl).’”

99-/1898 _3- عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: سَأَلَهُ أَبِي عَنْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ: وَ لَقَدْ نَصَرَكُمُ اللّٰهُ بِبَدْرٍ وَ أَنْتُمْ أَذِلَّةٌ .قَالَ:«لَيْسَ هَكَذَا أَنْزَلَهُ اللَّهُ،مَا أَذَلَّ اللَّهُ رَسُولَهُ قَطُّ،إِنَّمَا أُنْزِلَتْ:وَ أَنْتُمْ قَلِيلٌ». عِيسَى،عَنْ صَفْوَانَ،عَنِ ابْنِ سِنَانٍ مِثْلَهُ.

99-/1898 _3- Translation: From ‘Abdullah ibn Sinan, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), who said: My father asked him about this verse: “And Allah certainly helped you at Badr while you were abased.” He said: “Allah did not send it down like this. Allah has never abased His Messenger at all. Rather, it was sent down: ‘…while you were few.’” ‘Isa, from Safwan, from Ibn Sinan—similar to it.

99-/1899 _4- عَنْ رِبْعِيِّ بْنِ حَرِيزٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،أَنَّهُ قَرَأَ:«لَقَدْ نَصَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ بِبَدْرٍ وَ أَنْتُمْ ضُعَفَاءُ،وَ مَا كَانُوا أَذِلَّةً وَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)فِيهِمْ».

99-/1899 _4- Translation: From Rib‘ī ibn Harīz, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), that he recited: “Allah certainly helped you at Badr while you were weak (du‘afā’), and they were not abased while the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) was among them.”

99-/1900 _5- الْقِصَّةَ:عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،قَالَ: وَ كَانَ سَبَبُ غَزْوَةِ أُحُدٍ أَنَّ قُرَيْشاً لَمَّا رَجَعَتْ مِنْ بَدْرٍ إِلَى مَكَّةَ،وَ قَدْ أَصَابَهُمْ مَا أَصَابَهُمْ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ وَ الْأَسْرِ لِأَنَّهُ قُتِلَ مِنْهُمْ سَبْعُونَ وَ أُسِرَ مِنْهُمْ سَبْعُونَ،فَلَمَّا رَجَعُوا إِلَى مَكَّةَ،قَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ:يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ،لاَ تَدَعُوا نِسَاءَكُمْ يَبْكِينَ عَلَى قَتْلاَكُمْ،فَإِنَّ الْبُكَاءَ وَ الدَّمْعَةَ إِذَا خَرَجَتْ أَذْهَبَتِ الْحُزْنَ وَ الْحُرْقَةَ [2] وَ الْعَدَاوَةَ لِمُحَمَّدٍ،وَ يَشْمَتُ بِنَا مُحَمَّدٌ وَ أَصْحَابُهُ.فَلَمَّا غَزَوْا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ أَذِنُوا لِنِسَائِهِمْ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فِي الْبُكَاءِ وَ النَّوْحِ. فَلَمَّا أَرَادُوا أَنْ يَغْزُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)إِلَى أُحُدٍ سَارُوا فِي حُلَفَائِهِمْ مِنْ كِنَانَةَ وَ غَيْرِهَا،فَجَمَعُوا الْجُمُوعَ وَ السِّلاَحَ وَ خَرَجُوا مِنْ مَكَّةَ فِي ثَلاَثَةِ آلاَفِ فَارِسٍ وَ أَلْفَيْ رَاجِلٍ،وَ أَخْرَجُوا مَعَهُمُ النِّسَاءَ يُذَكِّرْنَهُمْ وَ يَحْثُثْنَهُمْ عَلَى حَرْبِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،وَ أَخْرَجَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ هِنْدَ بِنْتَ عُتْبَةَ،وَ خَرَجَتْ مَعَهُمْ عُمْرَةُ بِنْتُ عَلْقَمَةَ الْحَارِثِيَّةِ. فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)ذَلِكَ جَمَعَ أَصْحَابَهُ وَ أَخْبَرَهُمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ قُرَيْشاً قَدْ تَجَمَّعَتْ تُرِيدُ

99-/1900 _5- Translation: The story: ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim said: The cause of the Battle of Uhud was that when Quraysh returned from Badr to Mecca, having suffered what they suffered of killing and capture—seventy of them were killed and seventy were taken captive—when they returned to Mecca, Abu Sufyan said: “O people of Quraysh, do not allow your women to weep over your slain, for when crying and tears flow they remove grief and burning pain [2] and the enmity toward Muhammad, and Muhammad and his companions will gloat over us.” So when they fought the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) on the Day of Uhud, they afterward permitted their women to weep and wail. When they intended to march against the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) to [the field of] Uhud, they mobilized their allies from Kinanah and others, gathered the troops and weapons, and departed Mecca with three thousand cavalry and two thousand infantry, bringing the women with them to remind and urge them to wage war against the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family). Abu Sufyan brought Hind daughter of ‘Utbah, and with them came ‘Amrah daughter of ‘Alqamah al-Harithiyyah. When this reached the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family), he gathered his companions and informed them that Allah had told him that Quraysh had assembled intending…

المراجع

_1) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:110.

_1) - Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:110.

_2) -المناقب 1:191.

_2) - al-Manāqib 1:191.

_3) -مناقب ابن شهر آشوب 1:191.

_3) - Manāqib Ibn Shahr Āshūb 1:191.

_4) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:110.

_4) - Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:110.

[1] المهراس:اسم ماء بأحد،و يوم المهراس:يوم أحد.

[1] al-Mihraas: ism mā’ bi-Uhud, wa Yawm al-Mihraas: Yawm Uhud.

_1) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:122.

_1) - Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:122.

_2) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:133/196.

_2) - Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:133/196.

_3) -تفسير العيّاشي 134/196.

_3) - Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 134/196.

_4) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:135/196.

_4) - Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:135/196.

_5) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:110.

_5) - Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:110.

[1] مجمع البيان 2:828.

[1] Majma‘ al-Bayān 2:828.

[2] في«ط»:القرحة.

[2] fī “T”: al-qurḥah.