Al-Hajj Ayah 41-44

و الصوامع:عبارة[عن مواضع عبادة]النصارى في الجبال،و البيع في القرى،و الصلوات:أي مواضعها، و يشترك فيها المسلمون و اليهود،فاليهود لهم الكنائس،و المسلمون المساجد،فيكون قتلهم جميعا سببا لهدم هذه المواضع،و هدمها سببا لتعطيل الشرائع الثلاث:شريعة موسى،و عيسى،و محمد(صلّى اللّه عليه و عليهم أجمعين)؛لأن الشرائع لا تقوم إلاّ بالكتاب،و الكتاب يحتاج إلى التأويل،و التأويل لا يعلمه إلاّ اللّه و الراسخون في العلم،و هم الأئمة(صلوات اللّه عليهم)،لأنهم يعلمون تأويل كتاب موسى،و عيسى،و محمد(صلّى اللّه عليه و عليهم أجمعين)،

لِقَوْلِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «لَوْ ثُنِيَتْ لِيَ الْوِسَادَةُ لَحَكَمْتُ بَيْنَ أَهْلِ التَّوْرَاةِ بِتَوْرَاتِهِمْ،وَ بَيْنَ أَهْلِ الْإِنْجِيلِ بِإِنْجِيلِهِمْ،وَ بَيْنَ أَهْلِ الْفُرْقَانِ بِفُرْقَانِهِمْ،حَتَّى تَنْطِقَ الْكُتُبُ،وَ تَقُولَ:صَدَقَ».

و قوله:«هم الأعلام».الأعلام:الأدلة الهادية إلى دار السلام،فعليهم من اللّه أفضل التحية و الإكرام؛و لما علم اللّه سبحانه و تعالى منهم الصبر وعدهم النصر،فقال: وَ لَيَنْصُرَنَّ اللّٰهُ مَنْ يَنْصُرُهُ [أي ينصر دينه] إِنَّ اللّٰهَ لَقَوِيٌّ في سلطانه عَزِيزٌ في جبروت شأنه.

قلت:قد تقدمت

رِوَايَةُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ بِإِسْنَادِهِ إِلَى عِيسَى بْنِ دَاوُدَ،عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ جَدِّهِ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ): «نَزَلَتْ آيَةُ: أُذِنَ لِلَّذِينَ يُقٰاتَلُونَ بِأَنَّهُمْ ظُلِمُوا وَ إِنَّ اللّٰهَ عَلىٰ نَصْرِهِمْ لَقَدِيرٌ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى وَ لِلّٰهِ عٰاقِبَةُ الْأُمُورِ فِي آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)خَاصَّةً» [1].

English translation:

The hermitages are the [places of worship] of the Christians in the mountains, and the churches (biya‘) are in the villages; and the “prayers” means their places [of prayer]. Muslims and Jews share in these [terms]: the Jews have synagogues (kanā’is), and the Muslims have mosques. Thus killing them all would be a cause for the destruction of these places, and their destruction would be a cause for disabling the three laws: the law of Moses, and of Jesus, and of Muhammad (may Allah bless him and all of them); for the religious laws stand only by means of the Book, and the Book requires interpretation, and none knows its interpretation except Allah and those firmly rooted in knowledge, who are the Imams (peace be upon them), because they know the interpretation of the Books of Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad (may Allah bless him and all of them),

as the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) said: “If the cushion were folded for me [i.e., if authority were entrusted to me], I would judge the people of the Torah by their Torah, the people of the Gospel by their Gospel, and the people of the Criterion (Qur’an) by their Criterion, until the books themselves would speak and say: ‘He has spoken the truth.’”

And his saying: “They are the standards (a‘lām).” The “standards” are the proofs that guide to the Abode of Peace. Upon them be the best salutations and honor from Allah. And when Allah, Sublime and Exalted, knew of their patience, He promised them victory, saying: “And most certainly Allah will help him who helps His cause; most surely Allah is Strong, Mighty.” I say: the narration of Muhammad b. al-‘Abbas has already preceded with his chain to ‘Isa b. Dawud, from Musa b. Ja‘far, from his father, from his grandfather (peace be upon them): “The verse ‘Permission is given to those who fight because they have been wronged, and most surely Allah is well able to assist them … and Allah’s is the end of affairs’ was revealed concerning the Family of Muhammad (peace be upon them) in particular.” [1]

[1] تقدّمت في الحديث(2)من تفسير الآيتين(39-40)من هذه السورة.

[1] taqaddamat fi al-hadith (2) min tafsiri al-āyatayn (39-40) min hadhihi al-sūrah.

قوله تعالى:

اَلَّذِينَ إِنْ مَكَّنّٰاهُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ أَقٰامُوا الصَّلاٰةَ وَ آتَوُا الزَّكٰاةَ وَ أَمَرُوا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَ نَهَوْا عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَ لِلّٰهِ عٰاقِبَةُ الْأُمُورِ* وَ إِنْ يُكَذِّبُوكَ فَقَدْ كَذَّبَتْ قَبْلَهُمْ قَوْمُ نُوحٍ وَ عٰادٌ وَ ثَمُودُ -إلى قوله تعالى- نَكِيرِ [41-44]

English translation (Qur’an 22:41-44, M. H. Shakir):

(22:41) Those who, should We establish them in the land, will keep up prayer and pay the poor-rate and enjoin good and forbid evil; and Allah’s is the end of affairs.

(22:42) And if they call you a liar, so indeed nations before them rejected (prophets): the people of Nuh and Ad and Samood,

(22:43) And the people of Ibrahim and the people of Lut,

(22:44) As well as the dwellers of Madyan and Musa (too) was rejected; but I gave respite to the unbelievers, then did I punish them; so how (severe) was My disapproval!

99-/7364 _1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ حُصَيْنِ بْنِ مُخَارِقٍ،عَنِ الْإِمَامِ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ آبَائِهِ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: اَلَّذِينَ إِنْ مَكَّنّٰاهُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ أَقٰامُوا الصَّلاٰةَ وَ آتَوُا الزَّكٰاةَ وَ أَمَرُوا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَ نَهَوْا عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ قَالَ:«نَحْنُ هُمْ».

99-/7364 English:

Muhammad b. al-‘Abbas said: Ahmad b. Muhammad b. Sa‘id narrated to us, from Ahmad b. al-Hasan, from his father, from Husayn b. Mukhariq, from Imam Musa b. Ja‘far, from his father, from his forefathers (peace be upon them), who said regarding His saying, “Those who, should We establish them in the land, will keep up prayer and pay the poor-rate and enjoin good and forbid evil” [Qur’an 22:41, Shakir]: “We are they.”

99-/7365 _2- وَ عَنْهُ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ حُصَيْنِ بْنِ مُخَارِقٍ،عَنْ

English:

And from him, he said: Ahmad b. Muhammad narrated to us, from Ahmad b. al-Hasan, from his father, from Husayn b. Mukhariq, from…

_1) -تأويل الآيات 1:22/342.

_1) -Ta’wīl al-Āyāt 1:22/342.

_2) -تأويل الآيات 1:23/342،شواهد التنزيل 1:554/400.

_2) -Ta’wīl al-Āyāt 1:23/342, Shawāhid al-Tanzīl 1:554/400.

عَمْرِو [1] بْنِ ثَابِتٍ،عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ [2]،عَنْ أُمِّهِ،عَنْ أَبِيهَا(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ:

اَلَّذِينَ إِنْ مَكَّنّٰاهُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ أَقٰامُوا الصَّلاٰةَ وَ آتَوُا الزَّكٰاةَ وَ أَمَرُوا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَ نَهَوْا عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ .

قَالَ:«هَذِهِ نَزَلَتْ فِينَا أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ».

English:

‘Amr [1] b. Thabit, from ‘Abd Allah b. al-Hasan b. al-Hasan [2], from his mother, from her father (peace be upon him), regarding the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: “Those who, should We establish them in the land, will keep up prayer and pay the poor-rate and enjoin good and forbid evil” [Qur’an 22:41, Shakir]. He said: “This was revealed about us, the People of the House.”

[1] في«ي،ط»:عمر.

[1] fī “Y, Ṭ”: ‘Umar.

[2] في«ج،ي،ط»:عبد اللّه بن الحسن بن الحسين،راجع معجم رجال الحديث 10:159.

[2] fī “J, Y, Ṭ”: ‘Abd Allāh b. al-Hasan b. al-Husayn; rāji‘ Mu‘jam Rijāl al-Hadīth 10:159.

99-/7366 _3- وَ عَنْهُ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ هَمَّامٍ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْعَلَوِيِّ،عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ دَاوُدَ،عَنِ الْإِمَامِ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «كُنْتُ عِنْدَ أَبِي يَوْماً فِي الْمَسْجِدِ إِذْ أَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ،فَوَقَفَ أَمَامَهُ، وَ قَالَ:يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ،أَعْيَتْ عَلَيَّ آيَةٌ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ،سَأَلْتُ عَنْهَا جَابِرَ بْنَ يَزِيدَ فَأَرْشَدَنِي إِلَيْكَ.فَقَالَ:وَ مَا هِيَ؟قَالَ:قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: اَلَّذِينَ إِنْ مَكَّنّٰاهُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ أَقٰامُوا الصَّلاٰةَ وَ آتَوُا الزَّكٰاةَ وَ أَمَرُوا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَ نَهَوْا عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَ لِلّٰهِ عٰاقِبَةُ الْأُمُورِ .

فَقَالَ أَبِي:نَعَمْ،فِينَا نَزَلَتْ،وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ فُلاَناً،وَ فُلاَناً،وَ طَائِفَةً مَعَهُمَا-وَ سَمَّاهُمْ-اِجْتَمَعُوا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،فَقَالُوا:يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ،إِلَى مَنْ يَصِيرُ هَذَا الْأَمْرُ بَعْدَكَ،فَوَ اللَّهِ لَئِنْ صَارَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِكَ،إِنَّا لَنَخَافُهُمْ عَلَى أَنْفُسِنَا وَ لَوْ صَارَ إِلَى غَيْرِهِمْ فَلَعَلَّ غَيْرَهُمْ أَقْرَبُ وَ أَرْحَمُ بِنَا مِنْهُمْ.فَغَضِبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)مِنْ ذَلِكَ غَضَباً شَدِيداً،ثُمَّ قَالَ:أَمَا وَ اللَّهِ لَوْ آمَنْتُمْ بِاللَّهِ وَ بِرَسُولِهِ مَا أَبْغَضْتُمُوهُمْ،لِأَنَّ بُغْضَهُمْ بُغْضِي،وَ بُغْضِي هُوَ الْكُفْرُ بِاللَّهِ،ثُمَّ نَعَيْتُمْ إِلَيَّ نَفْسِي،فَوَ اللَّهِ لَئِنْ مَكَّنَهُمُ اللَّهُ فِي الْأَرْضِ لَيُقِيمُوا الصَّلاَةَ،وَ لَيُؤْتُوا الزَّكَاةَ،وَ لَيَأْمُرُوا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ، وَ لَيَنْهَوا عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ،إِنَّمَا يُرْغِمُ اللَّهُ أُنُوفَ رِجَالٍ يُبْغِضُونِّي،وَ يُبْغِضُونَ أَهْلَ بَيْتِي وَ ذُرِّيَّتِي؛فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ:

اَلَّذِينَ إِنْ مَكَّنّٰاهُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ أَقٰامُوا الصَّلاٰةَ وَ آتَوُا الزَّكٰاةَ وَ أَمَرُوا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَ نَهَوْا عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَ لِلّٰهِ عٰاقِبَةُ الْأُمُورِ فَلَمْ يَقْبَلِ الْقَوْمُ ذَلِكَ،فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ: وَ إِنْ يُكَذِّبُوكَ فَقَدْ كَذَّبَتْ قَبْلَهُمْ قَوْمُ نُوحٍ وَ عٰادٌ وَ ثَمُودُ* وَ قَوْمُ إِبْرٰاهِيمَ وَ قَوْمُ لُوطٍ* وَ أَصْحٰابُ مَدْيَنَ وَ كُذِّبَ مُوسىٰ فَأَمْلَيْتُ لِلْكٰافِرِينَ ثُمَّ أَخَذْتُهُمْ فَكَيْفَ كٰانَ نَكِيرِ ».

99-/7366 English:

And from him, he said: Muhammad b. Hammam narrated to us, from Muhammad b. Isma‘il al-‘Alawi, from ‘Isa b. Dawud, from Imam Abu al-Hasan Musa b. Ja‘far (peace be upon them both), who said: “One day I was with my father in the mosque when a man came to him, stood before him, and said: ‘O son of the Messenger of Allah, a verse in the Book of Allah, Mighty and Majestic, has confounded me. I asked Jabir b. Yazid about it, and he directed me to you.’ He said: ‘And what is it?’ He replied: ‘His saying, Mighty and Majestic: “Those who, should We establish them in the land, will keep up prayer and pay the poor-rate and enjoin good and forbid evil; and Allah’s is the end of affairs.”’ [Qur’an 22:41, Shakir]. My father said: ‘Yes, it was revealed about us. That was because so-and-so, and so-and-so, and a group with them—he named them—gathered to the Prophet (may Allah bless him and his family) and said: “O Messenger of Allah, to whom will this matter belong after you? By Allah, if it goes to a man from your household, we fear them for our own selves; and if it goes to others, perhaps others will be nearer and more merciful to us than they.” The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) became extremely angry at that and then said: “Lo, by Allah, had you believed in Allah and His Messenger, you would not have disliked them, for hating them is hating me, and hating me is disbelief in Allah. Then you have announced my death to me. By Allah, if Allah empowers them in the land, they will indeed establish prayer, and give the alms, and enjoin good, and forbid evil. Allah only rubs in the dust the noses of men who hate me and hate my Household and my progeny.” Then Allah, Mighty and Majestic, revealed: “Those who, should We establish them in the land, will keep up prayer and pay the poor-rate and enjoin good and forbid evil; and Allah’s is the end of affairs” [Qur’an 22:41, Shakir]. But the people did not accept that, so Allah, Glorified be He, revealed: “And if they call you a liar, so indeed nations before them rejected (prophets): the people of Nuh and ‘Ad and Samood; and the people of Ibrahim and the people of Lut; as well as the dwellers of Madyan, and Musa (too) was rejected; but I gave respite to the unbelievers, then did I punish them; so how (severe) was My disapproval!” [Qur’an 22:42-44, Shakir].’”

99-/7367 _4- وَ عَنْهُ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ،عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ،عَنْ كَثِيرِ بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ،عَنْ أَبِي الْجَارُودِ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: اَلَّذِينَ إِنْ مَكَّنّٰاهُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ أَقٰامُوا الصَّلاٰةَ وَ آتَوُا الزَّكٰاةَ وَ أَمَرُوا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَ نَهَوْا عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَ لِلّٰهِ عٰاقِبَةُ الْأُمُورِ .

قَالَ:«هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ لِآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ؛الْمَهْدِيِّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)وَ أَصْحَابِهِ،يُمَلِّكُهُمُ اللَّهُ مَشَارِقَ الْأَرْضِ وَ مَغَارِبَهَا،وَ يُظْهِرُ الدِّينَ،وَ يُمِيتُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِهِ وَ بِأَصْحَابِهِ الْبِدَعَ وَ الْبَاطِلَ كَمَا أَمَاتَ السَّفَهَةُ الْحَقَّ،حَتَّى لاَ يُرَى أَثَرٌ مِنَ الظُّلْمِ، وَ يَأْمُرُونَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ،وَ يَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ،وَ لِلَّهِ عَاقِبَةُ الْأُمُورِ».

99-/7367 English:

And from him, he said: Muhammad b. al-Husayn b. Humayd narrated to us, from Ja‘far b. ‘Abd Allah, from Kathir b. ‘Ayyash, from Abu al-Jarud, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), regarding Allah’s saying, “Those who, should We establish them in the land, will keep up prayer and pay the poor-rate and enjoin good and forbid evil; and Allah’s is the end of affairs” [Qur’an 22:41, Shakir]. He said: “This verse concerns the Family of Muhammad; [specifically] the Mahdi (peace be upon him) and his companions. Allah will give them dominion over the Easts and Wests of the earth, and He will make the religion manifest. Allah, Mighty and Majestic, will, through him and his companions, cause innovations and falsehood to die out, just as the foolish ones caused the truth to die out, until no trace of oppression is seen. They will enjoin good and forbid evil, and to Allah belongs the outcome of affairs.”

99-/7368 _5- وَ عَنْهُ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ هَمَّامٍ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْعَلَوِيِّ،عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ دَاوُدَ،قَالَ:

حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ جَدِّهِ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فِي آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)خَاصَّةً:

أُذِنَ لِلَّذِينَ يُقٰاتَلُونَ بِأَنَّهُمْ ظُلِمُوا وَ إِنَّ اللّٰهَ عَلىٰ نَصْرِهِمْ لَقَدِيرٌ* اَلَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُوا مِنْ دِيٰارِهِمْ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ إِلاّٰ أَنْ يَقُولُوا رَبُّنَا اللّٰهُ [1] -ثُمَّ تَلاَ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى- وَ لِلّٰهِ عٰاقِبَةُ الْأُمُورِ ».

99-/7368 English:

And from him, he said: Muhammad b. Hammam narrated to us, from Muhammad b. Isma‘il al-‘Alawi, from ‘Isa b. Dawud, who said: Musa b. Ja‘far narrated to us, from his father, from his grandfather (peace be upon them), who said: “This verse was revealed specifically about the Family of Muhammad (peace be upon them): ‘Permission is given to those who fight because they have been wronged, and most surely Allah is well able to assist them—Those who have been expelled from their homes without a just cause except that they say: Our Lord is Allah’—then he recited until His saying—‘and Allah’s is the end of affairs.’” [Qur’an 22:39-40, Shakir; and the end of 22:41]

_3) -تأويل الآيات 1:24/342.

_3) -Ta’wīl al-Āyāt 1:24/342.

_4) -تأويل الآيات 1:25/343.

_4) -Ta’wīl al-Āyāt 1:25/343.

_5) -تأويل الآيات 1:14/338.

_5) -Ta’wīl al-Āyāt 1:14/338.

99-/7369 _6- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،قَالَ:فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي الْجَارُودِ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): « اَلَّذِينَ إِنْ مَكَّنّٰاهُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ أَقٰامُوا الصَّلاٰةَ وَ آتَوُا الزَّكٰاةَ فَهَذِهِ لِآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ،وَ الْمَهْدِيِّ وَ أَصْحَابِهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) يُمَلِّكُهُمُ اللَّهُ مَشَارِقَ الْأَرْضِ وَ مَغَارِبَهَا،وَ يُظْهِرُ الدِّينَ،وَ يُمِيتُ اللَّهُ بِهِ وَ بِأَصْحَابِهِ الْبِدَعَ وَ الْبَاطِلَ كَمَا أَمَاتَ السَّفَهَةُ الْحَقَّ،حَتَّى لاَ يُرَى أَثَرٌ لِلظُّلْمِ،وَ يَأْمُرُونَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ،وَ يَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ».

99-/7369 English:

‘Ali b. Ibrahim said: In the narration of Abu al-Jarud, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him): “‘Those who, should We establish them in the land, will keep up prayer and pay the poor-rate…’—this [verse] is for the Family of Muhammad (peace be upon them) to the end of the verse. And as for the Mahdi and his companions (peace be upon him), Allah will grant them dominion over the Easts and Wests of the earth, He will make the religion manifest, and Allah will, by him and his companions, cause innovations and falsehood to die out just as the foolish caused the truth to die out, until no trace of injustice is seen; and they will enjoin good and forbid evil.” [Qur’an 22:41, Shakir]

قوله تعالى:

فَكَأَيِّنْ مِنْ قَرْيَةٍ أَهْلَكْنٰاهٰا -إلى قوله تعالى- وَ قَصْرٍ مَشِيدٍ [45]

English translation (Qur’an 22:45, M. H. Shakir):

How many a town We did destroy while it was unjust, so it is fallen down upon its roofs, and (how many) a deserted well and a lofty castle!

/7370 _1-علي بن إبراهيم،قال:و أمّا قوله: فَكَأَيِّنْ مِنْ قَرْيَةٍ أَهْلَكْنٰاهٰا وَ هِيَ ظٰالِمَةٌ فَهِيَ خٰاوِيَةٌ عَلىٰ عُرُوشِهٰا العروش:سقف البيت و حولها و جوانبها.

قال:و أمّا قوله: وَ بِئْرٍ مُعَطَّلَةٍ وَ قَصْرٍ مَشِيدٍ قال:هو مثل جرى لآل محمد(عليهم السلام)؛قوله: وَ بِئْرٍ مُعَطَّلَةٍ :هي التي لا يستقى منها،و هو الإمام الذي قد غاب فلا يقتبس منه العلم إلى وقت ظهوره [2]،و القصر المشيد:هو المرتفع،و هو مثل لأمير المؤمنين و الأئمة(عليهم السلام)،و فضائلهم [3] المنتشرة في العالمين،المشرفة على الدنيا،و تستطار ثمّ تشرق على الدنيا [4]،و هو قوله: لِيُظْهِرَهُ عَلَى الدِّينِ كُلِّهِ [5]و قال الشاعر في ذلك:

بئر معطلة و قصر مشرف

مثل لآل محمّد مستطرف

فالقصر مجدهم الذي لا يرتقى

و البئر علمهم الذي لا ينزف [6]

/7370 _1- English:

‘Ali b. Ibrahim said: As for His saying, “So how many a town We destroyed while it was unjust, so it is fallen down upon its roofs”—the ‘arush are the roof of the house, what surrounds it, and its sides. And as for His saying, “and a deserted well and a lofty castle,” he said: it is a parable that occurred for the Family of Muhammad (peace be upon them). His saying, “a deserted well”—it is one from which water is not drawn, and it is the Imam who has gone into occultation, so knowledge is not taken from him until the time of his appearance [2]. And “a lofty castle” is that which is elevated; it is a parable for the Commander of the Faithful and the Imams (peace be upon them), and for their virtues [3] spread among the worlds, overlooking the world, soaring forth and then shining upon the world [4]. And it is His saying: “that He may make it prevail over all religion” [Qur’an 9:33; 48:28; 61:9, Shakir]. And the poet said regarding that:

“A deserted well and an eminent castle—

A novel parable for the Family of Muhammad.

The castle is their glory which none can ascend,

And the well is their knowledge which cannot be exhausted.” [6]

_6) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:87.

_6) -Tafsīr al-Qummī 2:87.

_1) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:85 و 87.

_1) -Tafsīr al-Qummī 2:85 wa 87.

[1] سورة الحجّ 22:39 و 40.

[1] Sūrat al-Hajj 22:39 wa 40.

[2] (إلى وقت ظهوره)ليس في المصدر.

[2] (ilā waqt ẓuhūrih) laysa fī al-maṣdar.

[3] في«ج،ي،ط»:و قضاياهم.

[3] fī “J, Y, Ṭ”: wa qaḍāyāhum.

[4] في المصدر:و فضائلهم المشرفة على الدنيا.

[4] fī al-maṣdar: wa faḍā’iluhum al-mushrifah ‘alā al-dunyā.

[5] التوبة 9:33،الفتح 48:28،الصف 61:9.

[5] al-Tawbah 9:33, al-Fatḥ 48:28, al-Ṣaff 61:9.

[6] أي لا يفنى.

[6] ay lā yafna.