S 2 A 180

لِذَلِكَ عَنِ الْقَتْلِ،كَانَ حَيَاةً لِلَّذِي كَانَ هَمَّ بِقَتْلِهِ،وَ حَيَاةً لِهَذَا الْجَانِي الَّذِي أَرَادَ أَنْ يَقْتُلَ،وَ حَيَاةً لِغَيْرِهِمَا مِنَ النَّاسِ، إِذَا عَلِمُوا أَنَّ الْقِصَاصَ وَاجِبٌ لاَ يَجْسُرُونَ عَلَى الْقَتْلِ مَخَافَةَ الْقِصَاصِ يٰا أُولِي الْأَلْبٰابِ أُولِي الْعُقُولِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ ». ثُمَّ قَالَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«عِبَادَ اللَّهِ،هَذَا قِصَاصُ قَتْلِكُمْ لِمَنْ تَقْتُلُونَهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَ تُفْنُونَ رُوحَهُ،أَ وَ لاَ أُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِأَعْظَمَ مِنْ هَذَا الْقَتْلِ،وَ مَا يُوجِبُ اللَّهُ عَلَى قَاتِلِهِ مِمَّا هُوَ أَعْظَمُ مِنْ هَذَا الْقِصَاصِ؟».قَالُوا:بَلَى،يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ. قَالَ:«أَعْظَمُ مِنْ هَذَا الْقَتْلِ أَنْ يَقْتُلَهُ قَتْلاً لاَ يَنْجَبِرُ وَ لاَ يَحْيَا بَعْدَهُ أَبَداً».قَالُوا:مَا هُوَ؟ قَالَ:«أَنْ يُضِلَّهُ عَنْ نُبُوَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ،وَ عَنْ وَلاَيَةِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمَا)،وَ يَسْلُكَ بِهِ غَيْرَ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ،وَ يُغْرِيَهُ بِاتِّبَاعِ طَرِيقِ أَعْدَاءِ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)وَ الْقَوْلِ بِإِمَامَتِهِمْ،وَ رَفْعِ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ حَقِّهِ،وَ جَحْدِ فَضْلِهِ،وَ أَنْ لاَ يُبَالِيَ بِإِعْطَائِهِ وَاجِبَ تَعْظِيمِهِ،فَهَذَا هُوَ الْقَتْلُ الَّذِي هُوَ تَخْلِيدُ الْمَقْتُولِ فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ،خَالِداً مُخَلَّداً أَبَداً،فَجَزَاءُ هَذَا الْقَتْلِ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ الْخُلُودِ فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ».

Translation: Therefore, regarding killing, there is life for the one who was about to be killed, life for the offender who intended to kill, and life for others among the people—when they know that retribution is obligatory, they will not dare to kill for fear of retribution—O possessors of understanding, people of intellect, that you may be Godwary. Then he (peace be upon him) said: Servants of God, this is the retribution for your killing of the one you kill in this world by ending his life. Shall I not inform you of a killing greater than this killing, and of what God imposes upon its perpetrator which is greater than this retribution? They said: Yes, O son of the Messenger of God. He said: Greater than this killing is that one kills him with a killing that cannot be repaired and after which he never lives again. They said: What is that? He said: That he leads him astray from the prophethood of Muhammad and from the guardianship of Ali ibn Abi Talib (may God bless them), and sets him upon other than the path of God, and incites him to follow the way of the enemies of Ali (peace be upon him) and to affirm their imamate, and to remove Ali (peace be upon him) from his right and deny his virtue, and to neglect giving him the obligatory reverence due to him. This is the killing that causes the slain to abide forever in the Fire of Hell, eternally and endlessly; so the recompense for this killing is likewise abiding in the Fire of Hell.

[1] في المصدر:الجافي

[1] fi al-masdar: al-jāfī

[2] في المصدر:يوحيه

[2] fi al-masdar: yūḥīhi

[3] في المصدر:و يغير به

[3] fi al-masdar: wa yughayyiru bih

99-/801 _2- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،قَالَ: لَوْ لاَ الْقِصَاصُ لَقَتَلَ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضاً.

99-/801 _2-: Ali ibn Ibrahim said: If it were not for retribution (qisas), some of you would kill others.

قوله تعالى:

كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذٰا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْراً الْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْوٰالِدَيْنِ وَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ حَقًّا عَلَى الْمُتَّقِينَ [180]

Quran 2:180 (M. H. Shakir): It is prescribed for you when death approaches one of you, if he leaves behind wealth, that he should make a bequest for the parents and the near relatives according to usage; it is a duty on those who guard (against evil).

99-/802 _1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا،عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ،عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْوَصِيَّةِ لِلْوَارِثِ،فَقَالَ:«تَجُوزُ».قَالَ:ثُمَّ تَلاَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْراً الْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْوٰالِدَيْنِ وَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ . الشَّيْخُ فِي(التَّهْذِيبِ)بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)مِثْلَهُ.

99-/802 _1- Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub: from a number of our companions, from Sahl ibn Ziyad, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Nasr, from Ibn Bukayr, from Muhammad ibn Muslim, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him). He said: I asked him about a bequest to an heir. He said: It is permissible. Then he recited this verse: If he leaves behind wealth, a bequest for the parents and the near relatives.

_2) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:65.

_2) -Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:65.

_1) -الكافي 7:5/10.

_1) -al-Kāfī 7:5/10.

[4] التهذيب 9:793/199.

[4] al-Tahdhīb 9:793/199.

99-/803 _2- ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ فِي(الْفَقِيهِ):بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يَحْيَى،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ ابْنِ سِنَانٍ،عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ،عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: اَلْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْوٰالِدَيْنِ وَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ حَقًّا عَلَى الْمُتَّقِينَ .قَالَ:«هُوَ شَيْءٌ جَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لِصَاحِبِ هَذَا الْأَمْرِ». قَالَ:قُلْتُ:فَهَلْ لِذَلِكَ حَدٌّ؟قَالَ:«نَعَمْ». قُلْتُ:وَ مَا هُوَ؟قَالَ:«أَدْنَى مَا يَكُونُ ثُلُثُ الثُّلُثِ».

99-/803 _2- Ibn Babawayh in Man la yahduruhu al-faqih: with his chain from Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahya, from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa, from Muhammad ibn Sinan, from ‘Ammar ibn Marwan, from Sama‘ah ibn Mihran, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), about the saying of God, Mighty and Majestic: A bequest for the parents and the near relatives according to usage is a duty on the Godwary. He said: It is something God, Mighty and Majestic, has assigned to the Master of this Affair. He said: I asked: Is there a defined limit for that? He said: Yes. I said: What is it? He said: The least is one-third of one-third.

99-/804 _3- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْراً الْوَصِيَّةُ .قَالَ:«حَقٌّ جَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ فِي أَمْوَالِ النَّاسِ لِصَاحِبِ هَذَا الْأَمْرِ». قَالَ:قُلْتُ:لِذَلِكَ حَدٌّ مَحْدُودٌ؟قَالَ:«نَعَمْ». قُلْتُ:كَمْ؟قَالَ:«أَدْنَاهُ السُّدُسُ،وَ أَكْثَرُهُ الثُّلُثُ».

99-/804 _3- Al-‘Ayyashi: from ‘Ammar ibn Marwan, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him). He said: I asked him about the saying of God: If he leaves behind wealth, [then] a bequest. He said: It is a right that God has placed in people’s wealth for the Master of this Affair. He said: I asked: Is there a defined limit for that? He said: Yes. I asked: How much? He said: Its minimum is one-sixth, and its maximum is one-third.

99-/805 _4- عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْوَصِيَّةِ،تَجُوزُ لِلْوَارِثِ؟قَالَ:«نَعَمْ». ثُمَّ تَلاَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْراً الْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْوٰالِدَيْنِ وَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ .

99-/805 _4- From Muhammad ibn Muslim, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him). He said: I asked him about the bequest: is it permissible to an heir? He said: Yes. Then he recited this verse: If he leaves behind wealth, a bequest for the parents and the near relatives.

99-/806 _5- عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «مَنْ أَوْصَى بِوَصِيَّةٍ لِغَيْرِ الْوَارِثِ مِنْ صَغِيرٍ أَوْ كَبِيرٍ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ غَيْرِ الْمُنْكَرِ،فَقَدْ جَازَتْ وَصِيَّتُهُ».

99-/806 _5- From Muhammad ibn Qays, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him). He said: Whoever makes a bequest to a non-heir—minor or adult—according to what is proper and not objectionable, then his bequest is valid.

99-/807 _6- عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ،عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «مَنْ لَمْ يُوصِ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ لِذَوِي قَرَابَتِهِ مِمَّنْ لاَ يَرِثُ،فَقَدْ خَتَمَ عَمَلَهُ بِمَعْصِيَةٍ».

99-/807 _6- From al-Sakuni, from Ja‘far ibn Muhammad, from his father, from ‘Ali (peace be upon them), who said: Whoever, at his death, does not make a bequest to his close relatives who do not inherit, has sealed his deeds with a sin.

99-/808 _7- عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ،عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذٰا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْراً الْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْوٰالِدَيْنِ وَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ حَقًّا عَلَى الْمُتَّقِينَ .قَالَ:«هِيَ مَنْسُوخَةٌ، نَسَخَتْهَا آيَةُ الْفَرَائِضِ الَّتِي هِيَ الْمَوَارِيثُ فَمَنْ بَدَّلَهُ بَعْدَ مٰا سَمِعَهُ فَإِنَّمٰا إِثْمُهُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُبَدِّلُونَهُ يَعْنِي بِذَلِكَ الْوَصِيَّ».

99-/808 _7- From Ibn Maskan, from Abu Basir, from one of the two (peace be upon them), regarding His saying, Exalted: It is prescribed for you when death approaches one of you, if he leaves behind wealth, that he should make a bequest for the parents and the near relatives according to usage; a duty on the Godwary. He said: It is abrogated; abrogated by the verse of prescribed shares, which are the inheritances: But whoever alters it after he has heard it—then its sin is only upon those who alter it—meaning the executor.

99-/809 _8- عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِهِ: إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْراً الْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْوٰالِدَيْنِ وَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ حَقًّا عَلَى الْمُتَّقِينَ قَالَ:«شَيْءٌ جَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ لِصَاحِبِ هَذَا الْأَمْرِ».

99-/809 _8- From Sama‘ah, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), regarding His saying: If he leaves behind wealth, a bequest for the parents and the near relatives according to usage is a duty on the Godwary. He said: It is something God has assigned to the Master of this Affair.

_2) -من لا يحضره الفقيه 4:615/175.

_2) -Man lā yaḥḍuruhu al-faqīh 4:615/175.

_3) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:163/76.

_3) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:163/76.

_4) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:164/76.

_4) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:164/76.

_5) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:165/76.

_5) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:165/76.

_6) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:166/76.

_6) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:166/76.

_7) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:167/77.

_7) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:167/77.

_8) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:168/77.

_8) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:168/77.

[1] البقرة 2:181.

[1] al-Baqara 2:181.

قَالَ:قُلْتُ:فَهَلْ لِذَلِكَ حَدٌّ؟قَالَ:«نَعَمْ». قُلْتُ:وَ مَا هُوَ؟قَالَ:«أَدْنَى مَا يَكُونُ ثُلُثُ الثُّلُثِ».

Translation: He said: I asked: Is there a limit for that? He said: Yes. I asked: What is it? He said: The least is one-third of one-third.

قوله تعالى:

فَمَنْ بَدَّلَهُ بَعْدَ مٰا سَمِعَهُ فَإِنَّمٰا إِثْمُهُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُبَدِّلُونَهُ إِنَّ اللّٰهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ (181)

فَمَنْ خٰافَ مِنْ مُوصٍ جَنَفاً أَوْ إِثْماً فَأَصْلَحَ بَيْنَهُمْ فَلاٰ إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ إِنَّ اللّٰهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ (182)

Quran 2:181-182 (M. H. Shakir):

Whoever then alters it after he has heard it, the sin of it then is only upon those who alter it; surely Allah is Hearing, Knowing.

But he who fears from the testator an error or a sin, so he makes peace between them, there is no blame on him; surely Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.

99-/810 _1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنْ حَرِيزٍ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى بِمَالِهِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ. فَقَالَ:«أَعْطِهِ لِمَنْ أَوْصَى بِهِ لَهُ،وَ إِنْ كَانَ يَهُودِيّاً أَوْ نَصْرَانِيّاً،إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ: فَمَنْ بَدَّلَهُ بَعْدَ مٰا سَمِعَهُ فَإِنَّمٰا إِثْمُهُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُبَدِّلُونَهُ إِنَّ اللّٰهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ ».

99-/810 _1- Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub: from ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim, from his father, from Hammad ibn ‘Isa, from Hariz, from Muhammad ibn Muslim. He said: I asked Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) about a man who bequeathed his wealth “in the way of God.” He said: Give it to the one for whom he made the bequest—even if he is a Jew or a Christian. Indeed, God Most High says: Whoever then alters it after he has heard it, the sin of it then is only upon those who alter it; surely Allah is Hearing, Knowing.

99-/811 _2- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ،عَنِ الْعَلاَءِ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ،عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى بِمَالِهِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ. قَالَ:«أَعْطِ لِمَنْ أَوْصَى بِهِ لَهُ،وَ إِنْ كَانَ يَهُودِيّاً أَوْ نَصْرَانِيّاً،إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ: فَمَنْ بَدَّلَهُ بَعْدَ مٰا سَمِعَهُ فَإِنَّمٰا إِثْمُهُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُبَدِّلُونَهُ .

99-/811 _2- And from him: from Muhammad ibn Yahya, from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn, from ‘Ali ibn al-Hakam, from al-‘Ala’, from Muhammad ibn Muslim, from one of the two (peace be upon them), regarding a man who bequeathed his wealth “in the way of God.” He said: Give it to the one for whom he made the bequest—even if he is a Jew or a Christian. Indeed, God, Blessed and Exalted, says: Whoever then alters it after he has heard it, the sin of it then is only upon those who alter it.

99-/812 _3- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا،عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَهْزِيَارَ،قَالَ: كَتَبَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) إِلَى جَعْفَرٍ وَ مُوسَى:«وَ فِيمَا أَمَرْتُكُمَا مِنَ الْإِشْهَادِ بِكَذَا وَ كَذَا،نَجَاةٌ لَكُمَا فِي آخِرَتِكُمَا،وَ إِنْفَاذاً لِمَا أَوْصَى بِهِ أَبَوَاكُمَا، وَ بِرّاً مِنْكُمَا لَهُمَا،وَ احْذَرَا أَنْ تَكُونَا بَدَّلْتُمَا وَصِيَّتَهُمَا أَوْ غَيَّرْتُمَاهَا عَنْ حَالِهَا،لِأَنَّهُمَا قَدْ خَرَجَا مِنْ ذَلِكَ(رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا)،وَ صَارَ ذَلِكَ فِي رِقَابِكُمَا،وَ قَدْ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى فِي كِتَابِهِ فِي الْوَصِيَّةِ: فَمَنْ بَدَّلَهُ بَعْدَ مٰا سَمِعَهُ فَإِنَّمٰا إِثْمُهُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُبَدِّلُونَهُ إِنَّ اللّٰهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ ».

99-/812 _3- And from him: from a number of our companions, from Sahl ibn Ziyad, from ‘Ali ibn Mahziyar, who said: Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) wrote to Ja‘far and Musa: In what I commanded you regarding witnessing such and such, there is salvation for you in your Hereafter, the execution of what your parents bequeathed, and dutifulness from you to them. Beware lest you two be among those who have altered their bequest or changed it from its state, for they have been absolved of that (may God be pleased with them), and that has come to rest upon your necks. And God, Blessed and Exalted, has said in His Book regarding the bequest: Whoever then alters it after he has heard it, the sin of it then is only upon those who alter it; surely Allah is Hearing, Knowing.

99-/813 _4- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا،عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ،عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ: أَنَّ …

99-/813 _4- And from him: from a number of our companions, from Sahl ibn Ziyad, from Muhammad ibn al-Walid, from Yunus ibn Ya‘qub: that …

_1) -الكافي 7:1/14.

_1) -al-Kāfī 7:1/14.

_2) -الكافي 7:2/14.

_2) -al-Kāfī 7:2/14.

_3) -الكافي 7:3/14.

_3) -al-Kāfī 7:3/14.

_4) -الكافي 7:4/14.

_4) -al-Kāfī 7:4/14.

[1] في المصدر زيادة:لا.

[1] fi al-masdar ziyādah: lā.

[2] في المصدر:و لا.

[2] fi al-masdar: wa lā.