Ibrahim Ayah 31

قُلْ لِعِبٰادِيَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا يُقِيمُوا الصَّلاٰةَ وَ يُنْفِقُوا مِمّٰا رَزَقْنٰاهُمْ سِرًّا وَ عَلاٰنِيَةً مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ يَوْمٌ لاٰ بَيْعٌ فِيهِ وَ لاٰ خِلاٰلٌ [إبراهيم 31]

Say to My servants who believe that they should keep up prayer and spend out of what We have given them secretly and openly before the day comes in which there is no trading nor friendship. (Qur’an, Ibrahim 14:31; M. H. Shakir)

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مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ: عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى، عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) قَالَ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَرَضَ لِلْفُقَرَاءِ لَهُ فِي أَمْوَالِ الْأَغْنِيَاءِ فَرِيضَةً لاَ يُحْمَدُونَ إِلاَّ بِأَدَائِهَا، وَ هِيَ الزَّكَاةُ، بِهَا حَقَنُوا دِمَاءَهُمْ، وَ بِهَا سُمُّوا مُسْلِمِينَ، وَ لَكِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَرَضَ فِي أَمْوَالِ الْأَغْنِيَاءِ حُقُوقاً غَيْرَ الزَّكَاةِ، فَقَالَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ الَّذِينَ فِي أَمْوٰالِهِمْ حَقٌّ مَعْلُومٌ لِلسّٰائِلِ وَ الْمَحْرُومِ [1] فَالْحَقُّ الْمَعْلُومُ غَيْرُ الزَّكَاةِ، وَ هُوَ شَيْءٌ يَفْرِضُهُ الْإِنْسَانُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ فِي مَالِهِ، يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَفْرِضَهُ عَلَى قَدْرِ طَاقَتِهِ وَ سَعَةِ حَالِهِ [2]، فَيُؤَدِّي الَّذِي فَرَضَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ، وَ إِنْ شَاءَ فِي كُلِّ جُمْعَةٍ، وَ إِنْ شَاءَ فِي كُلِّ شَهْرٍ. وَ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَيْضاً: أَقْرَضُوا اللّٰهَ قَرْضاً حَسَناً [3] وَ هَذَا غَيْرُ الزَّكَاةِ، وَ قَدْ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَيْضاً يُنْفِقُوا مِمّٰا رَزَقْنٰاهُمْ سِرًّا وَ عَلاٰنِيَةً وَ الْمَاعُونُ أَيْضاً، وَ هُوَ الْقَرْضُ يُقْرِضُهُ، وَ الْمَتَاعُ يُعِيرُهُ، وَ الْمَعْرُوفُ يَصْنَعُهُ. وَ مِمَّا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَيْضاً فِي الْمَالِ مِنْ غَيْرِ الزَّكَاةِ، قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: اَلَّذِينَ يَصِلُونَ مٰا أَمَرَ اللّٰهُ بِهِ أَنْ يُوصَلَ [4] وَ مَنْ أَدَّى مَا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ فَقَدْ قَضَى مَا عَلَيْهِ، وَ أَدَّى شُكْرَ مَا أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ فِي مَالِهِ، إِذَا هُوَ حَمِدَهُ عَلَى مَا أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ فِيهِ مِمَّا فَضَّلَهُ بِهِ مِنَ السَّعَةِ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ، وَ لِمَا وَفَّقَهُ لِأَدَاءِ مَا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ، وَ أَعَانَهُ عَلَيْهِ».

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Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub—from Muhammad ibn Yahya, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from ‘Uthman ibn ‘Isa, from Sama‘ah ibn Mihran, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him)—said: “Surely Allah, Mighty and Majestic, has prescribed for His poor a due in the wealth of the rich, a duty by the performance of which they are not to be praised; and it is the zakat. By it their blood is protected, and by it they are named Muslims. But Allah, Mighty and Majestic, has also imposed in the wealth of the rich rights other than zakat. He, Mighty and Majestic, said: ‘And in their wealth there is a fixed portion for him who begs and for him who is denied’ [al-Ma‘arij 70:24–25; Shakir: And those in whose wealth there is a fixed portion for him who begs and for him who is denied]. So the ‘fixed portion’ is other than zakat; it is something a person imposes upon himself in his wealth—it is incumbent upon him to set it according to his capacity and the breadth of his circumstances—then he fulfills what he has imposed upon himself every day, or if he wishes every Friday, or if he wishes every month. And Allah, Mighty and Majestic, also said: ‘Loan to Allah a goodly loan’ [al-Hadid 57:18; Shakir: and (they) who set apart for Allah a goodly portion], and this is other than the zakat. And Allah, Mighty and Majestic, has also said: ‘They should spend out of what We have provided them secretly and openly’ [Ibrahim 14:31; Shakir: …spend out of what We have given them secretly and openly], and ‘al-ma‘un’ as well, which is the loan one gives, the article one lends, and the kindness one performs. And among what Allah, Mighty and Majestic, has also prescribed in wealth other than zakat is His saying: ‘Those who join that which Allah has bidden to be joined’ [al-Ra‘d 13:21; Shakir: And those who join that which Allah has bidden to be joined]. Whoever fulfills what Allah has made obligatory upon him has discharged what is upon him and has rendered thanks for what Allah has bestowed upon him in his wealth—when he praises Him for what He has granted him therein of abundance over others and for what He has given him success to fulfill of what Allah, Mighty and Majestic, has made obligatory and aided him in performing.”

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العيّاشيّ: عن زرعة، عن سماعة، قال: إن اللّه فرض للفقراء في أموال الأغنياء فريضة لا يحمدون بأدائها و هي الزكاة، بها حقنوا دماءهم، و بها سموا مسلمين و لكن اللّه فرض في الأموال حقوقا غير الزكاة، و قد قال اللّه تبارك و تعالى: وَ يُنْفِقُوا مِمّٰا رَزَقْنٰاهُمْ سِرًّا وَ عَلاٰنِيَةً.

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Al-‘Ayyashi: from Zura‘ah, from Sama‘ah, who said: Allah has prescribed for the poor a duty in the wealth of the rich, a duty by the performance of which they are not to be praised, and it is the zakat; by it their blood is protected, and by it they are named Muslims. But Allah has prescribed in wealth rights other than zakat; and Allah, Blessed and Exalted, has said: ‘They should spend out of what We have provided them secretly and openly’ [Ibrahim 14:31; Shakir: …spend out of what We have given them secretly and openly].

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علي بن إبراهيم: قوله: يَوْمٌ لاٰ بَيْعٌ فِيهِ وَ لاٰ خِلاٰلٌ أي لا صداقة.

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‘Ali ibn Ibrahim: His saying, ‘a day in which there is no trading nor friendship’—that is, no friendship.

_1) -الكافي 3:8/498.

al-Kāfī 3:8/498

_2) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:29/230.

Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:29/230

_3) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:371.

Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:371

[1] المعارج 70:24.

al-Ma‘ārij 70:24

[2] في المصدر:ماله.

fī al-masdar: mālah

[3] الحديد 57:18.

al-Hadīd 57:18

[4] الرعد 13:21.

al-Ra‘d 13:21

اَللّٰهُ الَّذِي خَلَقَ السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضَ وَ أَنْزَلَ مِنَ السَّمٰاءِ مٰاءً فَأَخْرَجَ بِهِ مِنَ الثَّمَرٰاتِ رِزْقاً لَكُمْ وَ سَخَّرَ لَكُمُ الْفُلْكَ لِتَجْرِيَ فِي الْبَحْرِ بِأَمْرِهِ وَ سَخَّرَ لَكُمُ الْأَنْهٰارَ وَ سَخَّرَ لَكُمُ الشَّمْسَ وَ الْقَمَرَ دٰائِبَيْنِ وَ سَخَّرَ لَكُمُ اللَّيْلَ وَ النَّهٰارَ [إبراهيم 32-33]

Allah is He Who created the heavens and the earth and sent down water from the cloud, then brought forth with it fruits as sustenance for you, and He has made the ships subservient to you, that they might run through the sea by His command, and He has made the rivers subservient to you. And He has made the sun and the moon subservient to you; they are constant (in their courses), and He has made the night and the day subservient to you. (Qur’an, Ibrahim 14:32–33; M. H. Shakir)

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علي بن إبراهيم: و قوله: وَ سَخَّرَ لَكُمُ الشَّمْسَ وَ الْقَمَرَ دٰائِبَيْنِ أي على الولاء. و كيفية خلق السماوات و الأرض تقدم في أول سورة هود، في قوله تعالى: وَ هُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضَ فِي سِتَّةِ أَيّٰامٍ وَ كٰانَ عَرْشُهُ عَلَى الْمٰاءِ [1]. و قوله: وَ أَنْزَلَ مِنَ السَّمٰاءِ مٰاءً تقدم الحديث في أول سورة البقرة، في قوله تعالى اَلَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ الْأَرْضَ فِرٰاشاً وَ السَّمٰاءَ بِنٰاءً وَ أَنْزَلَ مِنَ السَّمٰاءِ مٰاءً [2]. و قوله وَ سَخَّرَ لَكُمُ الشَّمْسَ وَ الْقَمَرَ تقدم حديثها في سورة يونس، في قوله تعالى: هُوَ الَّذِي جَعَلَ الشَّمْسَ ضِيٰاءً وَ الْقَمَرَ نُوراً [3].

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‘Ali ibn Ibrahim: His saying, ‘And He has made the sun and the moon subservient to you; they are constant’—that is, in succession. As for how the heavens and the earth were created, this was discussed at the beginning of Surat Hud, in His saying: ‘And He it is Who created the heavens and the earth in six periods, and His Throne was on the water’ [Hud 11:7; Shakir: And He it is Who created the heavens and the earth in six periods and His Throne was on the water…]. And His saying: ‘and sent down water from the sky’ was discussed at the beginning of Surat al-Baqarah, in His saying: ‘Who made the earth a resting place for you and the heaven a canopy, and sent down water from the cloud’ [al-Baqarah 2:22; Shakir: Who made the earth a resting place for you and the heaven a canopy, and (Who) sends down rain from the cloud…]. And His saying, ‘And He has made the sun and the moon subservient to you’ was discussed in Surat Yunus, in His saying: ‘He it is Who made the sun a shining brightness and the moon a light’ [Yunus 10:5; Shakir: He it is Who made the sun a shining brightness and the moon a light…].

_1) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:371.

Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:371

_2) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:30/230.

Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:30/230

_3) -الكافي 8:592/394.

al-Kāfī 8:592/394

[1] تقدّم في الأحاديث(1،2،3،5،6)من تفسير الآية(7)من سورة هود.

tuqaddima fī al-ahādīth (1, 2, 3, 5, 6) min tafsīr al-āyah (7) min Sūrat Hūd

[2] تقدّم في الحديث(1)من تفسير الآية(22)من سورة البقرة.

tuqaddama fī al-hadīth (1) min tafsīr al-āyah (22) min Sūrat al-Baqarah

[3] تقدّم في الأحاديث(1-3)من تفسير الآية(5)من سورة يونس.

tuqaddama fī al-ahādīth (1–3) min tafsīr al-āyah (5) min Sūrat Yūnus

وَ آتٰاكُمْ مِنْ كُلِّ مٰا سَأَلْتُمُوهُ وَ إِنْ تَعُدُّوا نِعْمَتَ اللّٰهِ لاٰ تُحْصُوهٰا إِنَّ الْإِنْسٰانَ لَظَلُومٌ كَفَّارٌ وَ إِذْ قٰالَ إِبْرٰاهِيمُ رَبِّ اجْعَلْ هٰذَا الْبَلَدَ آمِناً وَ اجْنُبْنِي وَ بَنِيَّ أَنْ نَعْبُدَ الْأَصْنٰامَ رَبِّ إِنَّهُنَّ أَضْلَلْنَ كَثِيراً مِنَ النَّاسِ فَمَنْ تَبِعَنِي فَإِنَّهُ مِنِّي وَ مَنْ عَصٰانِي فَإِنَّكَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ [إبراهيم 34-36]

And He gives you of all that you ask Him; and if you count Allah's favors, you will not be able to number them; most surely man is very unjust, very ungrateful. And when Ibrahim said: My Lord! make this city secure, and save me and my sons from worshipping idols; My Lord! surely they have led many men astray; then whoever follows me, he is surely of me; and whoever disobeys me, Thou surely art Forgiving, Merciful. (Qur’an, Ibrahim 14:34–36; M. H. Shakir)

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الْعَيَّاشِيُّ: عَنْ حُسَيْنِ بْنِ هَارُونَ-شَيْخٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)- عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) قَالَ: سَمِعْتُهُ يَقْرَأُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: وَ آتٰاكُمْ مِنْ كُلِّ مٰا سَأَلْتُمُوهُ. قَالَ: ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «الثَّوْبَ، وَ الشَّيْءَ لَمْ تَسْأَلْهُ إِيَّاهُ أَعْطَاكَ».

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Al-‘Ayyashi: from Husayn ibn Harun—a shaykh among the companions of Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him)—from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), who said: I heard him recite this verse: ‘And He gives you of all that you ask Him.’ Then Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) said: “A garment; and a thing you did not ask Him for—He granted it to you.”

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مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ: عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ، رَفَعَهُ، قَالَ: كَانَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ) إِذَا قَرَأَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: وَ إِنْ تَعُدُّوا نِعْمَتَ اللّٰهِ لاٰ تُحْصُوهٰا يَقُولُ: «سُبْحَانَ مَنْ لَمْ يَجْعَلْ فِي أَحَدٍ

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Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub: from ‘Ali ibn Muhammad, from some of his companions, in a marfu‘ report, who said: When ‘Ali ibn al-Husayn (peace be upon them) recited this verse: ‘And if you count Allah's favors, you will not be able to number them,’ he would say: “Glory be to Him who did not place in anyone…” [statement as transmitted in the source is incomplete here].