S 3 A 157-158

فَقَالَ:يَا عَلِيُّ،ائْتِنِي بِمَاءٍ أَغْسِلْ عَنِّي.فَأَتَاهُ فِي صَحْفَةٍ [1]،فَإِذَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)قَدْ عَافَهُ.وَ قَالَ:اِئْتِنِي فِي يَدِكَ.فَأَتَاهُ بِمَاءٍ فِي كَفِّهِ،فَغَسَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ عَنْ لِحْيَتِهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)».

He said: O ‘Ali, bring me water so I can wash. He brought it in a large dish, but the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) disliked it. He said: Bring it to me in your hand. So he brought water in his palm, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) washed his beard with it.

[1] الصّحفة:القصعة الكبيرة.

[1] al-saḥfa: al-qaṣ‘a al-kabīra.

قوله تعالى:

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَلَّوْا مِنْكُمْ يَوْمَ الْتَقَى الْجَمْعٰانِ إِنَّمَا اسْتَزَلَّهُمُ الشَّيْطٰانُ بِبَعْضِ مٰا كَسَبُوا -إلى قوله تعالى- وَ اللّٰهُ بِمٰا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ[155-156]

Qur’an 3:155-156 (M. H. Shakir):

Surely those of you who turned back on the day when the two armies met, it was the Shaitan who caused them to backslide because of some of what they had earned, and certainly Allah has pardoned them; surely Allah is Forgiving, Forbearing. O you who believe! be not like those who disbelieve and say of their brethren when they travel in the earth or are on an expedition: Had they been with us, they would not have died and they would not have been killed; so that Allah may make it to be an intense regret in their hearts; and Allah gives life and causes death, and Allah sees what you do.

99-/1955 _1- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ زُرَارَةَ،وَ حُمْرَانَ،وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ،عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِهِ: إِنَّمَا اسْتَزَلَّهُمُ الشَّيْطٰانُ بِبَعْضِ مٰا كَسَبُوا :«فَهُوَ فِي عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ،وَ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ».

99-/1955: Al-‘Ayyāshī, from Zurārah, and Humrān, and Muhammad b. Muslim, from one of the two (peace be upon them), regarding His saying: Surely the Shaitan caused them to slip because of some of what they had earned: “It refers to ‘Uqbah b. ‘Uthmān and ‘Uthmān b. Sa‘d.”

99-/1956 _2- عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «لَمَّا انْهَزَمَ النَّاسُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ،نَادَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ وَعَدَنِي أَنْ يُظْهِرَنِي عَلَى الدِّينِ كُلِّهِ.فَقَالَ لَهُ بَعْضُ الْمُنَافِقِينَ، وَ سَمَّاهُمَا:فَقَدْ هُزِمْنَا وَ تَسْخَرُ بِنَا».

99-/1956: From Hishām b. Sālim, from Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him), who said: “When the people fled from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) on the day of Uhud, the Messenger of Allah proclaimed: Indeed, Allah has promised me that He will cause me to prevail over all religion. Some hypocrites—he named the two—said to him: We have been defeated and you are mocking us.”

99-/1957 _3- عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِهِ: إِنَّمَا اسْتَزَلَّهُمُ الشَّيْطٰانُ بِبَعْضِ مٰا كَسَبُوا .قَالَ:«هُمْ أَصْحَابُ الْعَقَبَةِ».

99-/1957: From ‘Abd al-Rahmān b. Kathīr, from Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him), regarding His saying: Surely the Shaitan caused them to slip because of some of what they had earned. He said: “They are the Companions of the Pass (Aṣḥāb al-‘Aqaba).”

/1958 _4-و قال عليّ بن إبراهيم،في قوله تعالى: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَلَّوْا مِنْكُمْ يَوْمَ الْتَقَى الْجَمْعٰانِ إِنَّمَا اسْتَزَلَّهُمُ الشَّيْطٰانُ :أي خدعهم حتّى طلبوا الغنيمة بِبَعْضِ مٰا كَسَبُوا قال:بذنوبهم وَ لَقَدْ عَفَا اللّٰهُ عَنْهُمْ .

ثم قال: يٰا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لاٰ تَكُونُوا كَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا يعني عبد اللّه بن أبي و أصحابه الذين قعدوا عن الحرب وَ قٰالُوا لِإِخْوٰانِهِمْ إِذٰا ضَرَبُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ أَوْ كٰانُوا غُزًّى لَوْ كٰانُوا عِنْدَنٰا مٰا مٰاتُوا وَ مٰا قُتِلُوا لِيَجْعَلَ اللّٰهُ ذٰلِكَ حَسْرَةً فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ وَ اللّٰهُ يُحْيِي وَ يُمِيتُ وَ اللّٰهُ بِمٰا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ .

/1958: And ‘Alī b. Ibrāhīm said, regarding His saying: Surely those of you who turned back on the day the two hosts met, it was Shaitan who caused them to slip: that is, he deceived them until they sought the war-booty. By some of what they earned—he said: by their sins. And indeed Allah has pardoned them. Then He said: O you who believe, do not be like those who disbelieved—meaning ‘Abdullāh b. Ubayy and his companions who stayed back from the battle—and they said to their brothers when they journeyed in the land or were on an expedition: Had they been with us, they would not have died and would not have been killed, so that Allah may make that a regret in their hearts. And Allah gives life and causes death, and Allah sees what you do.

قوله تعالى:

وَ لَئِنْ قُتِلْتُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللّٰهِ أَوْ مُتُّمْ لَمَغْفِرَةٌ مِنَ اللّٰهِ وَ رَحْمَةٌ خَيْرٌ مِمّٰا يَجْمَعُونَ

Qur’an 3:157-158 (M. H. Shakir):

And if you are slain in the way of Allah or you die, certainly forgiveness from Allah and mercy is better than what they amass. And if indeed you die or you are slain, certainly to Allah you shall be gathered.

_1) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:156/201.

_1) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:156/201.

_2) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:157/201.

_2) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:157/201.

_3) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:158/201.

_3) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:158/201.

_4) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:121.

_4) -Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:121.

قوله تعالى:

-إلى قوله تعالى- لَإِلَى اللّٰهِ تُحْشَرُونَ[157-158]

Qur’an 3:157-158 (M. H. Shakir):

And if you are slain in the way of Allah or you die, certainly forgiveness from Allah and mercy is better than what they amass. And if indeed you die or you are slain, certainly to Allah you shall be gathered.

99-/1959 _1- ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ:عَنْ أَبِيهِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ، عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ،عَنِ الْمُنَخَّلِ،عَنْ جَابِرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ لَئِنْ قُتِلْتُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللّٰهِ أَوْ مُتُّمْ .قَالَ:فَقَالَ:«أَ تَدْرِي مَا سَبِيلُ اللَّهِ»؟قُلْتُ:لاَ وَ اللَّهِ حَتَّى أَسْمَعَهُ مِنْكَ.

قَالَ:«سَبِيلُ اللَّهِ:عَلِيٌّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)وَ ذُرِّيَّتُهُ،مَنْ قُتِلَ فِي وَلاَيَتِهِ قُتِلَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ،وَ مَنْ مَاتَ فِي وَلاَيَتِهِ مَاتَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ».

99-/1959: Ibn Bābūyah, from his father, who said: Sa‘d b. ‘Abdillāh narrated to us, from Muhammad b. al-Husayn, from Muhammad b. Sinān, from ‘Ammār b. Marwān, from al-Munakhkhal, from Jābir, from Abū Ja‘far (peace be upon him), who said: I asked him about this verse in the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: And if you are slain in the way of Allah or you die. He said: “Do you know what the way of Allah is?” I said: No, by Allah, not until I hear it from you. He said: “The way of Allah is ‘Alī (peace be upon him) and his progeny. Whoever is killed in loyalty to him is killed in the way of Allah, and whoever dies in loyalty to him dies in the way of Allah.”

99-/1960 _2- سَعْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْقُمِّيُّ:عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ أَبِي الْخَطَّابِ،عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ،عَمَّنْ حَدَّثَهُ،عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: سُئِلَ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ لَئِنْ قُتِلْتُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللّٰهِ أَوْ مُتُّمْ .

قَالَ:«يَا جَابِرُ،أَ تَدْرِي مَا سَبِيلُ اللَّهِ»؟قُلْتُ:لاَ وَ اللَّهِ إِلاَّ إِذَا سَمِعْتُ مِنْكَ.فَقَالَ:«الْقَتْلُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فِي وَلاَيَةِ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)وَ ذُرِّيَّتِهِ،فَمَنْ قُتِلَ فِي وَلاَيَتِهِ قُتِلَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ،وَ لَيْسَ مِنْ أَحَدٍ يُؤْمِنُ بِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ إِلاَّ وَ لَهُ قَتْلَةٌ وَ مَيْتَةٌ،إِنَّهُ مَنْ قُتِلَ يُنْشَرُ حَتَّى يَمُوتَ،وَ مَنْ يَمُوتُ يُنْشَرُ حَتَّى يُقْتَلَ».

99-/1960: Sa‘d b. ‘Abdillāh al-Qummī: from Muhammad b. al-Husayn b. Abī al-Khaṭṭāb, from ‘Abdullāh b. al-Mughīra, from one who narrated to him, from Jābir b. Yazīd, from Abū Ja‘far (peace be upon him). He said: He was asked about the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: And if you are slain in the way of Allah or you die. He said: “O Jābir, do you know what the way of Allah is?” I said: No, by Allah, except if I hear it from you. He said: “Being killed in the way of Allah is in the wilayah of ‘Alī (peace be upon him) and his progeny. Whoever is killed in his wilayah is killed in the way of Allah. And there is no one who believes in this verse except that there is for him a killing and a death; indeed, whoever is killed will be resurrected until he dies, and whoever dies will be resurrected until he is killed.”

99-/1961 _3- عَنْهُ:عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى،وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ أَبِي الْخَطَّابِ،وَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ ابْنِ عِيسَى،عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ،عَنْ زُرَارَةَ،قَالَ: كَرِهْتُ أَنْ أَسْأَلَ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنِ الرَّجْعَةِ،فَاحْتَلْتُ مَسْأَلَةً لَطِيفَةً لِأَبْلُغَ بِهَا حَاجَتِي مِنْهَا،فَقُلْتُ:أَخْبِرْنِي عَمَّنْ قُتِلَ،مَاتَ؟قَالَ:«لاَ،الْمَوْتُ مَوْتٌ، وَ الْقَتْلُ قَتْلٌ».

قُلْتُ:مَا أَحَدٌ يُقْتَلُ إِلاَّ وَ قَدْ مَاتَ؟قَالَ:«قَدْ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَ الْمَوْتِ وَ الْقَتْلِ فِي الْقُرْآنِ،فَقَالَ: أَ فَإِنْ مٰاتَ أَوْ قُتِلَ [1]وَ قَالَ: وَ لَئِنْ مُتُّمْ أَوْ قُتِلْتُمْ لَإِلَى اللّٰهِ تُحْشَرُونَ فَلَيْسَ كَمَا قُلْتَ-يَا زُرَارَةُ-فَالْمَوْتُ مَوْتٌ وَ الْقَتْلُ قَتْلٌ، وَ قَدْ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: إِنَّ اللّٰهَ اشْتَرىٰ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَ أَمْوٰالَهُمْ بِأَنَّ لَهُمُ الْجَنَّةَ يُقٰاتِلُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللّٰهِ فَيَقْتُلُونَ وَ يُقْتَلُونَ وَعْداً عَلَيْهِ حَقًّا [2]».

قَالَ:قُلْتُ:إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ: كُلُّ نَفْسٍ ذٰائِقَةُ الْمَوْتِ [3]أَ فَرَأَيْتَ مَنْ قُتِلَ لَمْ يَذُقِ الْمَوْتَ؟فَقَالَ:

99-/1961: From him: from Aḥmad b. Muhammad b. ‘Īsā, and Muhammad b. al-Husayn b. Abī al-Khaṭṭāb, and ‘Abdullāh b. Muhammad b. ‘Īsā, from al-Hasan b. Maḥbūb, from ‘Alī b. Ri’āb, from Zurārah, who said: I disliked asking Abū Ja‘far (peace be upon him) about the raj‘a, so I devised a subtle question to reach my need regarding it. I said: Inform me—one who is killed, has he died? He said: “No. Death is death and killing is killing.” I said: Is there anyone who is killed except that he has [already] died? He said: “The Qur’an has distinguished between death and killing; He said: What! if he dies or is killed [1], and He said: And if indeed you die or you are slain, certainly to Allah you shall be gathered. So it is not as you have said, O Zurārah. Death is death and killing is killing. And Allah, Mighty and Majestic, has said: Surely Allah has bought from the believers their persons and their property for this, that they shall have the garden; they fight in the way of Allah, so they slay and are slain—a promise which is binding on Him [2].” He said: I said: Indeed Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says: Every soul shall taste of death [3]. So what do you say of the one who is killed—has he not tasted death? He said:

[1] آل عمران 3:144.

[1] Āl ‘Imrān 3:144.

[2] التّوبة 9:111.

[2] al-Tawba 9:111.

[3] آل عمران 3:185،الأنبياء 21:35،العنكبوت 29:57.

[3] Āl ‘Imrān 3:185; al-Anbiyā’ 21:35; al-‘Ankabūt 29:57.

«لَيْسَ مَنْ قُتِلَ بِالسَّيْفِ كَمَنْ مَاتَ عَلَى فِرَاشِهِ،إِنَّ مَنْ قُتِلَ لاَ بُدَّ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ إِلَى الدُّنْيَا حَتَّى يَذُوقَ الْمَوْتَ».

“It is not the same—one killed by the sword is not like one who died on his bed. Indeed, the one who is killed must return to the world until he tastes death.”

99-/1962 _4- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ جَابِرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: وَ لَئِنْ قُتِلْتُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللّٰهِ أَوْ مُتُّمْ .قَالَ لِي:«يَا جَابِرُ أَ تَدْرِي مَا سَبِيلُ اللَّهِ»؟قَالَ:[قُلْتُ:]لاَ أَعْلَمُ إِلاَّ أَنْ أَسْمَعَهُ مِنْكَ.

قَالَ:«سَبِيلُ اللَّهِ عَلِيٌّ وَ ذُرِّيَّتُهُ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)،وَ مَنْ قُتِلَ فِي وَلاَيَتِهِمْ قُتِلَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ،وَ مَنْ مَاتَ فِي وَلاَيَتِهِمْ مَاتَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ».

99-/1962: Al-‘Ayyāshī: from Jābir, from Abū Ja‘far (peace be upon him), who said: I asked him about the saying of Allah: And if you are slain in the way of Allah or you die. He said to me: “O Jābir, do you know what the way of Allah is?” I said: I do not know, except that I hear it from you. He said: “The way of Allah is ‘Alī and his progeny (peace be upon them). Whoever is killed in their wilayah is killed in the way of Allah, and whoever dies in their wilayah dies in the way of Allah.”

99-/1963 _5- عَنْ زُرَارَةَ،قَالَ: كَرِهْتُ أَنْ أَسْأَلَ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنِ الرَّجْعَةِ،وَ اسْتَخْفَيْتُ ذَلِكَ،قُلْتُ:لَأَسْأَلَنَّ مَسْأَلَةً لَطِيفَةً أَبْلُغُ فِيهَا حَاجَتِي،فَقُلْتُ:أَخْبِرْنِي عَمَّنْ قُتِلَ،أَ مَاتَ؟قَالَ:«لاَ،الْمَوْتُ مَوْتٌ،وَ الْقَتْلُ قَتْلٌ».

قُلْتُ:مَا أَحَدٌ يُقْتَلُ إِلاَّ وَ قَدْ مَاتَ؟فَقَالَ:«قَوْلُ اللَّهِ أَصْدَقُ مِنْ قَوْلِكَ،فَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا فِي الْقُرْآنِ،فَقَالَ: أَ فَإِنْ مٰاتَ أَوْ قُتِلَ [1]وَ قَالَ: وَ لَئِنْ مُتُّمْ أَوْ قُتِلْتُمْ لَإِلَى اللّٰهِ تُحْشَرُونَ وَ لَيْسَ كَمَا قُلْتَ-يَا زُرَارَةُ-اَلْمَوْتُ مَوْتٌ،وَ الْقَتْلُ قَتْلٌ».

قُلْتُ:فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ: كُلُّ نَفْسٍ ذٰائِقَةُ الْمَوْتِ [2].قَالَ:«مَنْ قُتِلَ لَمْ يَذُقِ الْمَوْتَ-ثُمَّ قَالَ-:لاَ بُدَّ مِنْ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ حَتَّى يَذُوقَ الْمَوْتَ».

99-/1963: From Zurārah, who said: I disliked asking Abū Ja‘far (peace be upon him) about the raj‘a and I concealed that. I said: I will surely ask a subtle question by which I can attain my need. So I said: Inform me—one who is killed, has he died? He said: “No. Death is death and killing is killing.” I said: There is no one who is killed except that he has [already] died? He said: “Allah’s word is truer than your word; He distinguished between them in the Qur’an, for He said: What! if he dies or is killed [1], and He said: And if indeed you die or you are slain, certainly to Allah you shall be gathered. It is not as you said, O Zurārah. Death is death and killing is killing.” I said: For Allah says: Every soul shall taste of death [2]. He said: “Whoever is killed has not tasted death—then he said—he must return until he tastes death.”

99-/1964 _6- عَنْ زُرَارَةَ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: وَ لَئِنْ مُتُّمْ أَوْ قُتِلْتُمْ لَإِلَى اللّٰهِ تُحْشَرُونَ ،وَ قَدْ قَالَ اللَّهُ: كُلُّ نَفْسٍ ذٰائِقَةُ الْمَوْتِ [3]؟ فَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«قَدْ فَرَّقَ اللَّهُ بَيْنَهُمَا-ثُمَّ قَالَ-:أَ كُنْتَ قَاتِلاً رَجُلاً لَوْ قَتَلَ أَخَاكَ»؟قُلْتُ:نَعَمْ.قَالَ:«فَلَوْ مَاتَ مَوْتاً،أَ كُنْتَ قَاتِلاً بِهِ أَحَداً؟»قُلْتُ:لاَ.قَالَ:«أَ لاَ تَرَى كَيْفَ فَرَّقَ اللَّهُ بَيْنَهُمَا؟».

99-/1964: From Zurārah, from Abū Ja‘far (peace be upon him), regarding Allah’s saying: And if indeed you die or you are slain, certainly to Allah you shall be gathered, and Allah has said: Every soul shall taste of death [3]. Abū Ja‘far (peace be upon him) said: “Allah has distinguished between the two.” Then he said: “Would you be a killer of a man if he had killed your brother?” I said: Yes. He said: “And if he had died a natural death, would you be a killer of anyone on his account?” I said: No. He said: “Do you not see how Allah has distinguished between them?”

99-/1965 _7- عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ،عَمَّنْ حَدَّثَهُ،عَنْ جَابِرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: سُئِلَ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ:

وَ لَئِنْ قُتِلْتُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللّٰهِ أَوْ مُتُّمْ .قَالَ:«أَ تَدْرِي-يَا جَابِرُ-مَا سَبِيلُ اللَّهِ»؟فَقُلْتُ:لاَ وَ اللَّهِ،إِلاَّ أَنْ أَسْمَعَهُ مِنْكَ.

قَالَ:«سَبِيلُ اللَّهِ عَلِيٌّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)وَ ذُرِّيَّتُهُ،فَمَنْ قُتِلَ فِي وَلاَيَتِهِ قُتِلَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ،وَ مَنْ مَاتَ فِي وَلاَيَتِهِ مَاتَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ،لَيْسَ مِنْ مُؤْمِنٍ فِي [4] هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ إِلاَّ وَ لَهُ قَتْلَةٌ وَ مَيْتَةٌ-قَالَ-:إِنَّهُ مَنْ قُتِلَ يُنْشَرُ حَتَّى يَمُوتَ،وَ مَنْ مَاتَ يُنْشَرُ حَتَّى يُقْتَلَ».

99-/1965: From ‘Abdullāh b. al-Mughīra, from one who narrated to him, from Jābir, from Abū Ja‘far (peace be upon him). He said: He was asked about the saying of Allah: And if you are slain in the way of Allah or you die. He said: “Do you know, O Jābir, what the way of Allah is?” I said: No, by Allah, except that I hear it from you. He said: “The way of Allah is ‘Alī (peace be upon him) and his progeny. So whoever is killed in his wilayah is killed in the way of Allah, and whoever dies in his wilayah dies in the way of Allah. There is no believer in [4] this ummah except that he has a killing and a death.” He said: “Indeed, whoever is killed will be resurrected until he dies, and whoever dies will be resurrected until he is killed.”

_4) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:159/202.

_4) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:159/202.

_5) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:160/202.

_5) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:160/202.

_6) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:161/202.

_6) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:161/202.

_7) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:162/202.

_7) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:162/202.

[1] آل عمران 3:144.

[1] Āl ‘Imrān 3:144.

[2] آل عمران 3:185،الأنبياء 21:35،العنكبوت 29:57.

[2] Āl ‘Imrān 3:185; al-Anbiyā’ 21:35; al-‘Ankabūt 29:57.

[3] آل عمران 3:185،الأنبياء 21:35،العنكبوت 29:57.

[3] Āl ‘Imrān 3:185; al-Anbiyā’ 21:35; al-‘Ankabūt 29:57.

[4] في المصدر:يؤمن من.

[4] fī al-maṣdar: yu’minu min.

قوله تعالى:

فَبِمٰا رَحْمَةٍ مِنَ اللّٰهِ لِنْتَ لَهُمْ -إلى قوله تعالى- وَ عَلَى اللّٰهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ[159-160]

Qur’an 3:159-160 (M. H. Shakir):

Thus it is by Allah’s mercy that you are gentle to them; and had you been rough, hard-hearted, they would certainly have dispersed from around you; pardon them therefore and ask pardon for them, and take counsel with them in the affair; so when you have decided, then place your trust in Allah; surely Allah loves those who trust. If Allah assists you, then there is none that can overcome you; and if He forsakes you, who is there then that can assist you after Him? And on Allah should the believers rely.

99-/1966 _1-قال عليّ بن إبراهيم:ثم قال لنبيه: فَبِمٰا رَحْمَةٍ مِنَ اللّٰهِ لِنْتَ لَهُمْ وَ لَوْ كُنْتَ فَظًّا غَلِيظَ الْقَلْبِ لاَنْفَضُّوا مِنْ حَوْلِكَ أي انهزموا و لم يقيموا معك،ثمّ قال تأديبا لرسوله: فَاعْفُ عَنْهُمْ وَ اسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ وَ شٰاوِرْهُمْ فِي الْأَمْرِ فَإِذٰا عَزَمْتَ فَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى اللّٰهِ إِنَّ اللّٰهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُتَوَكِّلِينَ* إِنْ يَنْصُرْكُمُ اللّٰهُ فَلاٰ غٰالِبَ لَكُمْ وَ إِنْ يَخْذُلْكُمْ فَمَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يَنْصُرُكُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ وَ عَلَى اللّٰهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ .

99-/1966: ‘Alī b. Ibrāhīm said: Then He said to His Prophet: So it is by Allah’s mercy that you are gentle to them, and had you been harsh, hard-hearted, they would surely have dispersed from around you—meaning: they would have fled and not remained with you. Then He said, disciplining His Messenger: So pardon them, and ask forgiveness for them, and consult them in the matter; then when you have resolved, put your trust in Allah. Indeed, Allah loves those who trust. If Allah helps you, none can overcome you; but if He forsakes you, who then can help you after Him? And upon Allah let the believers rely.

99-/1967 _2- ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الوَرَّاقُ،وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ السِّنَانِيُّ،وَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ(رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ)،قَالُوا:حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ زَكَرِيَّا الْقَطَّانُ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا بَكْرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ، قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا تَمِيمُ بْنُ بُهْلُولٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ الْبَصْرِيِّ،عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ الْهَاشِمِيِّ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ جَعْفَرَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ:قُلْتُ:قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ مٰا تَوْفِيقِي إِلاّٰ بِاللّٰهِ [1]وَ قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: إِنْ يَنْصُرْكُمُ اللّٰهُ فَلاٰ غٰالِبَ لَكُمْ وَ إِنْ يَخْذُلْكُمْ فَمَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يَنْصُرُكُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ .

فَقَالَ:«إِذْ فَعَلَ الْعَبْدُ مَا أَمَرَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِهِ مِنَ الطَّاعَةِ كَانَ فِعْلُهُ وِفْقاً لِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ سُمِّيَ الْعَبْدُ مُوَفَّقاً، وَ إِذَا أَرَادَ الْعَبْدُ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ مَعَاصِي اللَّهِ فَحَالَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ تِلْكَ الْمَعْصِيَةِ فَتَرَكَهَا كَانَ تَرْكُهُ لَهَا بِتَوْفِيقِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى ذِكْرُهُ،وَ مَتَى خَلَّى بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ الْمَعْصِيَةِ،فَلَمْ يَحُلْ بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَهَا حَتَّى يَرْكَبَهَا،فَقَدْ خَذَلَهُ وَ لَمْ يَنْصُرْهُ [2] وَ لَمْ يُوَفِّقْهُ».

99-/1967: Ibn Bābūyah said: ‘Alī b. ‘Abdullāh al-Warrāq, and Muhammad b. Aḥmad al-Sinānī, and ‘Alī b. Aḥmad b. Muhammad (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated to us; they said: Abū al-‘Abbās Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā b. Zakariyyā al-Qaṭṭān narrated to us; he said: Bakr b. ‘Abdullāh b. Ḥabīb narrated to us; he said: Tamīm b. Buhlūl narrated to us, from his father, from Ja‘far b. Sulaymān al-Baṣrī, from ‘Abdullāh b. al-Faḍl al-Hāshimī, who said: I asked Abā ‘Abdillāh Ja‘far b. Muhammad (peace be upon him). I said: His saying, Mighty and Majestic: And my success is not but with Allah [1], and His saying, Mighty and Majestic: If Allah helps you, none can overcome you; and if He forsakes you, who is there then that can help you after Him? He said: “When the servant does what Allah, Mighty and Majestic, has commanded him of obedience, his action accords with the command of Allah, Mighty and Majestic, and the servant is called ‘granted success’ (muwafaq). And when the servant intends to enter into something of Allah’s disobedience, and Allah—Blessed and Exalted—intervenes between him and that sin so that he leaves it, his leaving it is by the tawfīq of Allah—majestic be His remembrance. But whenever He leaves him to the sin and does not intervene between him and it until he commits it, then He has forsaken him, not helped him [2], and not granted him success.”

99-/1968 _3- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ صَفْوَانَ،قَالَ:اِسْتَأْذَنْتُ لِمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَلَى الرِّضَا أَبِي الْحَسَنِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،وَ أَخْبَرْتُهُ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ يَقُولُ بِهَذَا الْقَوْلِ،وَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ:وَ اللَّهِ لاَ أُرِيدُ بِلِقَائِهِ إِلاَّ لِأَنْتَهِيَ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ،فَقَالَ:«أَدْخِلْهُ»فَدَخَلَ،فَقَالَ لَهُ:جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ،إِنَّهُ كَانَ فَرَطَ مِنِّي شَيْءٌ،وَ أَسْرَفْتُ عَلَى نَفْسِي،وَ كَانَ فِيمَا يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَعِيبُهُ،فَقَالَ:وَ أَنَا أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ مِمَّا كَانَ مِنِّي فَأُحِبُّ أَنْ تَقْبَلَ عُذْرِي وَ تَغْفِرَ لِي مَا كَانَ مِنِّي.

فَقَالَ:«نَعَمْ،أَقْبَلُ،إِنْ لَمْ أَقْبَلْ كَانَ إِبْطَالَ مَا يَقُولُ هَذَا وَ أَصْحَابُهُ-وَ أَشَارَ إِلَيَّ بِيَدِهِ-وَ مِصْدَاقَ مَا يَقُولُ الْآخَرُونَ -يَعْنِي الْمُخَالِفِينَ-قَالَ اللَّهُ لِنَبِيِّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): فَبِمٰا رَحْمَةٍ مِنَ اللّٰهِ لِنْتَ لَهُمْ وَ لَوْ كُنْتَ فَظًّا غَلِيظَ الْقَلْبِ لاَنْفَضُّوا

99-/1968: Al-‘Ayyāshī: from Ṣafwān, who said: I sought permission for Muhammad b. Khālid to enter upon al-Riḍā, Abū al-Ḥasan (peace be upon him), and I informed him that he does not hold to this view, and that he said: By Allah, I only wish to meet him so that I may come around to his view. He said: “Admit him.” So he entered and said to him: May I be ransomed for you, something had occurred from me, and I transgressed against myself; and it was, as they claim, that he had faulted him. He said: And I seek Allah’s forgiveness for what was from me, and I would like you to accept my excuse and forgive me what came from me. He said: “Yes, I accept. If I do not accept, it would be invalidating what this one and his companions say”—and he gestured toward me with his hand—“and confirming what the others say,” meaning the opponents. “Allah said to His Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family): So it is by Allah’s mercy that you are gentle to them; and had you been harsh, hard-hearted, they would surely have dispersed from around you…”

_1) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:121.

_1) -Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:121.

_2) -التوحيد:1/242.

_2) -al-Tawḥīd 1:242.

_3) -تفسير العيّاشيّ 1:163/203.

_3) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:163/203.

[1] هود 11:88.

[1] Hūd 11:88.

[2] في المصدر زيادة:و لم يوفقه.

[2] fī al-maṣdar ziyāda: wa lam yuwafqi-h.