Al-Isra Ayah 90-95

الإسراء آيه 89

وَلَقَدْ صَرَّفْنَا لِلنَّاسِ فِي هَذَا الْقُرْآنِ مِنْ كُلِّ مَثَلٍ فَأَبَىٰ أَكْثَرُ النَّاسِ إِلَّا كُفُورًا [17:89]

And certainly We have explained for men in this Quran every kind of similitude, but most men do not consent to aught but denying. (M. H. Shakir)

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مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ: عَنْ أَحْمَدَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَظِيمِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفُضَيْلِ، عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) قَالَ: «نَزَلَ جَبْرَئِيلُ بِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ هَكَذَا: فَأَبىٰ أَكْثَرُ النّٰاسِ بِوَلاَيَةِ عَلِيٍّ إِلاّٰ كُفُوراً».

“Gabriel brought down this verse in this form: ‘But most people refused—regarding the wilayah of Ali—except denial.’”

99-/6557

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ(رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ)، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَسَدٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الثَّقَفِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ هِلاَلٍ الْأَحْمَسِيِّ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ وَهْبِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ بَحِيرَةَ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: فَأَبىٰ أَكْثَرُ النّٰاسِ إِلاّٰ كُفُوراً، قَالَ: «نَزَلَتْ فِي وَلاَيَةِ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)».

Muhammad ibn al-‘Abbas (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Ali ibn ‘Abdillah ibn Asad, from Ibrahim al-Thaqafi, from ‘Ali ibn Hilal al-Ahmasi, from al-Hasan ibn Wahb ibn ‘Ali ibn Bahira, from Jabir, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) regarding the saying of Allah, “But most men do not consent to aught but denying,” said: “It was revealed concerning the wilayah of Ali (peace be upon him).”

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وَعَنْهُ: عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ هَوْذَةَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ النَّهَاوَنْدِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حَمَّادٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «فَأَبىٰ أَكْثَرُ النّٰاسِ بِوَلاَيَةِ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) إِلاّٰ كُفُوراً».

And from him: from Ahmad ibn Hawdha, from Ibrahim ibn Ishaq al-Nahawandi, from ‘Abdullah ibn Hammad al-Ansari, from ‘Abdullah ibn Sinan, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), that he said: “But most people refused—regarding the wilayah of Ali (peace be upon him)—except denial.”

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الْعَيَّاشِيُّ: عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، قَالَ: «نَزَلَ جَبْرَئِيلُ بِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ هَكَذَا: فَأَبىٰ أَكْثَرُ النّٰاسِ بِوَلاَيَةِ عَلِيٍّ إِلاّٰ كُفُوراً».

Al-‘Ayyashi: from Abu Hamzah, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), said: “Gabriel brought down this verse in this form: ‘But most people refused—regarding the wilayah of Ali—except denial.’”

الإسراء آيات 90-95

وَقَالُوا لَنْ نُؤْمِنَ لَكَ حَتَّىٰ تَفْجُرَ لَنَا مِنَ الْأَرْضِ يَنْبُوعًا* أَوْ تَكُونَ لَكَ جَنَّةٌ مِّن نَّخِيلٍ وَعِنَبٍ فَتُفَجِّرَ الْأَنْهَارَ خِلَالَهَا تَفْجِيرًا* أَوْ تُسْقِطَ السَّمَاءَ كَمَا زَعَمْتَ عَلَيْنَا كِسَفًا أَوْ تَأْتِيَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ قَبِيلًا* أَوْ يَكُونَ لَكَ بَيْتٌ مِّن زُخْرُفٍ أَوْ تَرْقَىٰ فِي السَّمَاءِ وَلَنْ نُؤْمِنَ لِرُقِيِّكَ حَتَّىٰ تُنَزِّلَ عَلَيْنَا كِتَابًا نَّقْرَؤُهُ قُلْ سُبْحَانَ رَبِّي هَلْ كُنتُ إِلَّا بَشَرًا رَّسُولًا* وَمَا مَنَعَ النَّاسَ أَنْ يُؤْمِنُوا إِذْ جَاءَهُمُ الْهُدَىٰ إِلَّا أَنْ قَالُوا أَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ بَشَرًا رَسُولًا* قُلْ لَوْ كَانَ فِي الْأَرْضِ مَلَائِكَةٌ يَمْشُونَ مُطْمَئِنِّينَ لَنَزَّلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَلَكًا رَسُولًا [17:90-95]

And they say: We will by no means believe in you until you cause a fountain to gush forth from the earth for us, or you should have a garden of palms and grapes in the midst of which you should cause rivers to flow forth, or you should cause the heaven to come down upon us in pieces as you think, or bring Allah and the angels face to face (with us), or you should have a house of gold, or you should ascend into heaven, and we will not believe in your ascending until you bring down to us a book which we may read. Say: Glory be to my Lord; am I aught but a mortal apostle? And nothing prevented people from believing when the guidance came to them but that they said: What! has Allah raised up a mortal as an apostle? Say: Had there been in the earth angels walking about as settlers, We would certainly have sent down to them from the heaven an angel as an apostle. (M. H. Shakir)

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الْإِمَامُ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) قَالَ: «قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ): فَهَلْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) يُنَاظِرُهُمْ إِذَا عَانَتُوهُ وَ يُحَاجُّهُمْ؟ قَالَ: بَلَى، مِرَاراً كَثِيرَةً: مِنْهَا مَا حَكَى اللَّهُ مِنْ قَوْلِهِمْ: وَ قٰالُوا مٰا لِهٰذَا الرَّسُولِ يَأْكُلُ الطَّعٰامَ وَ يَمْشِي فِي الْأَسْوٰاقِ لَوْ لاٰ أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْهِ مَلَكٌ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: مَسْحُوراً وَ قٰالُوا لَوْ لاٰ نُزِّلَ هٰذَا الْقُرْآنُ عَلىٰ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْقَرْيَتَيْنِ عَظِيمٍ وَ قٰالُوا لَنْ نُؤْمِنَ لَكَ حَتّٰى تَفْجُرَ لَنٰا مِنَ الْأَرْضِ يَنْبُوعاً إِلَى قَوْلِهِ كِتٰاباً نَقْرَؤُهُ .

ثُمَّ قِيلَ لَهُ فِي آخِرِ ذَلِكَ: لَوْ كُنْتَ نَبِيّاً كَمُوسَى لَنَزَلَتْ عَلَيْنَا الصَّاعِقَةُ فِي مَسْأَلَتِنَا إِيَّاكَ، لِأَنَّ مَسْأَلَتَنَا أَشَدُّ مِنْ مَسَائِلِ قَوْمِ مُوسَى لِمُوسَى(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، قَالَ: وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) كَانَ قَاعِداً ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ بِمَكَّةَ بِفِنَاءِ الْكَعْبَةِ إِذَا اجْتَمَعَ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ رُؤَسَاءِ قُرَيْشٍ...»

Imam al-Hasan ibn ‘Ali al-‘Askari (peace be upon him) said: “I said to my father ‘Ali ibn Muhammad (peace be upon them both): Did the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) debate and argue with them when they were obstinate? He said: Yes, many times; among them what Allah related of their saying: ‘And they say: What ails this apostle that he eats food and goes about in the markets? Why has not an angel been sent down to him?’ … up to ‘bewitched,’ and their saying: ‘And they say: Why was not this Quran revealed to a man of importance in the two towns?’ and their saying: ‘And they say: We will by no means believe in you until you cause a fountain to gush forth…’ up to ‘a book which we may read.’

Then, at the end of that, it was said to him: If you were a prophet like Moses, the thunderbolt would have descended upon us for our demand of you, since our demand is more severe than what the people of Moses demanded of Moses (peace be upon him). He said: That was when the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) was one day sitting in Mecca in the courtyard of the Ka‘bah, and a group of the chiefs of Quraysh gathered…”

[The Imam then narrates at length how ‘Abdullah ibn Abi Umayyah led the objection, listing demands: a spring from the earth in Mecca, a garden of palms and grapes with rivers running through, pieces of the sky falling as he had claimed, bringing Allah and the angels face to face, a house of gold, or ascending to heaven and bringing down a written book addressed to them—culminating in his admission that even then he might still not believe. The Prophet (may Allah bless him and his family) supplicated; Allah revealed the verses responding to each objection and instructed the Prophet to say he is only a mortal apostle. The Prophet then refuted, point by point: that Allah does as He wills and is praised; that prophethood is a divine selection not negated by eating or walking in markets; that if a king-prophet with palaces and servants were sent, the message would be veiled and the mission thwarted; that an angel sent to humans would appear in human form and would not serve as a decisive proof; that their proposal to have the sky fall would only destroy them and Allah is more merciful; that bringing Allah “face-to-face” is impossible, and even in their own affairs they accept envoys without demanding the principal; that asking for a house of gold proves nothing (as kings have it without being prophets); that even if he ascended and brought down a book, they were already confessing obstinacy. He concluded with the revealed formula: “Say: Glory be to my Lord! Am I aught but a mortal apostle?” He further answered Abu Jahl’s claim regarding the thunderbolt by citing the story of Abraham’s vision in the malakut and Allah’s merciful governance, and he showed them descending fires then lights from their loins repelling them—explaining the reprieve due to future believers among them or from their progeny.]

[1] الفرقان 25:7-8 — al-Furqān 25:7-8

[2] الزخرف 43:31 — al-Zukhruf 43:31

[3] في المصدر:مسألة — fī al-maṣdar: masʾalah

[4] في «ط»: و يذكّرهم — fī “Ṭ”: wa yudhak-kiruhum

[5] في «ط»: و محاورته — fī “Ṭ”: wa muḥāwaratah

[6] القِرْن… — al-qirn…

[7] في نسخة من «ط»: و محاورا — fī nuskhat min “Ṭ”: wa muḥāwaran

[8] في المصدر زيادة: و بساتين — fī al-maṣdar ziyādah: wa basātīn

[1] الفرقان 25:7-8 — al-Furqān 25:7-8

[2] الزخرف 43:31 — al-Zukhruf 43:31

[3] في المصدر:مسألة — fī al-maṣdar: masʾalah

[4] في «ط»: و يذكّرهم — fī “Ṭ”: wa yudhak-kiruhum

[5] في «ط»: و محاورته — fī “Ṭ”: wa muḥāwaratah

[6] القِرْن… — al-qirn…

[7] في نسخة من «ط»: و محاورا — fī nuskhat min “Ṭ”: wa muḥāwaran

[8] في المصدر زيادة: و بساتين — fī al-maṣdar ziyādah: wa basātīn

[1] في «ط»: فتأكل منها و تطعمها، و في المصدر: و تطعمنا — fī “Ṭ”: fataʾkulu minhā wa tuṭʿimuhā, wa fī al-maṣdar: wa tuṭʿimunā

[2] الطور 52:44 — al-Ṭūr 52:44

[3] في المصدر زيادة: به و — fī al-maṣdar ziyādah: bihi wa

[4] العلق 96:6-7 — al-ʿAlaq 96:6-7

[5] في «س» و المصدر: و أخلتناها — fī “S” wa al-maṣdar: wa akhltanāhā

[6] الإسراء 17:48، الفرقان 25:9 — al-Isrāʾ 17:48, al-Furqān 25:9

[7] الفرقان 25:10 — al-Furqān 25:10

[8] هود 11:12 — Hūd 11:12

[9] الأنعام 6:8-9 — al-Anʿām 6:8-9

[1] الزَّمْنَى… — al-zamnā…

[2] الكهف 18:110، فصلت 41:6 — al-Kahf 18:110, Fuṣṣilat 41:6

[4] في «س» و «ط»: الناظر — fī “S” wa “Ṭ”: al-nāẓir

[1] في المصدر: لم يكن في ذلك ما يدلّكم — fī al-maṣdar: lam yakun fī dhālika mā yadullukum

[2] في المصدر زيادة: صحة — fī al-maṣdar ziyādah: ṣiḥḥah

[3] في المصدر زيادة: أو زلّة — fī al-maṣdar ziyādah: aw zallah

[4] الخنا… — al-khanā…

[5] الإسراء 17:48، الفرقان 25:9 — al-Isrāʾ 17:48, al-Furqān 25:9

[6] الزخرف 43:31 — al-Zukhruf 43:31

[7] في المصدر: شربة ماء — fī al-maṣdar: sharbat māʾ

[8] في «ط»: رجلا له، و في المصدر: و جلاله — fī “Ṭ”: rajulan lahu, wa fī al-maṣdar: wa jalālah

[9] … «لسان العرب-لزب-1:738» — … “Lisān al-ʿArab - Lazb - 1:738”

[1] في «س» و المصدر: كما — fī “S” wa al-maṣdar: kamā

[2] الزخرف 43:32 — al-Zukhruf 43:32

[3] الزخرف 43:32 — al-Zukhruf 43:32

[4] الزخرف 43:32 — al-Zukhruf 43:32

[1] رسول — rasūl (not in “S”)

[1] في «ط»: رسول مبشر مأمور — fī “Ṭ”: rasūl mubashshir maʾmūr

[2] في المصدر… — fī al-maṣdar…

[3] في المصدر: حكمة — fī al-maṣdar: ḥikmah

[4] في «س»: يبعثه — fī “S”: yabʿathuhu

[5] في المصدر: سأل — fī al-maṣdar: saʾal

[6] الأنعام 6:75 — al-Anʿām 6:75

[1] في المصدر: الحنان — fī al-maṣdar: al-ḥannān

[2] في «س»: يؤمنون — fī “S”: yuʾminūn

[3] سيرة عكرمة… — Sīrat ʿIkrimah…

[4] … «تاج العروس-سمت-1:555» — … “Tāj al-ʿArūs - Samt - 1:555”

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عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ: إِنَّهَا نَزَلَتْ فِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي أُمَيَّةَ أَخِي أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ(رَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهَا)، وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ هَذَا لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) بِمَكَّةَ قَبْلَ الْهِجْرَةِ…»

‘Ali ibn Ibrahim: It was revealed about ‘Abdullah ibn Abi Umayyah, the brother of Umm Salama (may Allah have mercy on her). He had said this to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) in Mecca before the Hijrah. When the Messenger of Allah came out to conquer Mecca, ‘Abdullah met him and greeted him, but the Prophet did not return his greeting and turned away. His sister Umm Salama was with the Prophet, so ‘Abdullah appealed to her. When the Prophet entered upon Umm Salama, she pleaded for her brother. The Prophet said: “Your brother belied me with a denial none among people has done; he is the one who said to me: ‘We will not believe in you until you cause a fountain… or you bring Allah and the angels face to face… or ascend into heaven, and we will not believe in your ascending until you bring down to us a book we may read.’” She said: “Did you not say that Islam obliterates what came before it?” He said: “Yes,” and so the Prophet accepted his Islam.

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«وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي الْجَارُودِ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِهِ: حَتّٰى تَفْجُرَ لَنٰا مِنَ الْأَرْضِ يَنْبُوعاً يَعْنِي عَيْناً… فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: قُلْ سُبْحٰانَ رَبِّي هَلْ كُنْتُ إِلاّٰ بَشَراً رَسُولاً».

“And in the narration of Abu al-Jarud from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) regarding His saying, ‘until you cause a fountain to gush forth for us from the earth,’ meaning a spring; ‘or you should have a garden,’ meaning an orchard of palms and grapes… Allah, Mighty and Majestic, sent down: ‘Say: Glory be to my Lord; am I aught but a mortal apostle?’”

99-/6563

الْعَيَّاشِيُّ: عَنْ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي الدَّيْلَمِ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «قٰالُوا أَ بَعَثَ اللّٰهُ بَشَراً رَسُولاً…».

Al-‘Ayyashi: from ‘Abd al-Hamid ibn Abi al-Daylam, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him): “They said: ‘Has Allah raised up a mortal as an apostle?’ They claimed the jinn had been on earth before us and Allah sent an angel to them; so had He wanted to send to us, He would have sent an angel. This is His saying, Blessed and Exalted: ‘And nothing prevented people from believing … except that they said: Has Allah raised up a mortal as an apostle?’”

99-/6564

عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ… عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(ع): «بَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ… جَاءَ مَلَكٌ يُخَيِّرُهُ بَيْنَ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَلِكاً رَسُولاً أَوْ عَبْداً رَسُولاً…».

‘Ali ibn Ibrahim … from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him): “While the Messenger of Allah was sitting with Gabriel, Gabriel glanced toward the sky and his color changed … until a mighty being filled what was between the horizons and addressed the Prophet: ‘I am a messenger of Allah to you; I give you the choice to be a king-apostle or a servant-apostle.’ The Prophet looked to Gabriel; Gabriel said: ‘Rather, be a servant-apostle.’ Then the angel ascended, placing his foot stepwise through the seven heavens, diminishing as he rose. Gabriel explained: ‘This is Israfil, the gatekeeper of the Lord; he has not descended from his station since the creation of the heavens and the earth. I feared the Hour. Between him and the Lord are seventy veils of light… The tablet between his eyes is of red ruby; when the Lord speaks revelation, the tablet strikes his brow, he looks into it, then conveys it to us, and we hasten with it through the heavens and the earth.’”

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قال عليّ بن إبراهيم: و قوله: وَ مٰا مَنَعَ النّٰاسَ أَنْ يُؤْمِنُوا… «قال: قال الكفّار: لم لم يبعث اللّه إلينا الملائكة؟…».

‘Ali ibn Ibrahim said regarding His saying, “And nothing prevented people from believing …” He said: “The unbelievers said: Why did Allah not send the angels to us? Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: And had We sent them an angel, they would not believe and would perish; and had there been angels walking calmly in the earth, We would have sent down to them from heaven an angel as an apostle.”

الإسراء آيه 97

وَنَحْشُرُهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ عَلَىٰ وُجُوهِهِمْ عُمْيًا وَبُكْمًا وَصُمًّا مَأْوَاهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ كُلَّمَا خَبَتْ زِدْنَاهُمْ سَعِيرًا [17:97]

And We will gather them together on the day of resurrection on their faces, blind and dumb and deaf; their abode is hell; whenever it becomes allayed, We will add to their burning. (M. H. Shakir)

المراجع (كما وردت مع تعريبها بالحروف)

_1) الكافي 1:64/351 — al-Kāfī 1:64/351

_2) تأويل الآيات 1:30/290، شواهد التنزيل 1:482/353 — Taʾwīl al-Āyāt 1:30/290, Shawāhid al-Tanzīl 1:482/353

_3) تأويل الآيات 1:31/291 — Taʾwīl al-Āyāt 1:31/291

_4) تفسير العيّاشي 2:166/317 — Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī 2:166/317

_5) التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السّلام): 314/500 — al-Tafsīr al-Mansūb ilā al-Imām al-ʿAskarī: 314/500

_2) تفسير القمّيّ 2:26 — Tafsīr al-Qummī 2:26

_3) تفسير القمّيّ 2:27 — Tafsīr al-Qummī 2:27

_4) تفسير العيّاشي 2:167/317 — Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī 2:167/317

_5) تفسير القمّيّ 2:27 — Tafsīr al-Qummī 2:27

_6) تفسير القمّيّ 2:27 — Tafsīr al-Qummī 2:27