An-Nahl Ayah 20-25

99-/5994 _14- الطَّبْرِسِيُّ،قَالَ:قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «نَحْنُ الْعَلاَمَاتُ،وَ النَّجْمُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)، وَ لَقَدْ قَالَ:إِنَّ اللَّهَ جَعَلَ النُّجُومَ أَمَاناً لِأَهْلِ السَّمَاءِ،وَ جَعَلَ أَهْلَ بَيْتِي أَمَاناً لِأَهْلِ الْأَرْضِ».

We are the signs, and the star is the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family). And he indeed said: Surely Allah has made the stars a protection for the inhabitants of the heaven, and He has made my household a protection for the inhabitants of the earth.

قوله تعالى:

وَإِنْ تَعُدُّوا نِعْمَةَ اللّٰهِ لَا تُحْصُوهَا إِنَّ اللّٰهَ لَغَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ [النحل 16:18]

And if you would count Allah’s favor, you will not be able to number it; most surely Allah is Forgiving, Merciful. (M. H. Shakir)

99-/5995 _1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ،رَفَعَهُ،قَالَ: كَانَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)إِذَا قَرَأَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: وَإِنْ تَعُدُّوا نِعْمَةَ اللّٰهِ لَا تُحْصُوهَا يَقُولُ:«سُبْحَانَ مَنْ لَمْ يَجْعَلْ فِي أَحَدٍ مِنْ مَعْرِفَةِ نِعَمِهِ إِلَّا الْمَعْرِفَةَ بِالتَّقْصِيرِ عَنْ مَعْرِفَتِهَا،كَمَا لَمْ يَجْعَلْ فِي أَحَدٍ مِنْ مَعْرِفَةِ إِدْرَاكِهِ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ أَنَّهُ لَا يُدْرِكُهُ،فَشَكَرَ جَلَّ وَعَزَّ مَعْرِفَةَ الْعَارِفِينَ بِالتَّقْصِيرِ عَنْ مَعْرِفَةِ شُكْرِهِ،فَجَعَلَ مَعْرِفَتَهُمْ بِالتَّقْصِيرِ شُكْراً.كَمَا عَلِمَ عِلْمَ الْعَالِمِينَ أَنَّهُمْ لَا يُدْرِكُونَهُ فَجَعَلَهُ إِيمَاناً،عِلْماً مِنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَدُّ [1] وُسْعِ الْعِبَادِ فَلَا يَتَجَاوَزُ ذَلِكَ،فَإِنَّ شَيْئاً مِنْ خَلْقِهِ لَا يَبْلُغُ مَدَى عِبَادَتِهِ،وَكَيْفَ يُبْلَغُ مَدَى عِبَادَتِهِ مَنْ لَا مَدَى لَهُ وَلَا كَيْفَ؟تَعَالَى اللَّهُ قَدْراً عَنْ ذَلِكَ عُلُوّاً كَبِيراً».

Muhammad b. Ya‘qub, from ‘Ali b. Muhammad, from some of his companions, raised (to the Imam): He said: When ‘Ali b. al-Husayn (peace be upon them) would recite this verse: And if you would count Allah’s favor, you will not be able to number it, he would say: Glory be to Him who has placed in no one’s knowledge of His favors anything but the knowledge of being deficient in knowing them—just as He has placed in no one’s knowledge of perceiving Him more than knowing that he cannot perceive Him. So the Majestic and Mighty One has deemed the knowers’ awareness of their deficiency in knowing His thanks to be gratitude, and He made their knowledge of their deficiency gratitude—just as He knew, as to the knowledge of the knowledgeable, that they do not perceive Him, and He made that faith—knowing from Himself that this is the utmost capacity of the servants and they do not surpass it. For none of His creatures reaches the extent of His worship; and how could one reach the extent of the worship of Him who has no extent and no how? Exalted is Allah, in rank above that, with a great exaltation.

و قد تقدم في هذه الآية هذا الحديث و غيره في قوله تعالى: وَآتَاكُمْ مِنْ كُلِّ مَا سَأَلْتُمُوهُ وَإِنْ تَعُدُّوا نِعْمَتَ اللّٰهِ لَا تُحْصُوهَا من سورة إبراهيم [2].

And this hadith and others have already preceded regarding His saying: And He gives you of all you ask of Him; and if you would count Allah’s favor, you will not be able to number it, from Surah Ibrahim [2].

قوله تعالى:

وَالَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللّٰهِ لَا يَخْلُقُونَ شَيْئاً وَهُمْ يُخْلَقُونَ. أَمْوَاتٌ غَيْرُ أَحْيَاءٍ وَمَا يَشْعُرُونَ أَيَّانَ يُبْعَثُونَ. إِلٰهُكُمْ إِلٰهٌ وَاحِدٌ فَالَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْآخِرَةِ قُلُوبُهُمْ مُنْكِرَةٌ وَهُمْ مُسْتَكْبِرُونَ. لَا جَرَمَ أَنَّ اللّٰهَ يَعْلَمُ مَا يُسِرُّونَ وَمَا يُعْلِنُونَ إِنَّهُ لَا يُحِبُّ الْمُسْتَكْبِرِينَ. وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ مَاذَا أَنْزَلَ رَبُّكُمْ قَالُوا أَسَاطِيرُ الْأَوَّلِينَ. لِيَحْمِلُوا أَوْزَارَهُمْ كَامِلَةً يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَمِنْ أَوْزَارِ الَّذِينَ يُضِلُّونَهُمْ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ أَلَا سَاءَ مَا يَزِرُونَ [النحل 16:20-25]

And those whom they call on besides Allah have not created anything while they are themselves created. Dead (are they), not living, and they know not when they shall be raised. Your God is One God; so as for those who do not believe in the hereafter, their hearts are ignorant and they are proud. Truly Allah knows what they hide and what they proclaim; surely He does not love the proud. And when it is said to them: What is it that your Lord has revealed? they say: Stories of the ancients. That they may bear their burdens entirely on the day of resurrection and also of the burdens of those whom they lead astray without knowledge; now surely evil is what they bear. (M. H. Shakir)

99-/5996 _2- علي بن إبراهيم:إنّه ردّ على عبدة الأصنام،قال:و قوله: وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ مَاذَا أَنْزَلَ رَبُّكُمْ في علي قٰالُوا أَسَاطِيرُ الْأَوَّلِينَ يعني أكاذيب الأولين.

‘Ali b. Ibrahim: It is a refutation of the idol-worshippers. He said regarding His saying: And when it is said to them: What is it that your Lord has revealed concerning ‘Ali? they say: Tales of the ancients—meaning the lies of the ancients.

_14) - مجمع البيان 5:545. Majma‘ al-Bayān 5:545.

_1) - الكافي 8:592/394. al-Kāfī 8:592/394.

_2) - تفسير القمّيّ 1:383. Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:383.

[1] القَدُّ: قدرُ الشيء وتقطيعه.«لسان العرب-قدد-3:345». al-qaddu: the measure and cutting of a thing. “Lisān al-‘Arab – qdd – 3:345”.

[2] تقدّم في الحديث(2)من تفسير الآيات(34-36)من سورة إبراهيم. Taqaddama fī al-hadīth (2) min tafsīr al-āyāt (34–36) min Sūrat Ibrāhīm.

99-/5997 _2- عَلِيُّ،بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي جَعْفَرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْكَرِيمِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحِيمِ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفُضَيْلِ،عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ الثُّمَالِيِّ،قَالَ:سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَقُولُ فِي قَوْلِهِ: فَالَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْآخِرَةِ :«يَعْنِي أَنَّهُمْ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالرَّجْعَةِ أَنَّهَا حَقٌّ قُلُوبُهُمْ مُنْكِرَةٌ يَعْنِي أَنَّهَا كَافِرَةٌ وَهُمْ مُسْتَكْبِرُونَ يَعْنِي أَنَّهُمْ عَنْ وَلَايَةِ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) مُسْتَكْبِرُونَ لَا جَرَمَ أَنَّ اللّٰهَ يَعْلَمُ مَا يُسِرُّونَ وَمَا يُعْلِنُونَ إِنَّهُ لَا يُحِبُّ الْمُسْتَكْبِرِينَ عَنْ وَلَايَةِ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)». وَقَالَ:«نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ هَكَذَا: وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ مَاذَا أَنْزَلَ رَبُّكُمْ فِي عَلِيٍّ قَالُوا أَسَاطِيرُ الْأَوَّلِينَ».

‘Ali b. Ibrahim said: Ja‘far b. Ahmad narrated to me, who said: ‘Abd al-Karim b. ‘Abd al-Rahim narrated to us, from Muhammad b. ‘Ali, from Muhammad b. al-Fudayl, from Abu Hamzah al-Thumali, who said: I heard Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) say about His saying: So those who do not believe in the Hereafter: It means they do not believe in the Return (raj‘ah), that it is truth; their hearts are denying—meaning they are unbelieving—and they are proud, meaning they are proud against the guardianship (wilayah) of ‘Ali (peace be upon him). No indeed, Allah knows what they hide and what they proclaim; surely He does not love those who are proud against the wilayah of ‘Ali (peace be upon him). And he said: This verse was revealed thus: And when it is said to them: What has your Lord sent down concerning ‘Ali? they say: Tales of the ancients.

99-/5998 _3- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ جَابِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ وَالَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللّٰهِ لَا يَخْلُقُونَ شَيْئاً وَهُمْ يُخْلَقُونَ. أَمْوَاتٌ غَيْرُ أَحْيَاءٍ وَمَا يَشْعُرُونَ أَيَّانَ يُبْعَثُونَ. قَالَ:«الَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ: اَلْأَوَّلُ وَالثَّانِي وَالثَّالِثُ،كَذَّبُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) بِقَوْلِهِ: وَالُوا عَلِيّاً وَاتَّبِعُوهُ. فَعَادَوْا عَلِيّاً(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) وَلَمْ يُوَالُوهُ،وَدَعَوُا النَّاسَ إِلَى وَلَايَةِ أَنْفُسِهِمْ،فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ: وَالَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللّٰهِ». قَالَ:«وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ: لَا يَخْلُقُونَ شَيْئاً فَإِنَّهُ يَعْنِي لَا يَعْبُدُونَ شَيْئاً وَهُمْ يُخْلَقُونَ فَإِنَّهُ يَعْنِي وَهُمْ يُعْبَدُونَ،وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ: أَمْوَاتٌ غَيْرُ أَحْيَاءٍ يَعْنِي كُفَّاراً غَيْرَ مُؤْمِنِينَ،وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ: وَمَا يَشْعُرُونَ أَيَّانَ يُبْعَثُونَ فَإِنَّهُ يَعْنِي أَنَّهُمْ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ، أَنَّهُمْ يُشْرِكُونَ إِلٰهُكُمْ إِلٰهٌ وَاحِدٌ فَإِنَّهُ كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ. وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ: فَالَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ فَإِنَّهُ يَعْنِي عَنْ وَلَايَةِ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) مُسْتَكْبِرُونَ، قَالَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ وَعِيداً مِنْهُ: لَا جَرَمَ أَنَّ اللّٰهَ يَعْلَمُ مَا يُسِرُّونَ وَمَا يُعْلِنُونَ إِنَّهُ لَا يُحِبُّ الْمُسْتَكْبِرِينَ عَنْ وَلَايَةِ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)».

Al-‘Ayyashi: From Jabir, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him): I asked him about this verse: And those whom they call upon besides Allah do not create anything while they are themselves created; dead, not living, and they do not perceive when they will be raised. He said: Those whom they call upon besides Allah are the first, the second, and the third. They belied the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) when he said: Give allegiance to ‘Ali and follow him. So they opposed ‘Ali (peace be upon him) and did not befriend him, and they called the people to the allegiance of themselves; that is Allah’s saying: And those whom they call on besides Allah. As for His saying: They do not create anything—it means they do not worship anything; and while they are created—it means, they are worshiped. And His saying: Dead, not living—it means unbelievers, not believers. And His saying: and they do not perceive when they will be raised—it means they do not believe; they associate (others). Your God is One God, just as Allah has said. And as for His saying: So those who do not believe—it means they are proud against the wilayah of ‘Ali (peace be upon him). Allah said, as a threat to those who do that: Truly Allah knows what they hide and what they proclaim; surely He does not love those who are proud against the wilayah of ‘Ali (peace be upon him).

عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ الثُّمَالِيِّ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،مِثْلَهُ سَوَاءً [1].

From Abu Hamzah al-Thumali, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), the like of it exactly. [1]

99-/5999 _4- عَنْ مَسْعَدَةَ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ،قَالَ: مَرَّ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)بِمَسَاكِينِ قَدْ بَسَطُوا كِسَاءً لَهُمْ،فَأَلْقَوْا عَلَيْهِ كِسَراً،فَقَالُوا:هَلُمَّ يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ،فَثَنَى وَرِكَهُ فَأَكَلَ مَعَهُمْ،ثُمَّ تَلاَ إِنَّهُ لَا يُحِبُّ الْمُسْتَكْبِرِينَ ثُمَّ قَالَ:«قَدْ أَجَبْتُكُمْ فَأَجِيبُونِي»قَالُوا:نَعَمْ-يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ-وَ تَعْمَى عَيْنٌ،فَقَامُوا مَعَهُ حَتَّى أَتَوْا مَنْزِلَهُ،فَقَالَ لِلرَّبَابِ:«أَخْرِجِي مَا كُنْتِ تَدَّخِرِينَ».

From Mas‘adah b. Sadaqah: Al-Husayn b. ‘Ali (peace be upon him) passed by some poor people who had spread out a covering for themselves, and they threw on it broken pieces (of bread). They said, “Come, O son of the Messenger of Allah.” So he lowered his side and ate with them. Then he recited: Surely He does not love the proud. Then he said, “I have answered you, so answer me.” They said, “Yes, O son of the Messenger of Allah,” and an eye be blinded (i.e., by oath). They rose with him until they came to his house, and he said to al-Rabab, “Bring out what you had been storing.”

99-/6000 _5- عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «نَزَّلَ جَبْرَئِيلُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ هَكَذَا: وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ مَاذَا أَنْزَلَ رَبُّكُمْ فِي عَلِيٍّ قَالُوا أَسَاطِيرُ الْأَوَّلِينَ يَعْنُونَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ».

From Abu Hamzah, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), who said: “Gabriel sent down this verse thus: And when it is said to them: What has your Lord sent down concerning ‘Ali? they say: Tales of the ancients—meaning the Children of Israel.”

_2) - تفسير القمّيّ 1:383. Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:383.

_3) - تفسير العيّاشي 2:14/256. Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:14/256.

_4) - تفسير العيّاشي 2:15/257. Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:15/257.

_5) - تفسير العيّاشي 2:17/257، شواهد التنزيل 1:456/331. Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:17/257; Shawāhid al-Tanzīl 1:456/331.

[1] تفسير العيّاشي 2:/257 ذيل حديث(14) Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:257, dhayl ḥadīth (14).

99-/6001 _6- عَنْ جَابِرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِهِ: وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ مَاذَا أَنْزَلَ رَبُّكُمْ فِي عَلِيٍّ قَالُوا أَسَاطِيرُ الْأَوَّلِينَ :«سَجَعَ أَهْلُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فِي جَاهِلِيَّتِهِمْ،فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ: أَسَاطِيرُ الْأَوَّلِينَ،وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ: لِيَحْمِلُوا أَوْزَارَهُمْ كَامِلَةً يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فَإِنَّهُ يَعْنِي لِيَسْتَكْمِلُوا [1] الْكُفْرَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ،وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ: وَمِنْ أَوْزَارِ الَّذِينَ يُضِلُّونَهُمْ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ يَعْنِي يَتَحَمَّلُونَ كُفْرَ الَّذِينَ يَتَوَلَّوْنَهُمْ،قَالَ اللَّهُ: أَلَا سَاءَ مَا يَزِرُونَ».

From Jabir, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), regarding His saying: And when it is said to them: What has your Lord sent down concerning ‘Ali? they say: Tales of the ancients: The soothsaying of the people of Jahiliyyah in their ignorance; that is His saying: Tales of the ancients. And as for His saying: That they may bear their burdens entirely on the Day of Resurrection—it means that they complete [1] disbelief on the Day of Resurrection. And His saying: and also of the burdens of those whom they lead astray without knowledge—meaning they bear the disbelief of those who take them as patrons. Allah said: Lo! evil is what they bear.

99-/6002 _7- علي بن إبراهيم:قال اللّه عزّ و جلّ: لِيَحْمِلُوا أَوْزَارَهُمْ كَامِلَةً يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَمِنْ أَوْزَارِ الَّذِينَ يُضِلُّونَهُمْ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ قال:يحملون آثامهم،يعني الذين غصبوا أمير المؤمنين(عليه السلام)،و آثام كل من اقتدى بهم، و هو قول الصادق(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «وَاللَّهِ مَا أُهْرِيقَتْ مِحْجَمَةٌ مِنْ دَمٍ،وَلَا قُرِعَ عَصًا بِعَصًا،وَلَا غُصِبَ فَرْجٌ حَرَامٌ،وَلَا أُخِذَ مَالٌ مِنْ غَيْرِ حِلِّهِ،إِلَّا وَوِزْرُ ذَلِكَ فِي أَعْنَاقِهِمَا،مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَنْقُصَ مِنْ أَوْزَارِ الْعَامِلِينَ شَيْئاً».

‘Ali b. Ibrahim: Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: That they may bear their burdens entirely on the Day of Resurrection, and also of the burdens of those whom they lead astray without knowledge. He said: They will bear their sins—meaning those who usurped the right of the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him)—and the sins of everyone who followed them. And it is the saying of al-Sadiq (peace be upon him): By Allah, not a phlebotomy bowl of blood was poured, nor a stick struck against a stick, nor a forbidden private part violated, nor wealth taken unlawfully, but that the burden of that is upon their necks, without anything being diminished from the burdens of the doers.

99-/6003 _8- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ،عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنِ الْوَشَّاءِ،عَنْ أَبَانٍ، عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ الْأَسَدِيِّ،عَنِ الْكُمَيْتِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ الْأَسَدِيِّ،قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)فَقَالَ:«وَاللَّهِ-يَا كُمَيْتُ-لَوْ كَانَ عِنْدَنَا مَالٌ لَأَعْطَيْنَاكَ مِنْهُ،وَلَكِنْ لَكَ مَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) لِحَسَّانَ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ: لَنْ يَزَالَ مَعَكَ رُوحُ الْقُدُسِ مَا ذَبَبْتَ عَنَّا». قَالَ:قُلْتُ:خَبِّرْنِي عَنِ الرَّجُلَيْنِ؟قَالَ:فَأَخَذَ الْوِسَادَةَ فَكَسَرَهَا فِي صَدْرِهِ،ثُمَّ قَالَ:«وَاللَّهِ-يَا كُمَيْتُ-مَا أُهْرِيقَتْ مِحْجَمَةٌ مِنْ دَمٍ،وَلَا أُخِذَ مَالٌ مِنْ غَيْرِ حِلِّهِ،وَلَا قُلِبَ حَجَرٌ عَنْ حَجَرٍ،إِلَّا ذَاكَ فِي أَعْنَاقِهِمَا».

Muhammad b. Ya‘qub: from al-Husayn b. Muhammad al-Ash‘ari, from al-Mu‘alla b. Muhammad, from al-Washsha’, from Aban, from ‘Uqbah b. Bashir al-Asadi, from al-Kumayt b. Zayd al-Asadi, who said: I entered upon Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him). He said: By Allah, O Kumayt, were there wealth with us we would give you from it; but for you is what the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) said to Hassan b. Thabit: The Holy Spirit will not cease to be with you so long as you defend us. He said: I said, Inform me about the two men. He took the cushion and pressed it against his chest, then said: By Allah, O Kumayt, not a phlebotomy bowl of blood was poured, nor was any wealth taken unlawfully, nor was a stone turned over a stone, but that is upon the necks of those two.

99-/6004 _9- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي،عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ،عَنْ جَمِيلٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: «خَطَبَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)بَعْدَ مَا بُويِعَ لَهُ بِخَمْسَةِ أَيَّامٍ خُطْبَةً،فَقَالَ فِيهَا:وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ لِكُلِّ حَقٍّ طَالِباً،وَلِكُلِّ دَمٍ ثَائِراً،وَالطَّالِبُ لِحَقِّنَا كَقِيَامِ الثَّائِرِ بِدِمَائِنَا،وَالْحَاكِمُ فِي حَقِّ نَفْسِهِ هُوَ الْعَادِلُ الَّذِي لَا يَحِيفُ،وَالْحَاكِمُ الَّذِي لَا يَجُورُ،وَهُوَ اللَّهُ الْوَاحِدُ الْقَهَّارُ. وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ عَلَى كُلِّ شَارِعِ بِدْعَةٍ وِزْرَهُ وَوِزْرَ كُلِّ مُقْتَدٍ [2] بِهِ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ،مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَنْقُصَ مِنْ أَوْزَارِ الْعَامِلِينَ شَيْئاً،وَسَيَنْتَقِمُ اللَّهُ مِنَ الظَّلَمَةِ مَأْكَلاً بِمَأْكَلٍ وَمَشْرَباً بِمَشْرَبٍ،مِنْ لُقَمِ الْعَلْقَمِ وَمَشَارِبِ الصَّبِرِ الْأَدْهَمِ [3]،فَلْيَشْرَبُوا بِالصَّبِّ [4] مِنَ الرَّاحِ [5] السَّمَّ الْمُدَافَ،وَلْيَلْبَسُوا دِثَارَ [6] الْخَوْفِ دَهْراً طَوِيلاً،وَلَهُمْ بِكُلِّ مَا أَتَوْا وَعَمِلُوا مِنْ أَفَاوِيقِ [1] الصَّبِرِ الْأَدْهَمِ فَوْقَ مَا أَتَوْا وَعَمِلُوا،أَمَا إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَبْقَ إِلَّا الزَّمْهَرِيرُ مِنْ شِتَائِهِمْ،وَمَا لَهُمْ مِنَ الصَّيْفِ إِلَّا رَقْدَةٌ، وَيْحَهُمْ مَا تَزَوَّدُوا وَجَمَعُوا عَلَى ظُهُورِهِمْ مِنَ الْآثَامِ وَالْخَطَايَا. فَيَا مَطَايَا الْخَطَايَا،وَيَا زَوْرَ الزَّوْرِ،وَأَوْزَارَ الْآثَامِ مَعَ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا،اسْمَعُوا وَاعْقِلُوا وَتُوبُوا،وَابْكُوا عَلَى أَنْفُسِكُمْ،فَسَيَعْلَمُ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا أَيَّ مُنْقَلَبٍ يَنْقَلِبُونَ. فَأُقْسِمُ ثُمَّ أُقْسِمُ،لَتَحْمِلَنَّهَا بَنُو أُمَيَّةَ مِنْ بَعْدِي،وَلَيَعْرِفُنَّهَا فِي دَارِ غَيْرِهِمْ عَمَّا قَلِيلٍ،فَلَا يُبَعِّدُ اللَّهُ إِلَّا مَنْ ظَلَمَ،وَعَلَى الْبَادِي-يَعْنِي الْأَوَّلَ-مَا سَهَّلَ لَهُمْ مِنْ سَبِيلِ الْخَطَايَا مِثْلُ أَوْزَارِهِمْ وَأَوْزَارِ كُلِّ مَنْ عَمِلَ بِوِزْرِهِمْ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ،وَمِنْ أَوْزَارِ الَّذِينَ يُضِلُّونَهُمْ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ،أَلَا سَاءَ مَا يَزِرُونَ».

‘Ali b. Ibrahim said: My father narrated to me, from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr, from Jamil, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), who said: The Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him), five days after allegiance was given to him, delivered a sermon in which he said: And know that every right has a claimant, and every blood has an avenger. The one who seeks our right is like one who rises to avenge our blood. The judge of his own right is the just one who does not incline, the judge who does not wrong—and He is Allah, the One, the Subduer. And know that upon every originator of an innovation is his burden and the burden of everyone who follows [2] him after him, without anything being diminished from the burdens of the doers. And Allah will take vengeance on the wrongdoers—food for food and drink for drink—of the morsels of al-‘alqam and the draughts of the jet-black sabr [aloe]. So let them drink by pouring from the rāḥ [5] the mixed poison, and let them wear as an outer garment [6] the cloak of fear for a long age. And for them, for all that they have brought and done, are downpours [1] of the jet-black sabr over and above what they have brought and done. Behold, nothing remains for their winter but bitter cold, and for their summer but a slumber. Woe to them, what provisions they have taken and loaded upon their backs of sins and offenses. O mounts of offenses; O backs of falsehood; and burdens of sins with those who did wrong—listen, understand, repent, and weep over yourselves, for those who did wrong shall soon know to what place of return they shall return. I swear, then I swear, the sons of Umayyah will bear it after me; and they shall soon recognize it in another’s abode. Allah does not drive away except one who has done wrong. And upon the initiator—meaning the first—is what he facilitated for them of the path of offenses: the like of their burdens and the burdens of everyone who acted by their burden until the Day of Resurrection, and of the burdens of those whom they lead astray without knowledge. Lo! evil is what they bear.

_6) - تفسير العيّاشي 2:18/257. Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:18/257.

_7) - تفسير القمّيّ 1:383. Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:383.

_8) - الكافي 8:75/102. al-Kāfī 8:75/102.

_9) - تفسير القمّيّ 1:384. Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:384.

[1] الأفاويق: ما اجتمع من الماء في السحاب،فهو يمطر ساعة بعد ساعة. و الأفاويق أيضا جميع(الفيقة)اسم اللبن الذي يجتمع في الضرع بين الحلبتين. و كُنِّيَ به هنا عن استمرار العذاب. al-afāwīq: what gathers of water in the cloud, raining time after time; also the plural of fīqah, the milk collected in the udder between two milkings—here a kenning for continual torment.

[2] في «ط»: معتقد. fī “Ṭ”: mu‘taqad.

[3] الأدهم: الأسود.«لسان العرب-دهم-12:209». al-adham: black. “Lisān al-‘Arab – dhhm – 12:209”.

[4] في «ط»: معتقد. fī “Ṭ”: mu‘taqad.

[5] الراح: الخمر.«الصحاح-روح-1:368». al-rāḥ: wine. “al-Ṣiḥāḥ – rūḥ – 1:368”.

[6] الدثار: كلّ ما كان من الثياب فوق الشعار.«الصحاح-دثر-2:655». al-dithār: any garment worn over the undergarment. “al-Ṣiḥāḥ – dthar – 2:655”.

99-/6005 _10- ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي(رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ)،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ السَّيَّارِيِّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ الْكُوفِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي حَنَانُ بْنُ سَدِيرٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ اللَّيْثِيِّ،قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْبَاقِرِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ،أَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الْمُؤْمِنِ الْمُسْتَبْصِرِ إِذَا بَلَغَ فِي الْمَعْرِفَةِ وَكَمَلَ،هَلْ يَزْنِي؟قَالَ:«اللَّهُمَّ لَا».قُلْتُ:فَيَلُوطُ؟قَالَ:«اللَّهُمَّ لَا».قُلْتُ:فَيَسْرِقُ؟قَالَ: «لَا».قُلْتُ:فَيَشْرَبُ الْخَمْرَ؟قَالَ:«لَا».قُلْتُ:فَيَأْتِي بِكَبِيرَةٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْكَبَائِرِ أَوْ فَاحِشَةٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْفَوَاحِشِ؟قَالَ:«لَا». قُلْتُ:فَيُذْنِبُ ذَنْباً؟قَالَ:«نَعَمْ،هُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ مُذْنِبٌ مُلِمٌّ».قُلْتُ:مَا مَعْنَى مُلِمٍّ؟قَالَ:«الْمُلِمُّ بِالذَّنْبِ لَا يَلْزَمُهُ وَلَا يَصِيرُ عَلَيْهِ». قَالَ:فَقُلْتُ:سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ!مَا أَعْجَبَ هَذَا،لَا يَزْنِي،وَلَا يَلُوطُ،وَلَا يَسْرِقُ،وَلَا يَشْرَبُ الْخَمْرَ،وَلَا يَأْتِي بِكَبِيرَةٍ مِنَ الْكَبَائِرِ وَلَا فَاحِشَةٍ!فَقَالَ:«لَا تَعْجَبْ مِنْ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ،إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَفْعَلُ مَا يَشَاءُ،وَلَا يُسْأَلُ عَمَّا يَفْعَلُ وَهُمْ يُسْأَلُونَ،فَمِمَّ عَجِبْتَ يَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ؟سَلْ وَلَا تَسْتَنْكِفْ وَلَا تَسْتَحِ،فَإِنَّ هَذَا الْعِلْمَ لَا يَتَعَلَّمُهُ مُسْتَكْبِرٌ وَلَا مستحيي [مُسْتَحْيٍ]». قُلْتُ:يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ،إِنِّي أَجِدُ مِنْ شِيعَتِكُمْ مَنْ يَشْرَبُ الْخَمْرَ،وَيَقْطَعُ الطَّرِيقَ،وَيُخِيفُ السَّبِيلَ،وَيَزْنِي، وَيَلُوطُ،وَيَأْكُلُ الرِّبَا،وَيَرْتَكِبُ الْفَوَاحِشَ،وَيَتَهَاوَنُ بِالصَّلَاةِ وَالصِّيَامِ وَالزَّكَاةِ،وَيَقْطَعُ الرَّحِمَ،وَيَأْتِي الْكَبَائِرَ،فَكَيْفَ هَذَا،وَلِمَ ذَاكَ؟فَقَالَ:«يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ،هَلْ يَخْتَلِجُ فِي صَدْرِكَ شَيْءٌ غَيْرُ هَذَا؟»قُلْتُ:نَعَمْ-يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ-أُخْرَى أَعْظَمُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ.فَقَالَ:«وَمَا هُوَ،يَا أَبَا إِسْحَاقَ؟»قَالَ:فَقُلْتُ:يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ،وَأَجِدُ مِنْ أَعْدَائِكُمْ،وَمِنْ مُنَاصِبِيكُمْ مَنْ يُكْثِرُ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ وَمِنَ الصِّيَامِ،وَيُخْرِجُ الزَّكَاةَ،وَيُتَابِعُ بَيْنَ الْحَجِّ وَالْعُمْرَةِ،وَيَحْرِصُ عَلَى الْجِهَادِ،وَيَأْثَرُ [2] عَلَى الْبِرِّ وَعَلَى صِلَةِ الْأَرْحَامِ،وَيَقْضِي حُقُوقَ إِخْوَانِهِ،وَيُوَاسِيهِمْ مِنْ مَالِهِ،وَيَتَجَنَّبُ شُرْبَ الْخَمْرِ وَالزِّنَا وَاللِّوَاطَ،وَسَائِرَ الْفَوَاحِشِ، فَمِمَّ ذَاكَ؟وَلِمَ ذَلِكَ؟فَسِّرْهُ لِي يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ وَبَرْهِنْهُ وَبَيِّنْهُ،فَقَدْ-وَاللَّهِ-كَثُرَ فِكْرِي،وَأَسْهَرَ لَيْلِي وَضَاقَ ذَرْعِي. قَالَ:فَتَبَسَّمَ الْبَاقِرُ(صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ)،ثُمَّ قَالَ:«يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ،خُذْ إِلَيْكَ بَيَاناً شَافِياً فِيمَا سَأَلْتَ،وَعِلْماً مَكْنُوناً مِنْ خَزَائِنِ عِلْمِ اللَّهِ وَسِرِّهِ،أَخْبِرْنِي-يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ-كَيْفَ تَجِدُ اعْتِقَادَهُمَا؟». قُلْتُ:يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ،أَجِدُ مُحِبِّيكُمْ وَشِيعَتَكُمْ عَلَى مَا هُمْ فِيهِ مِمَّا وَصَفْتُهُ مِنْ أَفْعَالِهِمْ،لَوْ أُعْطِيَ أَحَدُهُمْ مَا بَيْنَ الْمَشْرِقِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ ذَهَباً وَفِضَّةً أَنْ يَزُولَ عَنْ وَلَايَتِكُمْ وَمَحَبَّتِكُمْ إِلَى مُوَالاَةِ غَيْرِكُمْ وَمَحَبَّتِهِمْ،مَا زَالَ،وَلَوْ ضُرِبَتْ خَيَاشِيمُهُ بِالسُّيُوفِ فِيكُمْ،وَلَوْ قُتِلَ فِيكُمْ مَا ارْتَدَعَ وَلَا رَجَعَ عَنْ مَحَبَّتِكُمْ وَوَلَايَتِكُمْ.وَأَرَى النَّاصِبَ عَلَى مَا هُوَ عَلَيْهِ مِمَّا وَصَفْتُهُ مِنْ أَفْعَالِهِمْ،لَوْ أُعْطِيَ أَحَدُهُمْ مَا بَيْنَ الْمَشْرِقِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ ذَهَباً وَفِضَّةً أَنْ يَزُولَ عَنْ مَحَبَّةِ الطَّوَاغِيتِ وَمُوَالاَتِهِمْ إِلَى مُوَالاَتِكُمْ،مَا فَعَلَ وَلَا زَالَ،وَلَوْ ضُرِبَتْ خَيَاشِيمُهُ بِالسُّيُوفِ فِيهِمْ،وَلَوْ قُتِلَ فِيهِمْ،مَا ارْتَدَعَ وَلَا رَجَعَ، وَإِذَا سَمِعَ أَحَدُهُمْ مَنْقَبَةً لَكُمْ وَفَضْلاً اشْمَأَزَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَتَغَيَّرَ لَوْنُهُ،وَرُؤِيَ كَرَاهِيَةُ ذَلِكَ فِي وَجْهِهِ،بُغْضاً لَكُمْ وَمَحَبَّةً لَهُمْ. قَالَ:فَتَبَسَّمَ الْبَاقِرُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،ثُمَّ قَالَ:«يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ،هَاهُنَا هَلَكَتِ الْعَامِلَةُ النَّاصِبَةُ،تَصْلَى نَاراً حَامِيَةً،تُسْقَى مِنْ عَيْنٍ آنِيَةٍ،وَمِنْ أَجْلِ ذَلِكَ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: وَقَدِمْنَا إِلَىٰ مَا عَمِلُوا مِنْ عَمَلٍ فَجَعَلْنَاهُ هَبَاءً مَنْثُوراً [1] وَيْحَكَ-يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ-أَتَدْرِي مَا السَّبَبُ وَالْقِصَّةُ فِي ذَلِكَ،وَمَا الَّذِي قَدْ خَفِيَ عَلَى النَّاسِ مِنْهُ»؟ قُلْتُ:يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ،فَبَيِّنْهُ لِي وَاشْرَحْهُ وَبَرْهِنْهُ. قَالَ:«يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ،إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى لَمْ يَزَلْ عَالِماً قَدِيماً،خَلَقَ الْأَشْيَاءَ لَا مِنْ شَيْءٍ،وَمَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ خَلَقَ الْأَشْيَاءَ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَقَدْ كَفَرَ،لِأَنَّهُ لَوْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ الشَّيْءُ الَّذِي خَلَقَ مِنْهُ الْأَشْيَاءَ قَدِيماً مَعَهُ فِي أَزَلِيَّتِهِ وَهُوِيَّتِهِ،كَانَ ذَلِكَ الشَّيْءُ أَزَلِيّاً،بَلْ خَلَقَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ الْأَشْيَاءَ كُلَّهَا لَا مِنْ شَيْءٍ،فَكَانَ مِمَّا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَرْضاً طَيِّبَةً،ثُمَّ فَجَّرَ مِنْهَا مَاءً عَذْباً زُلَالاً،فَعَرَضَ عَلَيْهَا وَلَايَتَنَا أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ فَقَبِلَتْهَا،فَأَجْرَى ذَلِكَ الْمَاءَ عَلَيْهَا سَبْعَةَ أَيَّامٍ فَطَبَّقَهَا [2] وَعَمَّهَا،ثُمَّ نَضَبَ ذَلِكَ الْمَاءُ عَنْهَا،فَأَخَذَ مِنْ صَفْوَةِ ذَلِكَ الطِّينِ طِيناً،فَجَعَلَهُ طِينَ الْأَئِمَّةِ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)،ثُمَّ أَخَذَ ثُفْلَ [3] ذَلِكَ الطِّينِ،فَخَلَقَ مِنْهُ شِيعَتَنَا،وَلَوْ تَرَكَ طِينَتَكُمْ-يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ-عَلَى حَالِهَا كَمَا تَرَكَ طِينَتَنَا،لَكُنْتُمْ وَنَحْنُ شَيْئاً وَاحِداً». قُلْتُ:يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ،فَمَا فَعَلَ بِطِينَتِنَا؟ قَالَ:«أُخْبِرُكَ-يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ-خَلَقَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ أَرْضاً سَبِخَةً خَبِيثَةً مُنْتِنَةً،ثُمَّ فَجَّرَ مِنْهَا مَاءً أُجَاجاً آسِناً [4] مَالِحاً،فَعَرَضَ عَلَيْهَا وَلَايَتَنَا أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ،فَلَمْ تَقْبَلْهَا،فَأَجْرَى ذَلِكَ الْمَاءَ عَلَيْهَا سَبْعَةَ أَيَّامٍ حَتَّى طَبَّقَهَا وَعَمَّهَا، ثُمَّ نَضَبَ ذَلِكَ الْمَاءُ عَنْهَا،ثُمَّ أَخَذَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الطِّينِ،فَخَلَقَ مِنْهُ الطُّغَاةَ وَأَئِمَّتَهُمْ،ثُمَّ مَزَجَهُ بِثُفْلِ طِينَتِكُمْ،وَلَوْ تَرَكَ طِينَتَهُمْ عَلَى حَالِهَا وَلَمْ يَمْزُجْ بِطِينَتِكُمْ لَمْ يَشْهَدُوا الشَّهَادَتَيْنِ،وَلَا صَلَّوْا وَلَا صَامُوا وَلَا زَكَّوْا وَلَا حَجُّوا وَلَا أَدَّوْا أَمَانَةً،وَلَا أَشْبَهُوكُمْ فِي الصُّوَرِ،وَلَيْسَ شَيْءٌ أَشَدَّ [1] عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِ مِنْ أَنْ يَرَى صُورَةَ عَدُوِّهِ مِثْلَ صُورَتِهِ». قُلْتُ:يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ،فَمَا صَنَعَ بِالطِّينَتَيْنِ؟ قَالَ:«مَزَجَ بَيْنَهُمَا بِالْمَاءِ الْأَوَّلِ وَالْمَاءِ الثَّانِي،ثُمَّ عَرَكَهَا عَرْكَ الْأَدِيمِ،ثُمَّ أَخَذَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ قَبْضَةً،فَقَالَ:هَذِهِ إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ وَلَا أُبَالِي؛وَأَخَذَ قَبْضَةً أُخْرَى،وَقَالَ:هَذِهِ إِلَى النَّارِ وَلَا أُبَالِي؛ثُمَّ خَلَطَ بَيْنَهُمَا،فَوَقَعَ مِنْ سِنْخِ الْمُؤْمِنِ وَطِينَتِهِ عَلَى سِنْخِ الْكَافِرِ وَطِينَتِهِ،وَوَقَعَ مِنْ سِنْخِ الْكَافِرِ وَطِينَتِهِ عَلَى سِنْخِ الْمُؤْمِنِ وَطِينَتِهِ.فَمَا رَأَيْتَهُ مِنْ شِيعَتِنَا مِنْ زِنًا أَوْ لِوَاطٍ أَوْ تَرْكِ صَلَاةٍ أَوْ صِيَامٍ أَوْ حَجٍّ أَوْ جِهَادٍ،أَوْ جِنَايَةٍ [2]،أَوْ كَبِيرَةٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْكَبَائِرِ،فَهُوَ مِنْ طِينَةِ النَّاصِبِ وَعُنْصُرِهِ الَّذِي قَدْ مُزِجَ فِيهِ،لِأَنَّ مِنْ سِنْخِ النَّاصِبِ وَعُنْصُرِهِ وَطِينَتِهِ اكْتِسَابُ الْمَآثِمِ وَالْفَوَاحِشِ وَالْكَبَائِرِ،وَمَا رَأَيْتَ مِنَ النَّاصِبِ،وَمُوَاظَبَتِهِ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ وَالصِّيَامِ وَالزَّكَاةِ وَالْحَجِّ وَالْجِهَادِ وَأَبْوَابِ الْبِرِّ،فَهُوَ مِنْ طِينَةِ الْمُؤْمِنِ وَسِنْخِهِ الَّذِي قَدْ مُزِجَ فِيهِ،لِأَنَّ مِنْ سِنْخِ الْمُؤْمِنِ وَعُنْصُرِهِ وَطِينَتِهِ اكْتِسَابَ الْحَسَنَاتِ وَاسْتِعْمَالَ الْخَيْرِ وَاجْتِنَابَ الْمَآثِمِ. فَإِذَا عُرِضَتْ هَذِهِ الْأَعْمَالُ كُلُّهَا عَلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ،قَالَ:أَنَا عَدْلٌ لَا أَجُورُ،وَمُنْصِفٌ لَا أَظْلِمُ،وَحَكَمٌ لَا أَحِيفُ وَلَا أَمِيلُ وَلَا أَشْطُطُ،أَلْحِقُوا الْأَعْمَالَ السَّيِّئَةَ الَّتِي اجْتَرَحَهَا الْمُؤْمِنُ بِسِنْخِ النَّاصِبِ وَطِينَتِهِ،وَأَلْحِقُوا الْأَعْمَالَ الْحَسَنَةَ الَّتِي اكْتَسَبَهَا النَّاصِبُ بِسِنْخِ الْمُؤْمِنِ وَطِينَتِهِ،رُدُّوهَا كُلَّهَا إِلَى أَصْلِهَا،فَإِنِّي أَنَا اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنَا عَالِمُ السِّرِّ وَأَخْفَى،وَأَنَا الْمُطَّلِعُ عَلَى قُلُوبِ عِبَادِي،لَا أَحِيفُ وَلَا أَظْلِمُ،وَلَا أُلْزِمُ أَحَداً إِلَّا بِمَا عَرَفْتُهُ مِنْهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ أَخْلُقَهُ». ثُمَّ قَالَ الْبَاقِرُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ،اقْرَأْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ»قُلْتُ:يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ،أَيَّةَ آيَةٍ؟قَالَ:«قَوْلَهُ تَعَالَى: قَالَ مَعَاذَ اللّٰهِ أَنْ نَأْخُذَ إِلَّا مَنْ وَجَدْنَا مَتَاعَنَا عِنْدَهُ إِنَّا إِذًا لَظَالِمُونَ [3] هُوَ فِي الظَّاهِرِ مَا تَفْهَمُونَهُ،وَهُوَ-وَاللَّهِ-فِي الْبَاطِنِ هَذَا بِعَيْنِهِ. يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ،إِنَّ لِلْقُرْآنِ ظَاهِراً وَبَاطِناً،وَمُحْكَماً وَمُتَشَابِهاً،وَنَاسِخاً وَمَنْسُوخاً». ثُمَّ قَالَ:«أَخْبِرْنِي-يَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ-عَنِ الشَّمْسِ إِذَا طَلَعَتْ،وَبَدَأَ شُعَاعُهَا فِي الْبُلْدَانِ،أَهُوَ بَائِنٌ مِنَ الْقُرْصِ؟» قُلْتُ:فِي حَالِ طُلُوعِهِ بَائِنٌ.قَالَ:«أَلَيْسَ إِذَا غَابَتِ الشَّمْسُ اتَّصَلَ ذَلِكَ الشُّعَاعُ بِالْقُرْصِ حَتَّى يَعُودَ إِلَيْهِ؟»قُلْتُ:نَعَمْ. قَالَ:«كَذَلِكَ يَعُودُ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ إِلَى سِنْخِهِ وَجَوْهَرِهِ وَأَصْلِهِ،فَإِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ،نَزَعَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ سِنْخَ النَّاصِبِ وَطِينَتَهُ مَعَ أَثْقَالِهِ وَأَوْزَارِهِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِ،فَيُلْحِقُهَا كُلَّهَا بِالنَّاصِبِ،وَيَنْزِعُ سِنْخَ الْمُؤْمِنِ وَطِينَتَهُ مَعَ حَسَنَاتِهِ وَأَبْوَابِ بِرِّهِ وَاجْتِهَادِهِ مِنَ النَّاصِبِ،فَيُلْحِقُهَا كُلَّهَا بِالْمُؤْمِنِ،أَفَتَرَى هَاهُنَا ظُلْماً أَوْ عُدْوَاناً؟»قُلْتُ:لَا،يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ. قَالَ:«هَذَا-وَاللَّهِ-الْقَضَاءُ الْفَاصِلُ،وَالْحُكْمُ الْقَاطِعُ،وَالْعَدْلُ الْبَيِّنُ،لَا يُسْأَلُ عَمَّا يَفْعَلُ وَهُمْ يُسْأَلُونَ،هَذَا-يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ-الْحَقُّ مِنْ رَبِّكَ،فَلَا تَكُنْ مِنَ الْمُمْتَرِينَ،وَهَذَا مِنْ حُكْمِ الْمَلَكُوتِ». قُلْتُ:يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ،وَمَا حُكْمُ الْمَلَكُوتِ؟ قَالَ:«حُكْمُ اللَّهِ وَحُكْمُ أَنْبِيَائِهِ،وَقِصَّةُ الْخَضِرِ وَمُوسَى(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)حِينَ اسْتَصْحَبَهُ،فَقَالَ: إِنَّكَ لَنْ تَسْتَطِيعَ مَعِيَ صَبْراً* وَكَيْفَ تَصْبِرُ عَلَىٰ مَا لَمْ تُحِطْ بِهِ خُبْراً [1] افْهَمْ-يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ-وَاعْقِلْ،أَنْكَرَ مُوسَى عَلَى الْخَضِرِ،وَاسْتَفْظَعَ أَفْعَالَهُ حَتَّى قَالَ لَهُ الْخَضِرُ:يَا مُوسَى،مَا فَعَلْتُهُ عَنْ أَمْرِي،إِنَّمَا فَعَلْتُهُ عَنْ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ.مِنْ هَذَا-وَيْحَكَ يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ-قُرْآنٌ يُتْلَى،وَأَخْبَارٌ تُؤْثَرُ عَنِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ،مَنْ رَدَّ مِنْهَا حَرْفاً فَقَدْ كَفَرَ وَأَشْرَكَ،وَرَدَّ عَلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ». قَالَ اللَّيْثِيُّ:فَكَأَنِّي لَمْ أَعْقِلِ الْآيَاتِ وَأَنَا أَقْرَأُهَا أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً إِلَّا ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ،فَقُلْتُ:يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ،مَا أَعْجَبَ هَذَا،تُؤْخَذُ حَسَنَاتُ أَعْدَائِكُمْ فَتُرَدُّ عَلَى شِيعَتِكُمْ،وَتُؤْخَذُ سَيِّئَاتُ مُحِبِّيكُمْ فَتُرَدُّ عَلَى مُبْغِضِيكُمْ؟ قَالَ:«إِي وَاللَّهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ،فَالِقِ الْحَبَّةِ وَبَارِئِ النَّسَمَةِ وَفَاطِرِ الْأَرْضِ وَالسَّمَاءِ،مَا أَخْبَرْتُكَ إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ،وَمَا أَنْبَأْتُكَ إِلَّا الصِّدْقَ،وَمَا ظَلَمَهُمُ اللَّهُ،وَمَا اللَّهُ بِظَلَّامٍ لِلْعَبِيدِ،وَإِنَّ مَا أَخْبَرْتُكَ لَمَوْجُودٌ فِي الْقُرْآنِ كُلِّهِ». قُلْتُ:هَذَا بِعَيْنِهِ يُوجَدُ فِي الْقُرْآنِ؟ قَالَ:«نَعَمْ،يُوجَدُ فِي أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ثَلَاثِينَ مَوْضِعاً فِي الْقُرْآنِ،أَتُحِبُّ أَنْ أَقْرَأَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْكَ؟»قُلْتُ:بَلَى،يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ. فَقَالَ:«قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّبِعُوا سَبِيلَنَا وَلْنَحْمِلْ خَطَايَاكُمْ وَمَا هُمْ بِحَامِلِينَ مِنْ خَطَايَاهُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ إِنَّهُمْ لَكَاذِبُونَ. وَلَيَحْمِلُنَّ أَثْقَالَهُمْ وَأَثْقَالاً مَعَ أَثْقَالِهِمْ [2] الآيَةَ. أَزِيدُكَ،يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ؟» قُلْتُ:بَلَى،يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ. قَالَ:« لِيَحْمِلُوا أَوْزَارَهُمْ كَامِلَةً يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَمِنْ أَوْزَارِ الَّذِينَ يُضِلُّونَهُمْ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ أَلَا سَاءَ مَا يَزِرُونَ أَتُحِبُّ أَنْ أَزِيدَكَ؟»قُلْتُ:بَلَى،يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ. قَالَ:« فَأُولٰئِكَ يُبَدِّلُ اللّٰهُ سَيِّئَاتِهِمْ حَسَنَاتٍ وَكَانَ اللّٰهُ غَفُوراً رَحِيماً [3] يُبَدِّلُ اللَّهُ سَيِّئَاتِ شِيعَتِنَا حَسَنَاتٍ،وَيُبَدِّلُ اللَّهُ حَسَنَاتِ أَعْدَائِنَا سَيِّئَاتٍ،وَجَلَالِ اللَّهِ وَوَجْهِ اللَّهِ [4] إِنَّ هَذَا لَمِنْ عَدْلِهِ وَإِنْصَافِهِ،لَا رَادَّ لِقَضَائِهِ،وَلَا مُعَقِّبَ لِحُكْمِهِ،وَهُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ،أَلَمْ أُبَيِّنْ لَكَ أَمْرَ الْمِزَاجِ وَالطِّينَتَيْنِ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ؟»قُلْتُ:بَلَى،يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ. قَالَ:«اقْرَأْ-إِبْرَاهِيمُ- اَلَّذِينَ يَجْتَنِبُونَ كَبَائِرَ الْإِثْمِ وَالْفَوَاحِشَ إِلَّا اللَّمَمَ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ وَاسِعُ الْمَغْفِرَةِ هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِكُمْ إِذْ أَنْشَأَكُمْ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ [5] يَعْنِي مِنَ الْأَرْضِ الطَّيِّبَةِ،وَالْأَرْضِ الْمُنْتِنَةِ فَلَا تُزَكُّوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَنِ اتَّقَى [6] يَقُولُ:لَا يَفْتَخِرُ أَحَدُكُمْ بِكَثْرَةِ صَلَاتِهِ وَصِيَامِهِ وَزَكَاتِهِ وَنُسُكِهِ،لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَعْلَمُ بِمَنْ اتَّقَى مِنْكُمْ،فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ مِنْ قِبَلِ اللَّمَمِ،وَهُوَ الْمِزَاجُ،أَزِيدُكَ يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ؟» قُلْتُ:بَلَى،يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ قَالَ:« كَمَا بَدَأَكُمْ تَعُودُونَ. فَرِيقاً هَدَى وَفَرِيقاً حَقَّ عَلَيْهِمُ الضَّلَالَةُ إِنَّهُمُ اتَّخَذُوا الشَّيَاطِينَ أَوْلِيَاءَ مِنْ دُونِ اللّٰهِ [7] يَعْنِي أَئِمَّةَ الْجَوْرِ،دُونَ أَئِمَّةِ الْحَقِّ،وَيَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّهُمْ مُهْتَدُونَ،خُذْهَا إِلَيْكَ-يَا أَبَا إِسْحَاقَ-فَوَاللَّهِ إِنَّهُ لَمِنْ غُرَرِ أَحَادِيثِنَا،وَبَوَاطِنِ سَرَائِرِنَا،وَمَكْنُونِ خَزَائِنِنَا،انْصَرِفْ وَلَا تُطْلِعْ عَلَى سِرِّنَا أَحَداً إِلَّا مُؤْمِناً مُسْتَبْصِراً،فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ أَذَعْتَ سِرَّنَا بُلِيتَ فِي نَفْسِكَ وَمَالِكَ وَأَهْلِكَ وَوُلْدِكَ».

Ibn Babawayh said: My father (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated to us, who said: Sa‘d b. ‘Abdullah, from Muhammad b. Ahmad, from Ahmad b. Muhammad al-Sayyari, who said: Muhammad b. ‘Abdillah b. Mihran al-Kufi narrated to us, who said: Hanan b. Sadir, from his father, from Abu Ishaq al-Laythi, who said: I said to Abu Ja‘far Muhammad b. ‘Ali al-Baqir (peace be upon him): O son of the Messenger of Allah, tell me, does the insightful believer, when he reaches knowledge and becomes complete, commit fornication? He said: O Allah, no. I said: Commit sodomy? He said: O Allah, no. I said: Steal? He said: No. I said: Drink wine? He said: No. I said: Commit one of these major sins or indecencies? He said: No. I said: Then does he commit a sin? He said: Yes; he is a believing sinner who lapses. I said: What is the meaning of “one who lapses” (mulimm)? He said: One who lapses into sin but does not persist in it nor make it his habit. I said: Glory be to Allah! How wondrous this is—he neither fornicates, nor commits sodomy, nor steals, nor drinks wine, nor commits a major sin or an indecency! He said: Do not be amazed at Allah’s affair. Surely Allah, Mighty and Majestic, does what He wills, and He is not questioned about what He does while they shall be questioned. So what do you marvel at, O Ibrahim? Ask, and do not disdain nor be shy, for this knowledge is not learned by one who is arrogant or one who is overly shy. I said: O son of the Messenger of Allah, I find among your Shi‘ah those who drink wine, cut off the road, terrify the wayfarer, commit fornication and sodomy, consume usury, commit indecencies, are negligent with prayer, fasting, and zakat, cut ties of kinship, and commit major sins. How is this, and why is that? He said: O Ibrahim, does anything else stir in your breast besides this? I said: Yes, O son of the Messenger of Allah—another, greater than that. He said: And what is it, O Abu Ishaq? He said: I said: O son of the Messenger of Allah, I also find among your enemies, those who harbor enmity against you, some who pray and fast much, pay the zakat, frequently perform hajj and ‘umrah, are keen on jihad, devote themselves [2] to piety and maintaining kinship ties, fulfill the rights of their brethren, assist them with their wealth, and avoid drinking wine, fornication, sodomy, and other indecencies. From what is that, and why is that? Explain it, prove it, and clarify it for me, O son of the Messenger of Allah, for by Allah, my thinking has become much, my nights sleepless, and my capacity straitened. He said: Al-Baqir (blessings of Allah be upon him) smiled and said: O Ibrahim, take a healing explanation regarding what you asked, and knowledge hidden from the treasures of Allah’s knowledge and His secret. Tell me, O Ibrahim—how do you find the convictions of the two groups? I said: O son of the Messenger of Allah, I find your lovers and your Shi‘ah, despite what I described of their actions, that if one of them were given all that is between the East and the West in gold and silver to turn away from your wilayah and love to the wilayah and love of others, he would not turn away. And if his nostrils were struck with swords for your sake, and if he were killed for your sake, he would not desist nor return from your love and wilayah. And I see the nāsibi as I described of their actions, that if one of them were given what is between East and West in gold and silver to turn from the love of the tyrants and their allegiance to allegiance to you, he would not do it nor turn; and if his nostrils were struck with swords for their sake, or he were killed for their sake, he would not desist nor return. And if one of them hears a virtue of yours, he shudders at it and his color changes and dislike of that is seen in his face—out of hatred of you and love for them. He said: Al-Baqir (peace be upon him) smiled, then said: O Ibrahim, here the toiling enemies perish—burned in a blazing fire, given to drink from a boiling spring—and for that Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: And We will proceed to what they have done of deeds, so We shall render them as scattered floating dust [1]. Woe to you, O Ibrahim, do you know the reason and the story in that, and what has been hidden from the people regarding it? I said: O son of the Messenger of Allah, then clarify, explain, and prove it to me. He said: O Ibrahim, surely Allah, Blessed and Exalted, has ever been All-Knowing, Pre-Eternal. He created things not from anything. Whoever claims that Allah created things from something has disbelieved; for if that thing from which He created things were pre-eternal with Him in His eternity and identity, that thing would be pre-eternal. Rather, Allah created all things not from anything. Among what Allah created was a goodly earth; then He made to gush forth from it sweet, pure water. He presented to it our wilayah—the People of the House—and it accepted it. So He ran that water over it for seven days until it covered [2] and encompassed it. Then that water receded from it. He took from the finest of that clay, clay, and made it the clay of the Imams (peace be upon them). Then He took the dregs [3] of that clay and created from it our Shi‘ah. And had He left your clay—O Ibrahim—in its state as He left our clay, you and we would have been one thing. I said: O son of the Messenger of Allah, then what did He do with our clay? He said: I inform you, O Ibrahim: After that, Allah created a saline, foul, putrid earth; then He made to gush forth from it brackish, stagnant [4], salty water. He presented to it our wilayah—the People of the House—but it did not accept it. So He ran that water over it for seven days until it covered and encompassed it. Then that water receded from it. He then took from that clay and created from it the tyrants and their leaders, then mixed it with the dregs of your clay. Had He left their clay as it was and not mixed it with your clay, they would not have borne witness to the two testimonies, nor prayed, fasted, paid zakat, performed hajj, or fulfilled a trust, nor would they have resembled you in form—and nothing is harder [1] upon the believer than to see the image of his enemy like his own. I said: O son of the Messenger of Allah, then what did He do with the two clays? He said: He mixed them both with the first water and the second water, then kneaded them like leather. Then He took a handful and said: This one is for the Garden, and I do not mind; and He took another handful and said: This one is for the Fire, and I do not mind. Then He mixed them both, so that from the stock (sikhkh) and clay of the believer fell upon the stock and clay of the unbeliever, and from the stock and clay of the unbeliever fell upon the stock and clay of the believer. So whatever you see from our Shi‘ah—of fornication, sodomy, abandoning prayer, fasting, hajj, or jihad, or a crime [2], or a major of these major sins—that is from the clay of the nāsibi and his element that was mixed in him; for from the stock, element, and clay of the nāsibi is the acquisition of offenses, indecencies, and major sins. And whatever you see from the nāsibi—his perseverance in prayer, fasting, zakat, hajj, jihad, and acts of piety—that is from the clay and stock of the believer that was mixed in him; for from the stock, element, and clay of the believer is the acquisition of good deeds, practicing good, and avoiding offenses. When all these deeds are presented to Allah, Mighty and Majestic, He says: I am Just; I do not wrong. I am fair; I do not oppress. I am Judge; I do not incline, nor deviate, nor exceed bounds. Attach the evil deeds which the believer committed to the stock and clay of the nāsibi; and attach the good deeds which the nāsibi acquired to the stock and clay of the believer. Return them all to their source; for I am Allah—there is no god but I—Knower of the secret and what is most hidden. I am the One acquainted with the hearts of My servants. I do not deviate nor wrong, and I do not obligate anyone except according to what I knew of him before I created him. Then al-Baqir (peace be upon him) said: O Ibrahim, recite this verse. I said: O son of the Messenger of Allah, which verse? He said: His saying, Exalted is He: He said: Allah forbid that we should take anyone except him with whom we found our property; surely we should then be unjust [3]. Its outward is what you understand, and by Allah, its inward is this very matter. O Ibrahim, the Qur’an has an outward and an inward, an explicit and an allegorical, an abrogating and an abrogated. Then he said: Tell me, O Ibrahim, about the sun when it rises and its rays begin in the lands—is it separate from the disc? I said: At the moment of rising, it is separate. He said: Is it not that when the sun sets, that ray connects back to the disc until it returns to it? I said: Yes. He said: Thus everything returns to its stock, essence, and origin. So when it is the Day of Resurrection, Allah will remove the stock and clay of the nāsibi, along with his burdens and weights, from the believer and attach them all to the nāsibi; and He will remove the stock and clay of the believer, along with his good deeds, acts of piety, and striving, from the nāsibi and attach them all to the believer. Do you see any injustice or aggression here? I said: No, O son of the Messenger of Allah. He said: This—by Allah—is the decisive decree, the conclusive judgment, and the manifest justice. He is not questioned about what He does, and they shall be questioned. This, O Ibrahim, is the truth from your Lord, so do not be of the doubters; and this is from the rule of the Kingdom (al-malakūt). I said: O son of the Messenger of Allah, and what is the rule of the Kingdom? He said: The rule of Allah and the rule of His prophets—and the story of al-Khidr and Musa (peace be upon them) when he accompanied him, as He said: You will not be able to have patience with me. And how can you have patience in that of which you have not got a comprehensive knowledge? [1] Understand, O Ibrahim, and comprehend. Musa objected to al-Khidr and found his acts monstrous, until al-Khidr said to him: O Musa, I did it not of my own accord; I did it only by Allah’s command. This—woe to you, O Ibrahim—is Qur’an that is recited, and reports transmitted from Allah, Mighty and Majestic. Whoever rejects a letter of it has disbelieved and associated partners and has rejected Allah, Mighty and Majestic. Al-Laythi said: It was as if I had not understood the verses, though I had been reciting them for forty years, except on that day. I said: O son of the Messenger of Allah, how wondrous this is! The good deeds of your enemies are taken and returned to your Shi‘ah, and the evil deeds of your lovers are taken and returned to your haters? He said: Yes, by Allah—besides whom there is no god—the Splitter of the seed, the Creator of the soul, the Originator of the earth and the heaven, I have told you only the truth and informed you only of veracity. Allah did not wrong them; and Allah is not in the least unjust to the servants. What I have told you is found in the entire Qur’an. I said: Is this very matter found in the Qur’an? He said: Yes—found in more than thirty places in the Qur’an. Do you wish that I recite that to you? I said: Yes, O son of the Messenger of Allah. He said: Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: And those who disbelieve say to those who believe: Follow our path and we will bear your faults. Never shall they bear aught of their faults; surely they are liars. And they shall certainly bear their own burdens and other burdens along with their own burdens [2]. Shall I increase you, O Ibrahim? I said: Yes, O son of the Messenger of Allah. He said: That they may bear their burdens entirely on the day of resurrection, and also of the burdens of those whom they lead astray without knowledge; lo! evil is what they bear. Do you wish that I increase you? I said: Yes, O son of the Messenger of Allah. He said: So these—Allah changes their evil deeds to good ones, and Allah is Forgiving, Merciful [3]. Allah changes the evil deeds of our Shi‘ah into good deeds, and Allah changes the good deeds of our enemies into evil deeds. By the Majesty of Allah and the Face of Allah [4], this is of His justice and fairness. There is no repeller of His decree and no reviser of His judgment, and He is the Hearing, the Knowing. Have I not made clear to you the matter of the mixture and the two clays from the Qur’an? I said: Yes, O son of the Messenger of Allah. He said: Recite, O Ibrahim: Those who avoid the great sins and indecencies but the small faults; surely your Lord is amply forgiving; He knows you best when He brings you forth from the earth [5]—meaning from the goodly earth and the foul earth—so do not attribute purity to yourselves; He knows best who guards against evil [6]. He says: Let none of you boast of his abundance of prayer, fasting, zakat, or devotion, for Allah, Mighty and Majestic, knows best who among you is Godwary; for that is on account of the “small faults,” and that is the mixture. Shall I increase you, O Ibrahim? I said: Yes, O son of the Messenger of Allah. He said: As He originated you, so shall you return—A party He has guided, and a party against whom error is due; surely they took the devils for guardians rather than Allah [7]—meaning the imams of injustice rather than the imams of truth—while they think they are guided. Take this to yourself, O Abu Ishaq, for by Allah it is among the choicest of our hadiths, the innermost of our secrets, and the hidden things from our treasuries. Depart, and do not disclose our secret to anyone except a believing man endowed with insight; for if you divulge our secret, you will be afflicted in yourself, your wealth, your family, and your children.

[Quran references within the narration with translation]

- وَقَدِمْنَا إِلَىٰ مَا عَمِلُوا مِنْ عَمَلٍ فَجَعَلْنَاهُ هَبَاءً مَنْثُوراً [الفرقان 25:23]

And We will proceed to what they have done of deeds, so We shall render them as scattered floating dust. (M. H. Shakir)

- قَالَ مَعَاذَ اللّٰهِ أَنْ نَأْخُذَ إِلَّا مَنْ وَجَدْنَا مَتَاعَنَا عِنْدَهُ إِنَّا إِذًا لَظَالِمُونَ [يوسف 12:79]

He said: Allah forbid that we should take anyone except him with whom we found our property, for then most surely we would be unjust. (M. H. Shakir)

- إِنَّكَ لَنْ تَسْتَطِيعَ مَعِيَ صَبْراً. وَكَيْفَ تَصْبِرُ عَلَىٰ مَا لَمْ تُحِطْ بِهِ خُبْراً [الكهف 18:67-68]

He said: Surely you cannot have patience with me. And how can you have patience in that of which you have not got a comprehensive knowledge? (M. H. Shakir)

- وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّبِعُوا سَبِيلَنَا وَلْنَحْمِلْ خَطَايَاكُمْ وَمَا هُمْ بِحَامِلِينَ مِنْ خَطَايَاهُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ إِنَّهُمْ لَكَاذِبُونَ. وَلَيَحْمِلُنَّ أَثْقَالَهُمْ وَأَثْقَالاً مَعَ أَثْقَالِهِمْ [العنكبوت 29:12-13]

And those who disbelieve say to those who believe: Follow our path and we will bear your faults. Never shall they bear aught of their faults; most surely they are liars. And most certainly they shall carry their own burdens, and other burdens along with their own burdens. (M. H. Shakir)

- فَأُولٰئِكَ يُبَدِّلُ اللّٰهُ سَيِّئَاتِهِمْ حَسَنَاتٍ وَكَانَ اللّٰهُ غَفُوراً رَحِيماً [الفرقان 25:70]

So these—Allah changes their evil deeds to good ones; and Allah is Forgiving, Merciful. (M. H. Shakir)

- اَلَّذِينَ يَجْتَنِبُونَ كَبَائِرَ الْإِثْمِ وَالْفَوَاحِشَ إِلَّا اللَّمَمَ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ وَاسِعُ الْمَغْفِرَةِ. هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِكُمْ إِذْ أَنْشَأَكُمْ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ... فَلَا تُزَكُّوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَنِ اتَّقَى [النجم 53:32]

Those who keep aloof from the great sins and indecencies but the small faults; surely your Lord is liberal in forgiving. He knows you best when He brings you forth from the earth... so do not attribute purity to yourselves; He knows him best who guards (against evil). (M. H. Shakir)

- كَمَا بَدَأَكُمْ تَعُودُونَ. فَرِيقاً هَدَى وَفَرِيقاً حَقَّ عَلَيْهِمُ الضَّلَالَةُ إِنَّهُمُ اتَّخَذُوا الشَّيَاطِينَ أَوْلِيَاءَ مِنْ دُونِ اللّٰهِ وَيَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّهُمْ مُهْتَدُونَ [الأعراف 7:29-30]

As He brought you forth in the beginning, so shall you also return—A part He has guided aright and (as for another) part, error is justly their due; surely they took the devils for guardians besides Allah and they think that they are guided aright. (M. H. Shakir)

_10) - علل الشرائع:81/606. ‘Ilal al-Sharā’i‘ 81/606.

[1] في المصدر: أكبر. fī al-maṣdar: akbar.

[2] الأفاويق: ما اجتمع من الماء... (already above).

[3] [4] as in the text.

قوله تعالى:

قَدْ مَكَرَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ فَأَتَى اللّٰهُ بُنْيَانَهُمْ مِنَ الْقَوَاعِدِ فَخَرَّ عَلَيْهِمُ السَّقْفُ مِنْ فَوْقِهِمْ وَأَتَاهُمُ الْعَذَابُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ [النحل 16:26]

Those before them did indeed make plans, but Allah demolished their building from the foundations, so the roof fell down on them from above them, and the chastisement came to them from whence they did not perceive. (M. H. Shakir)

99-/6006 _1- ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ:بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنِ الرِّضَا(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ آبَائِهِ،عَنْ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: «يَوْمَ الْأَرْبِعَاءِ خَرَّ عَلَيْهِمُ السَّقْفُ مِنْ فَوْقِهِمْ».

Ibn Babawayh, with his chain, from al-Rida (peace be upon him), from his forefathers, from ‘Ali (peace be upon him), said: On a Wednesday the roof fell down on them from above them.

99-/6007 _2- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِهِ: قَدْ مَكَرَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ فَأَتَى اللّٰهُ بُنْيَانَهُمْ مِنَ الْقَوَاعِدِ فَخَرَّ عَلَيْهِمُ السَّقْفُ مِنْ فَوْقِهِمْ وَأَتَاهُمُ الْعَذَابُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ. قَالَ:«بَيْتُ مَكْرِهِمْ،أَيْ مَاتُوا فَأَلْقَاهُمُ اللَّهُ فِي النَّارِ،وَهُوَ مَثَلٌ لِأَعْدَاءِ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ(عَلَيْهِ وَعَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)».

‘Ali b. Ibrahim said: My father narrated to me, from Muhammad b. Abi ‘Umayr, from Abu Ayyub, from Muhammad b. Muslim, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), regarding His saying: Those before them did indeed make plans... He said: The house of their plotting—that is, they died, so Allah cast them into the Fire. It is a parable for the enemies of the Family of Muhammad (peace be upon him and upon them).

99-/6008 _3- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: فَأَتَى اللّٰهُ بُنْيَانَهُمْ مِنَ الْقَوَاعِدِ ،قَالَ:«كَانَ بَيْتَ غَدْرٍ يَجْتَمِعُونَ فِيهِ».

Al-‘Ayyashi: from Muhammad b. Muslim, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), regarding Allah’s saying: So Allah demolished their building from the foundations—he said: It was a house of treachery in which they would gather.

99-/6009 _4- عَنْ أَبِي السَّفَاتِجِ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) أَنَّهُ قَرَأَ «فَأَتَى اللَّهُ بَيْتَهُمْ مِنَ الْقَوَاعِدِ؛يَعْنِي بَيْتَ مَكْرِهِمْ».

From Abu al-Safātij, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), that he read: So Allah came at their house from the foundations—that is, the house of their plotting.

99-/6010 _5- عَنْ كُلَيْبٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: فَأَتَى اللّٰهُ بُنْيَانَهُمْ مِنَ الْقَوَاعِدِ. قَالَ:«لَا،فَأَتَى اللَّهُ بَيْتَهُمْ مِنَ الْقَوَاعِدِ؛وَإِنَّمَا كَانَ بَيْتاً».

From Kulayb, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him): I asked him about Allah’s saying: So Allah demolished their building from the foundations. He said: No—So Allah demolished their house from the foundations; it was a house.

99-/6011 _6- عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ الصَّيْقَلِ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ:سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: « قَدْ مَكَرَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ وَ لَمْ يَعْلَمِ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا فَأَتَى اللّٰهُ بُنْيَانَهُمْ مِنَ الْقَوَاعِدِ فَخَرَّ عَلَيْهِمُ السَّقْفُ »قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كُلَيْبٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،قَالَ:قَالَ:«إِنَّمَا كَانَ بَيْتاً» [2].

From al-Hasan b. Ziyad al-Sayqal, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), who said: I heard him say: Those before them did indeed make plans—and the believers did not know—so Allah demolished their building from the foundations, and the roof fell down on them. Muhammad b. Kulayb, from his father, said: He said: It was only a house. [2]

_1) - الخصال:78/388. al-Khiṣāl 78/388.

_2) - تفسير القمّيّ 1:384. Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:384.

_3) - تفسير العيّاشي 2:19/258. Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:19/258.

_4) - تفسير العيّاشي 2:20/258. Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:20/258.

_5) - تفسير العيّاشي 2:21/258. Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:21/258.

_6) - تفسير العيّاشي 2:22/258. Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:22/258.

[1] في «ط»: و أبقاهم. قال المجلسي(رضوان اللّه عليه): قوله: بيت مكرهم، أي المراد بالبنيان بيت مكرهم الذي بنوه مجازاً. قال في مجمع البيان: قيل: مثل ضربه اللّه لاستيصالهم، والمعنى: فأتى اللّه مكرهم من أصله، أي عاد ضرر المكر إليهم.«بحار الأنوار 8(الطبعة الحجرية):365». fī “Ṭ”: wa abqāhum. Qāla al-Majlisī (riḍwān Allāh ‘alayh): qawluhu: bayt makrihim—ay al-murād bi-l-bunyān bayt makrihim alladhī banawhu majāzan... “Biḥār al-Anwār 8 (stone ed.): 365”.

[2] في المصدر: قال: أتى بيتا. fī al-maṣdar: qāla: atā baytan.