S 2 A 44

بقرة آيه 44

99-/447 _4- عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ،عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ صَدَقَةِ الْفِطْرَةِ،أَ وَاجِبَةٌ هِيَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الزَّكَاةِ؟فَقَالَ:«هِيَ مِمَّا قَالَ اللَّهُ: وَ أَقِيمُوا الصَّلاٰةَ وَ آتُوا الزَّكٰاةَ هِيَ وَاجِبَةٌ».

99-/447: From Ibrahim b. ‘Abd al-Hamid, from Abu al‑Hasan (peace be upon him). He said: I asked him about the charity of al‑Fitrah; is it obligatory like Zakat? He said: It is among what Allah said: “And keep up prayer and pay the poor-rate.” It is obligatory.

99-/448 _5- عَنْ زُرَارَةَ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)-وَ لَيْسَ عِنْدَهُ غَيْرُ ابْنِهِ جَعْفَرٍ-عَنْ زَكَاةِ الْفِطْرَةِ؟فَقَالَ: «يُؤَدِّي الرَّجُلُ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ وَ عِيَالِهِ،وَ عَنْ رَقِيقِهِ الذَّكَرِ مِنْهُمْ وَ الْأُنْثَى،وَ الصَّغِيرِ مِنْهُمْ وَ الْكَبِيرِ،صَاعاً مِنْ تَمْرٍ عَنْ كُلِّ إِنْسَانٍ،أَوْ نِصْفَ صَاعٍ مِنْ حِنْطَةٍ،وَ هِيَ الزَّكَاةُ الَّتِي فَرَضَهَا اللَّهُ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مَعَ الصَّلاَةِ،عَلَى الْغَنِيِّ وَ الْفَقِيرِ مِنْهُمْ، وَ هُمْ جُلُّ النَّاسِ،وَ أَصْحَابُ الْأَمْوَالِ أَجَلُّ النَّاسِ». قَالَ:وَ قُلْتُ:عَلَى الْفَقِيرِ الَّذِي يُتَصَدَّقُ عَلَيْهِ [1]؟قَالَ:«نَعَمْ،يُعْطِي مَا يَتَصَدَّقُ بِهِ عَلَيْهِ».

99-/448: From Zurārah. He said: I asked Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him)—and none was with him except his son Ja‘far—about the Zakat of al‑Fitrah. He said: A man pays it on behalf of himself, his dependents, and his slaves—male and female, young and old—one sa‘ of dates for each person, or half a sa‘ of wheat. It is the alms which Allah has made obligatory upon the believers along with prayer, upon both their rich and their poor—who are the majority of people—while the possessors of wealth are the most eminent of people. He said: I asked: Even upon the poor person who receives charity? He said: Yes; he gives from what has been given to him in charity.

99-/449 _6- عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «نَزَلَتِ الزَّكَاةُ وَ لَيْسَ لِلنَّاسِ الْأَمْوَالُ،وَ إِنَّمَا كَانَتِ الْفِطْرَةُ».

99-/449: From Hisham b. al‑Hakam, from Abu ‘Abd Allah (peace be upon him). He said: Zakat was revealed when people did not have wealth; it was only the Fitrah.

99-/450 _7- عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ مُكْرَمٍ الْجَمَّالِ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «أَعْطِ الْفِطْرَةَ قَبْلَ الصَّلاَةِ،وَ هُوَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ وَ أَقِيمُوا الصَّلاٰةَ وَ آتُوا الزَّكٰاةَ وَ الَّذِي يَأْخُذُ الْفِطْرَةَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُؤَدِّيَ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ وَ عَنْ عِيَالِهِ،وَ إِنْ لَمْ يُعْطِهَا حَتَّى يَنْصَرِفَ مِنْ صَلاَتِهِ فَلاَ تُعَدُّ لَهُ فِطْرَةً».

99-/450: From Sālim b. Mukarram al‑Jammāl, from Abu ‘Abd Allah (peace be upon him). He said: Give the Fitrah before the prayer, and that is Allah’s saying: “And keep up prayer and pay the poor-rate.” Whoever collects the Fitrah must pay it on behalf of himself and his dependents; and if he does not give it until after he returns from his prayer, it is not counted for him as Fitrah.

99-/451 _8- ابْنُ شَهْرَآشُوبَ:عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ الْمَرْزُبَانِيِّ وَ أَبِي نُعَيْمٍ الْأَصْفَهَانِيِّ فِي كِتَابَيْهِمَا(فِي مَا نَزَلَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ فِي عَلِيٍّ)وَ النَّطَنْزِيِّ فِي(الْخَصَائِصِ)وَ رَوَى أَصْحَابُنَا عَنِ الْبَاقِرِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: وَ ارْكَعُوا مَعَ الرّٰاكِعِينَ «نَزَلَتْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ وَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ،وَ هُمَا أَوَّلُ مَنْ صَلَّى وَ رَكَعَ». وَ رَوَى مُوَفَّقُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ فِي كِتَابِهِ بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ،عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ،الْحَدِيثَ بِعَيْنِهِ [2]. وَ رَوَى أَيْضاً الْحِبَرِيُّ،عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ،الْحَدِيثَ بِعَيْنِهِ. [3]

99-/451: Ibn Shahrāshūb: from Abu ‘Ubaydah al‑Marzubānī and Abu Nu‘aym al‑Isfahānī in their books (regarding what was revealed of the Qur’an about ‘Ali), and from al‑Natanzī in al‑Khasā’is—and our companions have narrated from al‑Baqir (peace be upon him) about His saying, the Exalted: “And bow down with those who bow down,” that it was revealed about the Messenger of Allah and ‘Ali b. Abi Talib; they were the first to pray and to bow. And Muwafaq b. Ahmad narrated in his book, with his chain, from Abu Salih, from Ibn ‘Abbas, the very same report. And al‑Hibri also narrated, from Ibn ‘Abbas, the very same report.

قوله تعالى:

أَ تَأْمُرُونَ النّٰاسَ بِالْبِرِّ وَ تَنْسَوْنَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ وَ أَنْتُمْ تَتْلُونَ الْكِتٰابَ أَ فَلاٰ تَعْقِلُونَ[44]

Qur’an 2:44 (M. H. Shakir):

Do you enjoin men to be good and neglect your own souls while you read the Book; have you then no sense?

_4) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:33/42.

-Tafsir al-‘Ayyāshī 1:33/42.

_5) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:34/42.

-Tafsir al-‘Ayyāshī 1:34/42.

_6) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:35/43.

-Tafsir al-‘Ayyāshī 1:35/43.

_7) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:36/43.

-Tafsir al-‘Ayyāshī 1:36/43.

_8) -المناقب 2:13،النور المشتعل:1/40.

-al-Manāqib 2:13; al‑Nūr al‑Mushta‘il 1:40.

[1] في المصدر:عليهم.

-Fi al‑masdar: ‘alayhim.

[2] مناقب الخوارزمي:198.

-Manāqib al‑Khwarazmī: 198.

[3] تفسير الحبري:5/237.

-Tafsīr al‑Hibrī: 5/237.

99-/452 _1- قَالَ الْإِمَامُ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «قَالَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لِقَوْمٍ مِنْ مَرَدَةِ الْيَهُودِ وَ مُنَافِقِيهِمُ الْمُحْتَجِبِينَ [1]لِأَمْوَالِ الْفُقَرَاءِ،الْمُسْتَأْكِلِينَ [2] لِلْأَغْنِيَاءِ،الَّذِينَ يَأْمُرُونَ بِالْخَيْرِ وَ يَتْرُكُونَهُ،وَ يَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ الشَّرِّ وَ يَرْتَكِبُونَهُ،قَالَ:يَا مَعَاشِرَ الْيَهُودِ، أَ تَأْمُرُونَ النّٰاسَ بِالْبِرِّ بِالصَّدَقَاتِ وَ أَدَاءِ الْأَمَانَاتِ وَ تَنْسَوْنَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ وَ أَنْتُمْ تَتْلُونَ الْكِتٰابَ أَ فَلاٰ تَعْقِلُونَ مَا بِهِ تَأْمُرُونَ وَ أَنْتُمْ تَتْلُونَ الْكِتٰابَ التَّوْرَاةَ الْآمِرَةَ بِالْخَيْرَاتِ وَ النَّاهِيَةَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرَاتِ،المُخْبِرَةَ عَنْ عِقَابِ الْمُتَمَرِّدِينَ،وَ[عَنْ]عَظِيمِ الشَّرَفِ الَّذِي يَتَطَوَّلُ اللَّهُ بِهِ عَلَى الطَّائِعِينَ الْمُجْتَهِدِينَ أَ فَلاٰ تَعْقِلُونَ مَا عَلَيْكُمْ مِنْ عِقَابِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِي أَمْرِكُمْ بِمَا بِهِ لاَ تَأْخُذُونَ،وَ فِي نَهْيِكُمْ عَمَّا أَنْتُمْ فِيهِ مُنْهَمِكُونَ. وَ كَانَ هَؤُلاَءِ قَوْمٌ مِنْ رُؤَسَاءِ الْيَهُودِ وَ عُلَمَائِهِمْ احْتَجَبُوا [3] أَمْوَالَ الصَّدَقَاتِ وَ الْمَبَرَّاتِ فَأَكَلُوهَا وَ اقْتَطَعُوهَا،ثُمَّ حَضَرُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،وَ قَدْ حَشَرُوا [4] عَلَيْهِ عَوَامَّهُمْ،يَقُولُونَ:إِنَّ مُحَمَّداً تَعَدَّى طَوْرَهُ،وَ ادَّعَى مَا لَيْسَ لَهُ. فَجَاءُوا بِأَجْمَعِهِمْ إِلَى حَضْرَتِهِ،وَ قَدِ اعْتَقَدَ عَامَّتُهُمْ أَنْ يَقَعُوا بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ فَيَقْتُلُوهُ،وَ لَوْ أَنَّهُ فِي جَمَاهِيرِ أَصْحَابِهِ،لاَ يُبَالُونَ بِمَا آتَاهُمْ بِهِ الدَّهْرُ،فَلَمَّا حَضَرُوهُ وَ كَثُرُوا وَ كَانُوا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ،قَالَ لَهُمْ رُؤَسَاؤُهُمْ-وَ قَدْ وَاطَئُوا عَوَامَّهُمْ عَلَى أَنَّهُمْ إِذَا أَفْحَمُوا مُحَمَّداً وَضَعُوا عَلَيْهِ سُيُوفَهُمْ،فَقَالَ رُؤَسَاؤُهُمْ-:يَا مُحَمَّدُ،جِئْتَ تَزْعُمُ أَنَّكَ رَسُولُ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ نَظِيرُ مُوسَى وَ سَائِرِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ الْمُتَقَدِّمِينَ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):أَمَّا قَوْلِي:إِنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ فَنَعَمْ،وَ أَمَّا أَنْ أَقُولَ:إِنِّي أَنَا نَظِيرُ مُوسَى وَ سَائِرِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ، فَمَا أَقُولُ هَذَا،وَ مَا كُنْتُ لِأُصَغِّرَ مَا عَظَّمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى مِنْ قَدْرِي،بَلْ قَالَ رَبِّي:يَا مُحَمَّدُ،إِنَّ فَضْلَكَ عَلَى جَمِيعِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ وَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ وَ الْمَلاَئِكَةِ الْمُقَرَّبِينَ كَفَضْلِي-وَ أَنَا رَبُّ الْعِزَّةِ-عَلَى سَائِرِ الْخَلْقِ أَجْمَعِينَ؛وَ كَذَلِكَ مَا قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى لِمُوسَى لَمَّا ظَنَّ أَنَّهُ قَدْ فَضَّلَهُ عَلَى جَمِيعِ الْعَالَمِينَ.فَغَلُظَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْيَهُودِ،وَ هَمُّوا بِقَتْلِهِ،فَذَهَبُوا يَسُلُّونَ سُيُوفَهُمْ فَمَا مِنْهُمْ أَحَدٌ إِلاَّ وَجَدَ يَدَيْهِ إِلَى خَلْفِهِ كَالْمَكْتُوفِ،يَابِساً لاَ يَقْدِرُ أَنْ يُحَرِّكَهُمَا وَ تَحَيَّرُوا. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)-وَ رَأَى مَا بِهِمْ مِنَ الْحَيْرَةِ-:لاَ تَجْزَعُوا،فَخَيْرٌ أَرَادَ اللَّهُ بِكُمْ،مَنَعَكُمْ مِنَ التَّوَثُّبِ [5] عَلَى وَلِيِّهِ،وَ حَبَسَكُمْ عَلَى اسْتِمَاعِ حُجَجِهِ فِي نُبُوَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ وَصِيَّةِ أَخِيهِ عَلِيٍّ. ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):مَعَاشِرَ الْيَهُودِ،هَؤُلاَءِ رُؤَسَاؤُكُمْ كَافِرُونَ،وَ لِأَمْوَالِكُمْ مُحْتَجِبُونَ،وَ لِحُقُوقِكُمْ بَاخِسُونَ،وَ لَكُمْ-فِي قِسْمَةٍ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا اقْتَطَعُوهُ-ظَالِمُونَ،يَخْفَضُونَ فَيَرْفَعُونَ».

99-/452: Imam al‑‘Askari (peace be upon him) said: The Mighty and Majestic said concerning a group of rebellious Jews and their hypocrites who concealed the wealth of the poor and exploited the rich—those who command good but abandon it, and forbid evil yet commit it. He said: O company of Jews! Do you command people to do righteousness—charities and rendering trusts—and forget yourselves, while you recite the Book? Do you then not understand what you command, while you recite the Book—the Torah—which commands good deeds and forbids evil deeds, informing [also] of the punishment of the defiant and of the great honor by which Allah graces the obedient strivers? Do you then not understand what punishment from Allah, Mighty and Majestic, is upon you for commanding what you yourselves do not practice, and for forbidding what you are steeped in? These were a people among the leaders of the Jews and their scholars who appropriated the monies of alms and charitable endowments; they consumed them and seized them. Then they came into the presence of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family), having gathered their common folk against him, saying: Muhammad has overstepped his bounds and claimed what is not his. They all came into his presence, and the masses believed they would assail the Messenger of Allah and kill him—even if he were amid the multitudes of his companions, heedless of whatever fate time would bring them. When they approached him and became numerous and stood before him, their leaders—having colluded with their commoners that if they confuted Muhammad they would set their swords upon him—said: O Muhammad! You have come claiming that you are the Messenger of the Lord of the worlds, the like of Moses and the former prophets? The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) said: As for my statement that I am the Messenger of Allah—yes. But that I would say I am the like of Moses and the rest of the prophets—this I do not say, nor would I belittle what Allah, Exalted, has magnified of my rank. Rather, my Lord said: O Muhammad, your excellence over all the prophets and messengers and the near angels is like My excellence—I am the Lord of Might—over all creation altogether. Likewise did Allah, Exalted, say to Moses when he supposed that he had been favored over all the worlds. This weighed heavily on the Jews, and they intended to kill him; they went to draw their swords, but there was not one among them except that he found his hands thrust behind him as if bound, stiff, unable to move them—and they were confounded. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family), seeing their bewilderment, said: Do not panic; Allah has intended good for you. He has restrained you from leaping upon His friend, and held you back to listen to His proofs regarding the prophethood of Muhammad and the legateeship of his brother ‘Ali. Then the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) said: Company of Jews, these leaders of yours are unbelievers; they hide away your wealth; they diminish your rights; and in allotment—after having seized [what is yours]—they wrong you: they lower and they raise [as they wish].

فَقَالَتْ رُؤَسَاءُ الْيَهُودِ:حَدِّثْ عَنْ مَوْضِعِ الْحُجَّةِ،أَ حُجَّةُ نُبُوَّتِكَ وَ وَصِيَّةِ عَلِيٍّ أَخِيكَ هَذَا،دَعْوَاكَ الْأَبَاطِيلَ وَ إِغْرَاؤُكَ قَوْمَنَا بِنَا؟ [1].

The leaders of the Jews said: Speak to the point of the proof—whether the proof of your prophethood and the legateeship of your brother ‘Ali is this incitement of our people against us with your false claims? [1]

فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):لاَ،وَ لَكِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ قَدْ أَذِنَ لِنَبِيِّهِ أَنْ يَدْعُوَ بِالْأَمْوَالِ الَّتِي تَخْتَانُونَهَا [2] مِنْ هَؤُلاَءِ الضُّعَفَاءِ وَ مَنْ يَلِيهِمْ فَيُحْضِرَهَا هَاهُنَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ،وَ كَذَلِكَ يَدْعُو حِسَابَاتِكُمْ [3] فَيُحْضِرَهَا لَدَيْهِ،ثُمَّ يَدْعُو مَنْ وَاطَأْتُمُوهُ عَلَى اقْتِطَاعِ أَمْوَالِ الضُّعَفَاءِ فَيَنْطِقَ بِاقْتِطَاعِهِمْ جَوَارِحُهُمْ،وَ كَذَلِكَ يَنْطِقُ بِاقْتِطَاعِكُمْ جَوَارِحُكُمْ.

The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) said: No. Rather, Allah, Mighty and Majestic, has permitted His Prophet to summon the very assets you have defrauded [2] from these weak ones and those connected to them, so they will be brought here before him; and likewise to summon your account-books [3] so they are brought before him. Then he will summon those whom you colluded with to seize the property of the weak, and their limbs will speak to their seizure—and likewise your limbs will speak to your seizure.

ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):يَا مَلاَئِكَةَ رَبِّي،أَحْضِرُونِي أَصْنَافَ الْأَمْوَالِ الَّتِي اقْتَطَعَهَا هَؤُلاَءِ الظَّالِمُونَ لِعَوامِّهِمْ؛فَإِذَا الدَّرَاهِمُ فِي الْأَكْيَاسِ،وَ الدَّنَانِيرُ وَ [4] الثِّيَابُ وَ الْحَيَوَانَاتُ وَ أَصْنَافُ الْأَمْوَالِ مُنْحَدِرَةٌ عَلَيْهِمْ سَرْحاً [5]حَتَّى اسْتَقَرَّتْ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ.

Then the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) said: O angels of my Lord! Bring to me the kinds of wealth these wrongdoers have seized from their common folk. Suddenly dirhams in their sacks, dinars, garments, livestock, and all kinds of wealth were pouring down upon them swiftly [5] until they settled before them.

ثُمَّ قَالَ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):آتُوا بِحِسَابَاتِ هَؤُلاَءِ الظَّالِمِينَ الَّذِينَ غَالَطُوا بِهَا هَؤُلاَءِ الْفُقَرَاءُ،فَإِذَا الْأَدْرَاجُ [6] تَنْزِلُ عَلَيْهِمْ،فَلَمَّا اسْتَقَرَّتْ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ،قَالَ:خُذُوهَا؛فَأَخَذُوهَا فَقَرَءُوا فِيهَا:نَصِيبَ كُلِّ قَوْمٍ كَذَا وَ كَذَا.

Then he said (may Allah bless him and his family): Bring the account-books of these wrongdoers with which they deceived these poor people. Then the scrolls [6] began descending upon them. When they settled on the ground, he said: Take them. They took them and read in them: the share of each group is such‑and‑such.

فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):يَا مَلاَئِكَةَ رَبِّي،اكْتُبُوا تَحْتَ اسْمِ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ هَؤُلاَءِ مَا سَرَقُوا مِنْهُ وَ بَيِّنُوهُ؛ فَظَهَرَتْ كِتَابَةٌ بَيِّنَةٌ:لاَ بَلْ نَصِيبُ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ [7] كَذَا وَ كَذَا،فَإِذَا إِنَّهُمْ قَدْ خَانُوهُمْ عَشَرَةَ أَمْثَالِ مَا دَفَعُوا إِلَيْهِمْ.

The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) said: O angels of my Lord, write beneath the name of each one of these [leaders] what they stole from him, and make it clear. Then clear writing appeared: Rather, the share of each individual [7] is such‑and‑such—lo! they had defrauded them of ten times what they had actually given them.

ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):يَا مَلاَئِكَةَ رَبِّي،مَيِّزُوا مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَمْوَالِ الْحَاضِرَةِ كُلَّ مَا فَضَلَ مِمَّا بَيَّنَهُ هَؤُلاَءِ الظَّالِمُونَ،لِتُؤَدَّى إِلَى مُسْتَحِقِّهَا؛فَاضْطَرَبَتْ تِلْكَ الْأَمْوَالُ،وَ جَعَلَتْ تَفْصِلُ بَعْضُهَا مِنْ بَعْضٍ حَتَّى تَمَيَّزَتْ أَجْزَاؤُهَا كَمَا ظَهَرَ فِي الْكِتَابِ الْمَكْتُوبِ،وَ بَيَّنَ أَنَّهُمْ سَرَقُوهُ وَ اقْتَطَعُوهُ،فَدَفَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)إِلَى مَنْ حَضَرَ مِنْ عَوَامِّهِمْ نَصِيبَهُمْ [8]،وَ بَعَثَ إِلَى مَنْ غَابَ فَأَعْطَاهُ،وَ أَعْطَى وَرَثَةَ مَنْ قَدْ مَاتَ،وَ فَضَحَ اللَّهُ الْيَهُودَ وَ الرُّؤَسَاءَ،وَ غَلَبَ الشَّقَاءُ عَلَى بَعْضِهِمْ وَ بَعْضِ الْعَوَامِّ،وَ وَفَّقَ اللَّهُ بَعْضَهُمْ.

Then the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) said: O angels of my Lord, separate out from this wealth now present all that exceeds what these wrongdoers claimed, so that it may be restored to its rightful owners. The wealth began to stir, and it distinguished itself, part from part, until its portions were made distinct, just as had appeared in the written record, showing what they had stolen and seized. The Messenger of Allah then handed over to those common folk who were present their shares [8], sent to those absent and gave them theirs, and gave to the heirs of those who had died. Allah disgraced the Jews and the leaders; wretchedness prevailed over some of them and some of the common folk, while Allah granted others success.

فَقَالَ الرُّؤَسَاءُ الَّذِينَ هَمُّوا بِالْإِسْلاَمِ:نَشْهَدُ-يَا مُحَمَّدُ-أَنَّكَ النَّبِيُّ الْأَفْضَلُ،وَ أَنَّ أَخَاكَ هَذَا هُوَ الْوَصِيُّ الْأَجَلُّ الْأَكْمَلُ،فَقَدْ فَضَحَنَا اللَّهُ بِذُنُوبِنَا،أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ تُبْنَا وَ أَقْلَعْنَا مَاذَا تَكُونُ حَالُنَا؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):إِذَنْ أَنْتُمْ رُفَقَاؤُنَا فِي الْجِنَانِ،وَ تَكُونُونَ فِي الدُّنْيَا فِي دِينِ اللَّهِ إِخْوَانُنَا،وَ يُوَسِّعُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى أَرْزَاقَكُمْ،وَ تَجِدُونَ فِي مَوَاضِعِ هَذِهِ الْأَمْوَالِ الَّتِي أُخِذَتْ مِنْكُمْ أَضْعَافاً [9]،وَ يَنْسَى هَؤُلاَءِ الْخَلْقُ فَضِيحَتَكُمْ حَتَّى لاَ يَذْكُرُهَا أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ.

The leaders who were inclined to accept Islam said: We bear witness, O Muhammad, that you are the most excellent Prophet, and that this brother of yours is the most august and most complete legatee. Allah has exposed us for our sins. Tell us: if we repent and desist, what will our state be? The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) said: Then you will be our companions in the gardens, and in this world, in the religion of Allah, you will be our brothers. Allah, Exalted, will expand your provision, and in place of the wealth taken from you, you will find multiples [9]; and these people will forget your disgrace so that none of them will mention it.

فَقَالُوا:إِنَّا نَشْهَدُ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لاَ شَرِيكَ لَهُ،وَ أَنَّكَ-يَا مُحَمَّدُ-عَبْدُهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ وَ صَفِيُّهُ وَ خَلِيلُهُ،وَ أَنَّ عَلِيّاً أَخُوكَ وَ وَزِيرُكَ،وَ الْقَيِّمُ بِدِينِكَ،وَ النَّائِبُ عَنْكَ،وَ الْمُنَاضِلُ دُونَكَ،وَ هُوَ مِنْكَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ هَارُونَ مِنْ مُوسَى إِلاَّ أَنَّهُ لاَ نَبِيَّ بَعْدَكَ.فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):فَأَنْتُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ».

They said: We bear witness that there is no god but Allah, alone without partner, and that you, O Muhammad, are His servant, His messenger, His elect, and His intimate friend; and that ‘Ali is your brother and your minister, the custodian of your religion, your deputy, and your defender; he is to you like Aaron was to Moses, except that there is no prophet after you. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) said: Then you are the successful.

99-/453 _2- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: قُلْتُ:قَوْلُهُ: أَ تَأْمُرُونَ النّٰاسَ بِالْبِرِّ وَ تَنْسَوْنَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ ؟قَالَ:فَوَضَعَ يَدَهُ عَلَى حَلْقِهِ،قَالَ كَالذَّابِحِ نَفْسَهُ. [1]

99-/453: Al‑‘Ayyāshī: from Ya‘qub b. Shu‘ayb, from Abu ‘Abd Allah (peace be upon him). He said: I asked about His saying, “Do you enjoin men to be good and neglect your own souls?” He placed his hand upon his throat and said: Like one slaughtering himself. [1]

99-/454 _3-و قال الحجال-عن أبي [2] إسحاق،عمن ذكره-: وَ تَنْسَوْنَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ :أي تتركون.

99-/454 _3-: Al‑Hajjāl—from Abu [2] Ishaq, from one he mentioned—said about “and forget yourselves”: i.e., you leave [yourselves aside].

99-/455 _4-و قال عليّ بن إبراهيم في الآية:نزلت في القُصَّاصِ و الخُطَّابِ،و هو قَوْلُ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «وَ عَلَى كُلِّ مِنْبَرٍ مِنْهُمْ خَطِيبٌ مِصْقَعٌ [3]،يَكْذِبُ عَلَى اللَّهِ وَ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ وَ عَلَى كِتَابِهِ». و قال الكميت في ذلك: مصيب على الأعواد يوم ركوبها لما قال فيها،مخطئ حين ينزل و لغيره في هذا المعنى: و غير تقيّ يأمر الناس بالتقى طبيب يداوي الناس و هو [4] عليل

99-/455 _4-: ‘Ali b. Ibrahim said about the verse: It was revealed regarding the storytellers and preachers; and it is the saying of the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him): “On each of their pulpits there is a grand orator [3], who lies against Allah, His Messenger, and His Book.” And al‑Kumayt said about that: “Right on the planks the day he mounts them for what he says upon them, wrong when he descends.” And another said to this effect: “An irreligious man enjoins people to piety—a doctor who treats people while he himself is sick.” [4]

قوله تعالى:

وَ اسْتَعِينُوا بِالصَّبْرِ وَ الصَّلاٰةِ وَ إِنَّهٰا لَكَبِيرَةٌ إِلاّٰ عَلَى الْخٰاشِعِينَ [45]

Qur’an 2:45 (M. H. Shakir):

And seek assistance through patience and prayer, and most surely it is a hard thing except for the humble ones,

اَلَّذِينَ يَظُنُّونَ أَنَّهُمْ مُلاٰقُوا رَبِّهِمْ وَ أَنَّهُمْ إِلَيْهِ رٰاجِعُونَ[46]

Qur’an 2:46 (M. H. Shakir):

Who know that they shall meet their Lord and that they shall return to Him.

99-/456 _1- قَالَ الْإِمَامُ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لِسَائِرِ الْيَهُودِ وَ الْكَافِرِينَ وَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ:

99-/456 _1-: Imam al‑‘Askari (peace be upon him) said: Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said to the rest of the Jews, the unbelievers, and the polytheists: …

_2) -تفسير العيّاشيّ 1:37/43.

-Tafsir al‑‘Ayyāshī 1:37/43.

_3) -تفسير العيّاشيّ 1:38/43.

-Tafsir al‑‘Ayyāshī 1:38/43.

_4) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:46.

-Tafsīr al‑Qummī 1:46.

_1) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السلام):115/237-117.

-al‑Tafsīr al‑mansūb ilā al‑Imām al‑‘Askari (alayhi al‑salām): 115/237–117.

[1] لعلّ المراد:قال الإمام(عليه السّلام):إنّ من يأمر النّاس بالبرّ و ينسى نفسه،فهو كالذّابح نفسه.أو أن الإمام(عليه السلام)أشار كالذابح نفسه و الثاني أظهر.

-La‘alla al‑murād: qāla al‑Imām (alayhi al‑salām): inna man ya’muru al‑nās bil‑birri wa yansā nafsahu, fahuwa kal‑dhābiḥ nafsah. Aw anna al‑Imām (alayhi al‑salām) ashāra kal‑dhābiḥ nafsah wa al‑thānī aẓhar.

[2] في المصدر:ابن،و لعله صحيح أيضا،فقد روى الحجال عن أبي إسحاق الشعيري و عبيد بن إسحاق.راجع معجم رجال الحديث 11:45،21 :18:22:38،23:77.

-Fi al‑masdar: ibn, wa la‘allahu ṣaḥīḥ ayḍan, faqad rawā al‑Hajjāl ‘an Abī Isḥāq al‑Sha‘īrī wa ‘Ubayd b. Isḥāq. Rāji‘ Mu‘jam Rijāl al‑Ḥadīth 11:45; 21:18; 22:38; 23:77.

[3] أي بليغ.«الصحاح-صقع-3:1244».

-Ay balīgh. “al‑Ṣiḥāḥ – Ṣaqa‘ – 3:1244.”

[4] في«ط»:يداوي و الطبيب.

-Fi “Ṭ”: yadāwī wa al‑ṭabīb.