S 2 A 185

لَمْ يَصِحَّ حَتَّى جَاءَ رَمَضَانٌ قَابِلٌ،فَلْيَتَصَدَّقْ-كَمَا تَصَدَّقَ-مَكَانَ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ أَفْطَرَ مُدّاً،وَ إِنْ صَحَّ فِيمَا بَيْنَ الرَّمَضَانَيْنِ فَتَوَانَى أَنْ يَقْضِيَهُ حَتَّى جَاءَ الرَّمَضَانُ الْآخَرُ،فَإِنَّ عَلَيْهِ الصَّوْمَ وَ الصَّدَقَةَ جَمِيعاً؛يَقْضِي الصَّوْمَ وَ يَتَصَدَّقُ،مِنْ أَجْلِ أَنَّهُ ضَيَّعَ ذَلِكَ الصِّيَامَ».

If he did not recover until the following Ramadan came, then he should give charity—as he previously gave—one mudd in place of every day he broke the fast. And if he recovered between the two Ramadans but was negligent in making them up until the next Ramadan came, then the fast and the charity are both due upon him; he must make up the fasts and give charity, because he neglected those fasts.

99-/845 _16- وَ عَنِ الْعَلاَءِ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: وَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعٰامُ مِسْكِينٍ .

قَالَ:«الشَّيْخُ الْكَبِيرُ،وَ الَّذِي يَأْخُذُهُ الْعُطَاشُ».

99-/845 _16- (Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:179/79): And from al-‘Alā’, from Muhammad, from Abū Ja‘far (peace be upon him). He said: I asked him about the saying of Allah: “And (as for) those who can afford it (but with hardship) there is a ransom, the feeding of a poor man.” He said: The very old man, and the one whom excessive thirst overcomes.

99-/846 _17- وَ عَنْ رِفَاعَةَ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِهِ: وَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعٰامُ مِسْكِينٍ .

قَالَ:«الْمَرْأَةُ تَخَافُ عَلَى وَلَدِهَا،وَ الشَّيْخُ الْكَبِيرُ».

99-/846 _17- (Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:180/79): And from Rifā‘a, from Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him), regarding His saying: “And (as for) those who can afford it (but with hardship) there is a ransom, the feeding of a poor man.” He said: A woman who fears for her child, and the very old man.

99-/847 _18- وَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ،قَالَ:سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَقُولُ: «[الشَّيْخُ]الْكَبِيرُ،وَ الَّذِي بِهِ الْعُطَاشُ،لاَ حَرَجَ عَلَيْهِمَا أَنْ يُفْطِرَا فِي رَمَضَانَ،وَ تَصَدَّقَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ بِمُدٍّ [1] مِنْ طَعَامٍ،وَ لاَ قَضَاءَ عَلَيْهِمَا،فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدَرَا فَلاَ شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِمَا».

99-/847 _18- (Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:181/79): And from Muhammad ibn Muslim who said: I heard Abū Ja‘far (peace be upon him) say: The very old man, and the one suffering from (chronic) excessive thirst—there is no burden on them to fast in Ramadan, and each of them should give in charity each day one mudd [1] of food, and there is no make-up upon them. If they are unable, then nothing is upon them.

[1] في المصدر و«ط»نسخة بدل:بمدّين.

[1] fi al-masdar wa “T” nuskha badal: bi-muddayn.

قوله تعالى:

شَهْرُ رَمَضٰانَ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنُ هُدىً لِلنّٰاسِ وَ بَيِّنٰاتٍ مِنَ الْهُدىٰ وَ الْفُرْقٰانِ[185]

Qur’an 2:185 (M. H. Shakir): The month of Ramadan is that in which the Qur’an was revealed, a guidance to men and clear proofs of the guidance and the Criterion.

99-/848 _1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ،عَنْ عَمْرٍو الشَّامِيِّ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «إِنَّ الشُّهُورَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ اثْنَا عَشَرَ شَهْراً فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ الْأَرْضَ؛فَغُرَّةُ الشُّهُورِ شَهْرُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ ذِكْرُهُ وَ هُوَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ،وَ قَلْبُ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ،وَ نَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ فِي أَوَّلِ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ،فَاسْتَقْبِلِ الشَّهْرَ بِالْقُرْآنِ».

99-/848 _1- (al-Kāfī 4:1/65): Muhammad ibn Ya‘qūb—from ‘Alī ibn Ibrāhīm, from his father, from ‘Abdullāh ibn al-Mughīra, from ‘Amr al-Shāmī, from Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him), who said: Verily the months with Allah are twelve months in the Book of Allah from the day He created the heavens and the earth; the choicest of the months is the Month of Allah, Mighty is His remembrance—and it is the month of Ramadan; and the heart of the month of Ramadan is the Night of Decree; and the Qur’an was sent down on the first night of the month of Ramadan, so receive the month with the Qur’an.

99-/849 _2- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ؛وَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ دَاوُدَ [1]،عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: شَهْرُ رَمَضٰانَ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنُ وَ إِنَّمَا أُنْزِلَ فِي عِشْرِينَ سَنَةً بَيْنَ أَوَّلِهِ وَ آخِرِهِ.

فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«نَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ جُمْلَةً وَاحِدَةً فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ إِلَى الْبَيْتِ الْمَعْمُورِ،ثُمَّ نَزَلَ فِي طُولِ عِشْرِينَ سَنَةً».

ثُمَّ قَالَ:«قَالَ النَّبِيُّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):نَزَلَتْ صُحُفُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي أَوَّلِ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ،وَ أُنْزِلَتِ التَّوْرَاةُ لِسِتٍّ مَضَيْنَ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ،وَ أُنْزِلَ الْإِنْجِيلُ لِثَلاَثَ عَشْرَةَ لَيْلَةً خَلَتْ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ،وَ أُنْزِلَ الزَّبُورُ لِثَمَانَ عَشَرَةَ خَلَوْنَ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ،وَ أُنْزِلَ الْقُرْآنُ فِي ثَلاَثٍ وَ عِشْرِينَ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ».

99-/849 _2- (al-Kāfī 2:6/460): And from him: from ‘Alī ibn Ibrāhīm, from his father; and from ‘Alī ibn Muhammad, from al-Qāsim ibn Muhammad, from Sulaymān ibn Dāwūd [1], from Hafs ibn Ghiyāth, from Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him). He said: I asked him about the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: “The month of Ramadan in which the Qur’an was sent down,” while it was sent down over twenty years between its beginning and its end. Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him) said: The Qur’an was sent down as a whole, in one go, in the month of Ramadan to al-Bayt al-Ma‘mūr; then it was sent down over the span of twenty years. Then he said: The Prophet (may Allah bless him and his family) said: The scrolls of Abraham were sent down on the first night of the month of Ramadan; the Torah was sent down when six had passed from the month of Ramadan; the Gospel was sent down when thirteen nights had elapsed of the month of Ramadan; the Psalms were sent down when eighteen had elapsed of the month of Ramadan; and the Qur’an was sent down on the twenty-third of the month of Ramadan.

99-/850 _3- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ،عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ،عَنْ سَعْدٍ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: كُنَّا عِنْدَهُ ثَمَانِيَةَ رِجَالٍ،فَذَكَرْنَا رَمَضَانَ،فَقَالَ:«لاَ تَقُولُوا:هَذَا رَمَضَانُ، وَ لاَ ذَهَبَ رَمَضَانُ،وَ لاَ جَاءَ رَمَضَانُ،فَإِنَّ رَمَضَانَ اسْمٌ مِنْ أَسْمَاءِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لاَ يَجِيءُ وَ لاَ يَذْهَبُ،وَ إِنَّمَا يَجِيءُ وَ يَذْهَبُ الزَّائِلُ،وَ لَكِنْ قُولُوا:شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ،فَالشَّهْرُ مُضَافٌ إِلَى الاِسْمِ،وَ الاِسْمُ اسْمُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ ذِكْرُهُ،وَ هُوَ الشَّهْرُ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنُ جَعَلَهُ مَثَلاً وَ عِيداً».

99-/850 _3- (al-Kāfī 4:2/69): And from him: from a number of our companions, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abī Nasr, from Hishām ibn Sālim, from Sa‘d, from Abū Ja‘far (peace be upon him), who said: We were with him eight men, and we mentioned Ramadan. He said: Do not say: “This is Ramadan,” nor “Ramadan has gone,” nor “Ramadan has come,” for “Ramadan” is one of the Names of Allah, Mighty and Majestic; He does not come or go—only things that perish come and go. Rather say: “The month of Ramadan,” for “month” is annexed to the Name, and the Name is the Name of Allah, exalted is His remembrance. It is the month in which the Qur’an was sent down; He made it a parable and a festival.

99-/851 _4- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنِ ابْنِ سِنَانٍ-أَوْ عَنْ غَيْرِهِ [2]-عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَهُ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنِ الْقُرْآنِ وَ الْفُرْقَانِ،أَ هُمَا شَيْئَانِ،أَوْ شَيْءٌ وَاحِدٌ؟ فَقَالَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«الْقُرْآنُ:جُمْلَةُ الْكِتَابِ،وَ الْفُرْقَانُ:اَلْمُحْكَمُ الْوَاجِبُ الْعَمَلُ بِهِ».

99-/851 _4- (al-Kāfī 2:11/461): And from him: from ‘Alī ibn Ibrāhīm, from his father, from Ibn Sinān—or from others [2]—from the one he named. He said: I asked Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him) about “the Qur’an” and “the Criterion (al-Furqān)”: are they two things or one thing? He (peace be upon him) said: The Qur’an is the totality of the Book, and the Furqān is the decisive part whose implementation is obligatory.

99-/852 _5- الشَّيْخُ فِي(التَّهْذِيبِ):بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ،عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ عَلِيٍّ،عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «نَزَلَتِ التَّوْرَاةُ فِي سِتٍّ مَضَيْنَ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ،وَ نَزَلَ الْإِنْجِيلُ فِي اثْنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ مَضَتْ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ،وَ نَزَلَ الزَّبُورُ فِي ثَمَانِيَ عَشْرَةَ مَضَتْ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ،وَ نَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ فِي لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ».

99-/852 _5- (al-Tahdhīb 4:552/193): The Shaykh in (al-Tahdhīb), by his chain, from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘īd, from al-Qāsim ibn Muhammad, from ‘Alī, from Abū Basīr, from Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him), who said: The Torah was sent down when six had passed of the month of Ramadan; the Gospel was sent down when twelve had passed of the month of Ramadan; the Psalms were sent down when eighteen had passed of the month of Ramadan; and the Qur’an was sent down on the Night of Decree.

99-/853 _6- وَ عَنْهُ:بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْأَصَمِّ،عَنْ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ،عَنْ مُعَمَّرِ بْنِ يَحْيَى،أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَقُولُ: «لاَ يَسْأَلُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَبْداً عَنْ صَلاَةٍ بَعْدَ الْفَرِيضَةِ،وَ لاَ عَنْ صَدَقَةٍ بَعْدَ الزَّكَاةِ،وَ لاَ عَنْ صَوْمٍ بَعْدَ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ».

99-/853 _6- (al-Tahdhīb 4:242/153): And from him, by his chain, from ‘Alī ibn al-Hasan ibn Faddāl, from Muhammad ibn Khālid al-Asamm, from Tha‘labah ibn Maymūn, from Mu‘ammar ibn Yahyā, that he heard Abū Ja‘far (peace be upon him) say: Allah, Mighty and Majestic, will not ask a servant about prayer beyond the obligatory, nor about charity beyond the zakāt, nor about fasting beyond the month of Ramadan.

_16) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:179/79.

_17) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:180/79.

_18) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:181/79.

_1) -الكافي 4:1/65.

_2) -الكافي 2:6/460.

_3) -الكافي 4:2/69.

_4) -الكافي 2:11/461.

_5) -التهذيب 4:552/193.

_6) -التهذيب 4:242/153.

_16) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:179/79.

_17) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:180/79.

_18) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:181/79.

_1) -al-Kāfī 4:1/65.

_2) -al-Kāfī 2:6/460.

_3) -al-Kāfī 4:2/69.

_4) -al-Kāfī 2:11/461.

_5) -al-Tahdhīb 4:552/193.

_6) -al-Tahdhīb 4:242/153.

[1] في المصدر:عليّ بن إبراهيم،عن أبيه،و محمّد بن القاسم،عن محمّد بن سليمان،عن داود،و الصواب ما في المتن،لعدم رواية الكليني أو إبراهيم بن هاشم عن محمّد بن القاسم،بل روى الكليني عن عليّ بن محمّد،و روى هو عن القاسم،و روى الأخير عن سليمان راجع معجم رجال الحديث 14:37 و 17:154 و 18:54.

[1] fī al-masdar: ‘Alī ibn Ibrāhīm, ‘an abīh, wa Muhammad ibn al-Qāsim, ‘an Muhammad ibn Sulaymān, ‘an Dāwūd, wa al-sawāb mā fī al-matn, li-‘adam riwāyat al-Kulaynī aw Ibrāhīm ibn Hāshim ‘an Muhammad ibn al-Qāsim, bal rawā al-Kulaynī ‘an ‘Alī ibn Muhammad, wa rawā huwa ‘an al-Qāsim, wa rawā al-akhīr ‘an Sulaymān. Rāji‘ Ma‘jam Rijāl al-Hadīth 14:37 wa 17:154 wa 18:54.

[2] في«س و ط»:عليّ بن إبراهيم،عن ابن سنان و غيره،و الصواب ما أثبتناه،كما أورده السيّد الخوئي في تفصيل طبقات الرواة.انظر معجم رجال الحديث 1:319 و 22:404.

[2] fī “S wa T”: ‘Alī ibn Ibrāhīm, ‘an Ibn Sinān wa ghayrih, wa al-sawāb mā athbatnāh, kamā awradahu al-Sayyid al-Khū’ī fī Tafsīl Tabaqāt al-Ruwwāt. Unẓur Ma‘jam Rijāl al-Hadīth 1:319 wa 22:404.

99-/854 _7- وَ عَنْهُ:بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ صَبِيحٍ،عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عُلْوَانَ،عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ،قَالَ:قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): «شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ نَسَخَ كُلَّ صَوْمٍ،وَ النَّحْرُ نَسَخَ كُلَّ ذَبِيحَةٍ،وَ الزَّكَاةُ نَسَخَتْ كُلَّ صَدَقَةٍ،وَ غُسْلُ الْجَنَابَةِ نَسَخَ كُلَّ غُسْلٍ».

99-/854 _7- (al-Tahdhīb 4:425/153): And from him, by his chain, from ‘Alī ibn al-Hasan ibn Faddāl, from Ahmad ibn Sabīh, from al-Husayn ibn ‘Ulwān, from ‘Abdullāh ibn al-Hasan, who said: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) said: The month of Ramadan abrogated every (previous) fast; the sacrifice on the Day of Slaughter abrogated every (other) slaughter; the zakāt abrogated every charity; and the ghusl of janābah abrogated every ghusl.

99-/855 _8- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنِ الْحَارِثِ الْبَصْرِيِّ [1]،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: قَالَ فِي آخِرِ شَعْبَانَ:«إِنَّ هَذَا الشَّهْرَ الْمُبَارَكَ الَّذِي أَنْزَلْتَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنَ،وَ جَعَلْتَهُ هُدًى لِلنَّاسِ،وَ بَيِّنَاتٍ مِنَ الْهُدَى وَ الْفُرْقانِ،قَدْ حَضَرَ،فَسَلِّمْنَا فِيهِ، وَ سَلِّمْهُ لَنَا،وَ سَلِّمْهُ مِنَّا فِي يُسْرٍ مِنْكَ وَ عَافِيَةٍ».

99-/855 _8- (Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:182/80): Al-‘Ayyāshī: from al-Hārith al-Basrī [1], from Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him), who said: He said at the end of Sha‘bān: This blessed month in which You sent down the Qur’an and made it a guidance for mankind and clear proofs of guidance and the Criterion has arrived. So keep us safe in it, and preserve it for us, and keep it safe from us, with ease from You and well-being.

99-/856 _9- عَنْ عُبْدُوسٍ الْعَطَّارِ،عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «إِذَا حَضَرَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ،فَقُلْ:

اللَّهُمَّ قَدْ حَضَرَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ،وَ قَدِ افْتَرَضْتَ عَلَيْنَا صِيَامَهُ،وَ أَنْزَلْتَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنَ هُدًى لِلنَّاسِ،وَ بَيِّنَاتٍ مِنَ الْهُدَى وَ الْفُرْقَانِ،اللَّهُمَّ أَعِنَّا عَلَى صِيَامِهِ وَ تَقَبَّلْهُ مِنَّا،وَ سَلِّمْنَا فِيهِ،وَ سَلِّمْهُ مِنَّا،وَ سَلِّمْنَا لَهُ فِي يُسْرٍ مِنْكَ وَ عَافِيَةٍ،إِنَّكَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ،يَا أَرْحَمَ الرَّاحِمِينَ».

99-/856 _9- (Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:183/80): From ‘Abdūs the perfumer, from Abū Basīr, from Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him), who said: When the month of Ramadan arrives, say: O Allah, the month of Ramadan has arrived, and You have made its fast obligatory upon us, and You sent down therein the Qur’an as a guidance for mankind and clear proofs of guidance and the Criterion. O Allah, help us to fast it and accept it from us; keep us safe in it, keep it safe from us, and keep us for it—with ease from You and well-being. Surely You have power over all things, O Most Merciful of the merciful.

99-/857 _10- عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِهِ: شَهْرُ رَمَضٰانَ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنُ كَيْفَ أُنْزِلَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنُ،وَ إِنَّمَا أُنْزِلَ الْقُرْآنُ فِي طُولِ عِشْرِينَ سَنَةً مِنْ أَوَّلِهِ إِلَى آخِرِهِ؟ فَقَالَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«نَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ جُمْلَةً وَاحِدَةً فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ إِلَى الْبَيْتِ الْمَعْمُورِ،ثُمَّ أُنْزِلَ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ الْمَعْمُورِ فِي طُولِ عِشْرِينَ سَنَةً».

ثُمَّ قَالَ:«قَالَ النَّبِيُّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):نَزَلَتْ صُحُفُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي أَوَّلِ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ،وَ أُنْزِلَتِ التَّوْرَاةُ لِسِتٍّ مَضَيْنَ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ،وَ أُنْزِلَ الْإِنْجِيلُ لِثَلاَثَ عَشْرَةَ لَيْلَةً خَلَتْ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ،وَ أُنْزِلَ الزَّبُورُ لِثَمَانِيَ عَشَرَةَ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ،وَ أُنْزِلَ الْقُرْآنُ لِأَرْبَعٍ وَ عِشْرِينَ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ».

99-/857 _10- (Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:185/80): From Ibrāhīm, from Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him). He said: I asked him about His saying: “The month of Ramadan in which the Qur’an was sent down.” How was the Qur’an sent down in it, while it was sent down over twenty years from beginning to end? He (peace be upon him) said: The Qur’an was sent down all at once in the month of Ramadan to al-Bayt al-Ma‘mūr, then it was sent down from al-Bayt al-Ma‘mūr over twenty years. Then he said: The Prophet (may Allah bless him and his family) said: The scrolls of Abraham were sent down on the first night of the month of Ramadan; the Torah when six had passed of the month of Ramadan; the Gospel when thirteen nights had elapsed of the month of Ramadan; the Psalms on the eighteenth of Ramadan; and the Qur’an on the twenty-fourth of Ramadan.

99-/858 _11- عَنِ ابْنِ سِنَانٍ،عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَهُ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنِ الْقُرْآنِ وَ الْفُرْقَانِ،أَ هُمَا شَيْئَانِ،أَوْ شَيْءٌ وَاحِدٌ؟ قَالَ:فَقَالَ:«الْقُرْآنُ:جُمْلَةُ الْكِتَابِ،وَ الْفُرْقَانُ:اَلْمُحْكَمُ الْوَاجِبُ الْعَمَلُ بِهِ».

99-/858 _11- (Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:185/80): From Ibn Sinān, from one he named: I asked Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him) about the Qur’an and the Furqān—are they two things or one thing? He said: The Qur’an is the totality of the Book, and the Furqān is the decisive part whose implementation is obligatory.

99-/859 _12- أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الطَّبْرِسِيُّ،قَالَ:رَوَى الثَّعْلَبِيُّ،بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ،عَنِ النَّبِيِّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،أَنَّهُ قَالَ:

«أُنْزِلَتْ صُحُفُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)لِثَلاَثٍ مَضَيْنَ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ-وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ الْوَاحِدِيِّ:فِي أَوَّلِ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْهُ-وَ أُنْزِلَتْ تَوْرَاةُ مُوسَى(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)لِسِتٍّ مَضَيْنَ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ،وَ أُنْزِلَ إِنْجِيلُ عِيسَى لِثَلاَثَ عَشْرَةَ خَلَتْ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ،وَ أُنْزِلَ زَبُورُ دَاوُدَ لِثَمَانِيَ عَشَرَةَ لَيْلَةً خَلَتْ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ،وَ أُنْزِلَ الْفُرْقَانُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ لِأَرْبَعٍ وَ عِشْرِينَ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ».

ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ:وَ هَذَا بِعَيْنِهِ رَوَاهُ الْعَيَّاشِيُّ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) [1].

99-/859 _12- (Majma‘ al-Bayān 2:497): Abū ‘Alī al-Tabrisī said: al-Tha‘labī, by his chain, narrated from Abū Dharr, from the Prophet (may Allah bless him and his family) that he said: The scrolls of Abraham (peace be upon him) were sent down when three had passed of the month of Ramadan—and in al-Wāhidī’s narration: on its first night; the Torah of Moses (peace be upon him) when six had passed of Ramadan; the Gospel of Jesus when thirteen had elapsed of Ramadan; the Psalms of David when eighteen nights had elapsed of Ramadan; and the Furqān was sent down upon Muhammad on the twenty-fourth of the month of Ramadan. Then Abū ‘Alī said: And this very report was narrated by al-‘Ayyāshī from Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him) [1].

[1] في المصدر:النصري،و كلاهما صحيح،و هو الحارث بن المغيرة النصري،من نصر بن معاوية.انظر رجال النجاشيّ:361/139 و معجم رجال الحديث 4:204.

[1] fī al-masdar: al-Naṣrī, wa kilāhumā ṣaḥīḥ, wa huwa al-Hārith ibn al-Mughīrah al-Naṣrī, min Naṣr ibn Mu‘āwiyah. Unẓur Rijāl al-Najāshī: 361/139 wa Ma‘jam Rijāl al-Hadīth 4:204.

99-/860 _13- وَ رَوَى عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي(تَفْسِيرِهِ)،قَالَ:رُوِيَ عَنِ الْعَالِمِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «نَزَلَتْ صُحُفُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)أَوَّلَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ،وَ نَزَلَتِ التَّوْرَاةُ لِسِتٍّ خَلَوْنَ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ،وَ نَزَلَ الْإِنْجِيلُ لِثَلاَثَ عَشْرَةَ لَيْلَةً خَلَتْ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ،وَ نَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ لِأَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ لَيْلَةً خَلَتْ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ».

99-/860 _13- (Tafsīr al-Qummī — manuscript: 12): And ‘Alī ibn Ibrāhīm narrated in his Tafsīr: it was narrated from the ‘Ālim (peace be upon him) that he said: The scrolls of Abraham (peace be upon him) were sent down at the beginning of the month of Ramadan; the Torah when six had passed of the month of Ramadan; the Gospel when thirteen nights had elapsed of the month of Ramadan; and the Qur’an when fourteen nights had elapsed of the month of Ramadan.

99-/861 _14- و قال عليّ بن إبراهيم:أول ما فرض اللّه الصوم،لم يفرضه اللّه في شهر رمضان،قال:و

قَالَ الْعَالِمُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): فَرَضَ اللَّهُ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ [2] عَلَى الْأَنْبِيَاءِ وَ لَمْ يَفْرِضْهُ عَلَى الْأُمَمِ،فَلَمَّا بَعَثَ اللَّهُ نَبِيَّهُ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) خَصَّهُ بِفَضْلِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ هُوَ وَ أُمَّتَهُ،وَ كَانَ الصَّوْمُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ يَصُومُ النَّاسُ أَيَّاماً».

99-/861 _14- (Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:65): And ‘Alī ibn Ibrāhīm said: The first time Allah made fasting obligatory, He did not make it obligatory in the month of Ramadan. And the ‘Ālim (peace be upon him) said: Allah made the month of Ramadan [2] obligatory upon the prophets, but did not make it obligatory upon the nations. When Allah sent His Prophet (may Allah bless him and his family), He singled him and his community out with the merit of the month of Ramadan. Before the month of Ramadan was sent down, fasting was such that people would fast some days.

[2] (قال و قال...شهر رمضان)ليس في المصدر.

[2] (qāla wa qāla… shahr Ramaḍān) laysa fī al-masdar.

قوله تعالى:

فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ وَ مَنْ كٰانَ مَرِيضاً أَوْ عَلىٰ سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيّٰامٍ أُخَرَ[185]

Qur’an 2:185 (M. H. Shakir): Therefore whoever of you is present in the month, he shall fast therein, and whoever is sick or upon a journey, then (he shall fast) a (like) number of other days.

99-/862 _1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا،عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ،عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ،عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ الْعَبْدِيِّ،عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ،قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ ؟قَالَ:«مَا أَبْيَنَهَا!مَنْ شَهِدَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ،وَ مَنْ سَافَرَ فَلاَ يَصُمْهُ».

99-/862 _1- (al-Kāfī 4:1/126): Muhammad ibn Ya‘qūb: from a number of our companions, from Sahl ibn Ziyād, from al-Hasan ibn Maḥbūb, from ‘Abd al-‘Azīz al-‘Abdī, from ‘Ubayd ibn Zurārah, who said: I said to Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him) about His saying, Mighty and Majestic: “Therefore whoever of you is present in the month, he shall fast therein.” He said: How clear it is! Whoever is present should fast it, and whoever travels should not fast it.

99-/863 _2- الشَّيْخُ فِي(التَّهْذِيبِ):بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يَحْيَى،عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَسْبَاطٍ،عَنْ رَجُلٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «إِذَا دَخَلَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ فَلِلَّهِ فِيهِ شَرْطٌ؛قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ فَلَيْسَ لِلرَّجُلِ-إِذَا دَخَلَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ-أَنْ يَخْرُجَ إِلاَّ فِي حَجٍّ أَوْ عُمْرَةٍ،أَوْ مَالٍ يَخَافُ تَلَفَهُ،أَوْ أَخٍ يَخَافُ هَلاَكَهُ،وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ فِي إِتْلاَفِ مَالِ أَخِيهِ،فَإِذَا مَضَتْ لَيْلَةُ ثَلاَثٍ وَ عِشْرِينَ فَلْيَخْرُجْ حَيْثُ شَاءَ».

99-/863 _2- (al-Tahdhīb 4:626/216): The Shaykh in (al-Tahdhīb), by his chain, from Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahyā, from Sahl ibn Ziyād, from ‘Alī ibn Asbāt, from a man, from Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him), who said: When the month of Ramadan enters, there is a condition from Allah in it; Allah the Exalted said: “Therefore whoever of you is present in the month, he shall fast therein.” Thus, when the month of Ramadan has entered, it is not for a man to depart except for Hajj or ‘Umrah, or for property he fears will be lost, or for a brother he fears will perish. And it is not for him to depart so as to destroy his brother’s property. When the night of the twenty-third has passed, then let him set out wherever he wishes.

99-/864 _3- وَ عَنْهُ:بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ جَبَلَةَ،عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ،عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ:جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ،يَدْخُلُ عَلَيَّ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ فَأَصُومُ بَعْضَهُ،فَتَحْضُرُنِي نِيَّةُ زِيَارَةِ قَبْرِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحُسَيْنِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،فَأَزُورُهُ وَ أُفْطِرُ ذَاهِباً وَ جَائِياً،أَوْ أُقِيمُ حَتَّى أُفْطِرَ،وَ أَزُورَهُ بَعْدَ مَا أُفْطِرُ بِيَوْمٍ أَوْ يَوْمَيْنِ.فَقَالَ:

«أَقِمْ حَتَّى تُفْطِرَ».

قُلْتُ لَهُ:جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ،فَهُوَ أَفْضَلُ.قَالَ:«نَعَمْ،أَ مَا تَقْرَأُ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ: فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ ».

99-/864 _3- (al-Tahdhīb 4:961/316): And from him, by his chain, from Hārūn ibn al-Hasan ibn Jabalāh, from Samā‘ah, from Abū Basīr, from Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him). He said: I said to him: May I be your ransom! The month of Ramadan enters upon me and I fast some of it, then the intention to visit the grave of Abū ‘Abdillāh al-Husayn (peace be upon him) comes to me—should I visit him and break my fast on the way there and back, or should I remain until I break my fast and visit him a day or two after I have broken it? He said: Remain until you break your fast. I said to him: May I be your ransom! That is better? He said: Yes. Do you not read in the Book of Allah: “Therefore whoever of you is present in the month, he shall fast therein”?

99-/865 _4- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنِ الصَّبَّاحِ بْنِ سَيَابَةَ،قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):إِنَّ ابْنَ أَبِي يَعْفُورٍ أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أَسْأَلَكَ عَنْ مَسَائِلَ،فَقَالَ:«وَ مَا هِيَ؟».قَالَ:يَقُولُ لَكَ:إِذَا دَخَلَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ وَ أَنَا فِي مَنْزِلِي أَ لِي أَنْ أُسَافِرَ؟ قَالَ:«إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ: فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ فَمَنْ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ وَ هُوَ فِي أَهْلِهِ،فَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يُسَافِرَ إِلاَّ لِحَجٍّ أَوْ عُمْرَةٍ،أَوْ فِي طَلَبِ مَالٍ يَخَافُ تَلَفَهُ».

99-/865 _4- (Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:186/80): Al-‘Ayyāshī: from al-Ṣabbāḥ ibn Sayābah, who said: I said to Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him): Ibn Abī Ya‘fūr commanded me to ask you about some matters. He said: What are they? He said: He says to you, “When the month of Ramadan enters and I am in my home, may I travel?” He said: Indeed Allah says, “Therefore whoever of you is present in the month, he shall fast therein.” So whoever the month of Ramadan enters upon while he is among his family, it is not for him to travel except for Hajj or ‘Umrah, or in pursuit of property he fears will be lost.

99-/866 _5- عَنْ زُرَارَةَ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِهِ: فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ .قَالَ:فَقَالَ:«مَا أَبْيَنَهَا لِمَنْ عَقَلَهَا!-قَالَ-مَنْ شَهِدَ رَمَضَانَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ،وَ مَنْ سَافَرَ فِيهِ فَلْيُفْطِرْ».

99-/866 _5- (Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:187/81): From Zurārah, from Abū Ja‘far (peace be upon him), regarding His saying: “Therefore whoever of you is present in the month, he shall fast therein.” He said: How clear it is for the one who understands it! Whoever witnesses Ramadan should fast it, and whoever travels in it should break the fast.

99-/867 _6- وَ عَنْهُ:قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فَلْيَصُمْهُ قَالَ:«الصَّوْمُ فُوهٌ لاَ يَتَكَلَّمُ إِلاَّ بِالْخَيْرِ».

99-/867 _6- (Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:188/81): And from him: Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him) said, regarding “then he shall fast it”: Fasting is a mouth that speaks only good.

قوله تعالى:

يُرِيدُ اللّٰهُ بِكُمُ الْيُسْرَ وَ لاٰ يُرِيدُ بِكُمُ الْعُسْرَ وَ لِتُكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ وَ لِتُكَبِّرُوا اللّٰهَ عَلىٰ مٰا هَدٰاكُمْ وَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ[185]

Qur’an 2:185 (M. H. Shakir): Allah desires ease for you, and He does not desire for you difficulty, and (He desires) that you should complete the number and that you should exalt the greatness of Allah for having guided you and that you may give thanks.

99-/868 _1- ابْنُ شَهْرَآشُوبَ:عَنِ الْبَاقِرِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: يُرِيدُ اللّٰهُ بِكُمُ الْيُسْرَ وَ لاٰ يُرِيدُ بِكُمُ الْعُسْرَ .

قَالَ:«الْيُسْرُ:أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ،وَ الْعُسْرُ:فُلاَنٌ وَ فُلاَنٌ».

99-/868 _1- (al-Manāqib 3:103): Ibn Shahrāshūb: from al-Bāqir (peace be upon him), regarding His saying, Exalted: “Allah desires ease for you and does not desire difficulty for you.” He said: Ease is the Commander of the Faithful, and difficulty is so-and-so and so-and-so.

99-/869 _2- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنِ الثُّمَالِيِّ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: يُرِيدُ اللّٰهُ بِكُمُ الْيُسْرَ وَ لاٰ يُرِيدُ بِكُمُ الْعُسْرَ .قَالَ:«الْيُسْرُ:عَلِيٌّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،وَ فُلاَنٌ وَ فُلاَنٌ الْعُسْرُ،فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْ وُلْدِ آدَمَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)لَمْ يَدْخُلْ فِي وَلاَيَةِ فُلاَنٍ وَ فُلاَنٍ».

99-/869 _2- (Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:191/82): Al-‘Ayyāshī: from al-Thumālī, from Abū Ja‘far (peace be upon him), regarding Allah’s saying: “Allah desires ease for you and does not desire difficulty for you.” He said: Ease is ‘Alī (peace be upon him), and so-and-so and so-and-so are difficulty. Whoever from the children of Adam did not enter into the allegiance of so-and-so and so-and-so...

99-/870 _3- أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْبَرْقِيُّ:عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ،رَفَعَهُ ،فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: يُرِيدُ اللّٰهُ بِكُمُ الْيُسْرَ وَ لاٰ يُرِيدُ بِكُمُ الْعُسْرَ «الْيُسْرُ:اَلْوَلاَيَةُ،وَ الْعُسْرُ:اَلْخِلاَفُ،وَ مُوَالاَةُ أَعْدَاءِ اللَّهِ».

99-/870 _3- (al-Maḥāsin 199/186): Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khālid al-Barqī: from some of our companions, raised (to the Imam), regarding Allah’s saying, Mighty and Majestic: “Allah desires ease for you and does not desire difficulty for you.” Ease is the wilāyah (allegiance to the Imams), and difficulty is opposition and taking the enemies of Allah as allies.

99-/871 _4- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا،رَفَعَهُ ،فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ لِتُكَبِّرُوا اللّٰهَ عَلىٰ مٰا هَدٰاكُمْ .

قَالَ:«التَّكْبِيرُ:اَلتَّعْظِيمُ [1]،وَ الْهِدَايَةُ:اَلْوَلاَيَةُ».

99-/871 _4- (al-Maḥāsin 36/142): And from him: from some of our companions, raised (to the Imam), regarding Allah’s saying, Mighty and Majestic: “And that you should exalt the greatness of Allah for having guided you.” He said: Takbīr is magnification [1], and guidance is wilāyah.

99-/872 _5- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ،[عَنْ أَبِيهِ] [2]،عَنْ خَلَفِ بْنِ حَمَّادٍ،عَنْ سَعِيدٍ النَّقَّاشِ،قَالَ:قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)لِي: «أَمَا إِنَّ فِي لَيْلَةِ الْفِطْرِ تَكْبِيراً،وَ لَكِنَّهُ مَسْنُونٌ [3]».

قَالَ:قُلْتُ:وَ أَيْنَ هُوَ؟قَالَ:«فِي لَيْلَةِ الْفِطْرِ؛فِي الْمَغْرِبِ وَ الْعِشَاءِ الْآخِرَةِ،وَ فِي صَلاَةِ الْفَجْرِ،وَ فِي صَلاَةِ الْعِيدِ، ثُمَّ يُقْطَعُ».

قَالَ:قُلْتُ:كَيْفَ أَقُولُ؟قَالَ:«تَقُولُ:اَللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ،اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ،لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ،وَ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ،اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ،وَ لِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ،اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ عَلَى مَا هَدَانَا؛وَ هُوَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ لِتُكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ يَعْنِي الصِّيَامَ وَ لِتُكَبِّرُوا اللّٰهَ عَلىٰ مٰا هَدٰاكُمْ ».

99-/872 _5- (al-Kāfī 4:1/166): Muhammad ibn Ya‘qūb: from ‘Alī ibn Muhammad, from Ahmad ibn Abī ‘Abdillāh, [from his father] [2], from Khalaf ibn Hammād, from Sa‘īd al-Naqqāsh, who said: Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him) said to me: Verily there is a takbīr on the night of al-Fiṭr, but it is sunna [3]. He said: I asked: And where is it? He said: On the night of al-Fiṭr: at Maghrib and ‘Ishā’ al-Ākhirah, and in the Fajr prayer, and in the prayer of the ‘Īd; then it is cut off. He said: I asked: How do I say it? He said: You say: Allāhu akbar, Allāhu akbar; lā ilāha illā Allāh; wa Allāhu akbar, Allāhu akbar; wa lillāhi al-ḥamd; Allāhu akbar ‘alā mā hadānā. And it is the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: “And that you should complete the number”—meaning the fast—“and that you should exalt the greatness of Allah for having guided you.”

99-/873 _6- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ سَعِيدٍ النَّقَّاشِ،قَالَ:سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَقُولُ: «إِنَّ فِي الْفِطْرِ لَتَكْبِيراً،وَ لَكِنَّهُ مَسْنُونٌ،كَبِّرْ فِي الْمَغْرِبِ لَيْلَةَ الْفِطْرِ،وَ فِي الْعَتَمَةِ،وَ الْفَجْرِ،وَ فِي صَلاَةِ الْعِيدِ،وَ هُوَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: وَ لِتُكَبِّرُوا اللّٰهَ عَلىٰ مٰا هَدٰاكُمْ وَ التَّكْبِيرُ أَنْ تَقُولَ:اَللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ،اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ،لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ،وَ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ،اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ [4]،وَ لِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ».

قَالَ:وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَمْرٍو:اَلتَّكْبِيرُ الْأَخِيرُ أَرْبَعُ مَرَّاتٍ.

99-/873 _6- (Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:193/82): Al-‘Ayyāshī: from Sa‘īd al-Naqqāsh, who said: I heard Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him) say: Indeed there is a takbīr in (the night of) Fiṭr, but it is sunna. Make takbīr at Maghrib on the night of Fiṭr, and at ‘Atamah (‘Ishā’), and Fajr, and in the ‘Īd prayer. And it is Allah’s saying: “And that you should exalt the greatness of Allah for having guided you.” And the takbīr is that you say: Allāhu akbar, Allāhu akbar; lā ilāha illā Allāh; wa Allāhu akbar, Allāhu akbar [4]; wa lillāhi al-ḥamd. He said: And in Abū ‘Amr’s narration: the final takbīr is four times.

99-/874 _7- عَنْ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ،عَنْ رَجُلٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ:جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ،مَا يُتَحَدَّثُ بِهِ عِنْدَنَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)صَامَ تِسْعَةً وَ عِشْرِينَ أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا صَامَ ثَلاَثِينَ،أَ حَقٌّ هَذَا؟ قَالَ:«مَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ مِنْ هَذَا حَرْفاً،مَا صَامَهُ النَّبِيُّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)إِلاَّ ثَلاَثِينَ،لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ: وَ لِتُكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)يَنْقُصُهُ؟!».

99-/874 _7- (Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:194/82): From Abū ‘Umayr, from a man, from Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him). He said: I said to him: May I be your ransom! It is said among us that the Prophet (may Allah bless him and his family) fasted twenty-nine more often than he fasted thirty. Is this true? He said: Allah did not create a single letter of this! The Prophet (may Allah bless him and his family) did not fast it except thirty, because Allah says: “And that you should complete the number.” Would the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) then diminish it?!

99-/875 _8- عَنْ سَعِيدٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «إِنَّ فِي الْفِطْرِ تَكْبِيراً».

قَالَ:قُلْتُ:مَا التَّكْبِيرُ إِلاَّ فِي يَوْمِ النَّحْرِ.

قَالَ:«فِيهِ تَكْبِيرٌ وَ لَكِنَّهُ مَسْنُونٌ:فِي الْمَغْرِبِ وَ الْعِشَاءِ وَ الْفَجْرِ وَ الظُّهْرِ وَ الْعَصْرِ وَ رَكْعَتَيِ الْعِيدِ».

99-/875 _8- (al-Kāfī 4:1/166): From Sa‘īd, from Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him), who said: Indeed in (the night/day of) Fiṭr there is takbīr. He said: I said: There is no takbīr except on the Day of Sacrifice. He said: There is takbīr in it, but it is sunna: at Maghrib, ‘Ishā’, Fajr, Ẓuhr, ‘Aṣr, and the two rak‘ahs of the ‘Īd.

[1] في المصدر زيادة:للّه.

[1] fī al-masdar ziyādah: lillāh.

[2] أثبتناه من المصدر،و هو الصواب،انظر مجمع الرجال 2:271،معجم رجال الحديث 7:63.

[2] athbatnāhu mina al-masdar, wa huwa al-ṣawāb, unẓur Majma‘ al-Rijāl 2:271, Ma‘jam Rijāl al-Hadīth 7:63.

[3] في المصدر:مستور.

[3] fī al-masdar: mastūr.

[4] (اللّه أكبر)ليس في المصدر.

[4] (“Allāhu akbar”) laysa fī al-masdar.

_7) -التهذيب 4:425/153.

_8) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:182/80.

_9) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:183/80.

_10) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:185/80.

_11) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:185/80.

_12) -مجمع البيان 2:497.

_3) -المحاسن:199/186.

_4) -المحاسن:36/142.

_5) -الكافي 4:1/166.

_6) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:193/82.

_7) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:194/82.

_7) -al-Tahdhīb 4:425/153.

_8) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:182/80.

_9) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:183/80.

_10) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:185/80.

_11) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:185/80.

_12) -Majma‘ al-Bayān 2:497.

_3) -al-Maḥāsin: 199/186.

_4) -al-Maḥāsin: 36/142.

_5) -al-Kāfī 4:1/166.

_6) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:193/82.

_7) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:194/82.

قوله تعالى:

وَ إِذٰا سَأَلَكَ عِبٰادِي عَنِّي فَإِنِّي قَرِيبٌ أُجِيبُ دَعْوَةَ الدّٰاعِ إِذٰا دَعٰانِ فَلْيَسْتَجِيبُوا لِي وَ لْيُؤْمِنُوا بِي لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْشُدُونَ[186]

Qur’an 2:186 (M. H. Shakir): And when My servants ask you concerning Me, then surely I am very near; I answer the prayer of the suppliant when he calls on Me, so they should answer My call and believe in Me that they may walk in the right way.

99-/876 _1- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي،عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ دَاوُدَ الْمِنْقَرِيِّ [1]،عَنْ حَمَّادٍ،قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):أَشْغَلُ نَفْسِي بِالدُّعَاءِ لِإِخْوَانِي وَ لِأَهْلِ الْوَلاَيَةِ،فَمَا تَرَى فِي ذَلِكَ؟ قَالَ:«إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى يَسْتَجِيبُ دُعَاءَ غَائِبٍ لِغَائِبٍ،وَ مَنْ دَعَا لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ وَ لِأَهْلِ مَوَدَّتِنَا،رَدَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ آدَمَ إِلَى أَنْ تَقُومَ السَّاعَةُ،لِكُلِّ مُؤْمِنٍ حَسَنَةً».

ثُمَّ قَالَ:«إِنَّ اللَّهَ فَرَضَ الصَّلَوَاتِ فِي أَفْضَلِ السَّاعَاتِ،فَعَلَيْكُمْ بِالدُّعَاءِ فِي أَدْبَارِ الصَّلَوَاتِ»ثُمَّ دَعَا لِي [2]وَ لِمَنْ حَضَرَهُ.

99-/876 _1- (Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:67; al-Kāfī 2:1/354): ‘Alī ibn Ibrāhīm said: My father narrated to me, from al-Qāsim ibn Muhammad, from Sulaymān ibn Dāwūd al-Minqarī [1], from Ḥammād, who said: I said to Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him): I occupy myself with supplicating for my brothers and for the people of (our) allegiance; what do you think of that? He said: Verily Allah, Blessed and Exalted, answers the supplication of one absent for another absent. And whoever supplicates for the believing men and believing women and for the people of our love, Allah will return to him—for every believer from Adam until the Hour is established—one good deed. Then he said: Indeed Allah obligated the prayers in the best hours, so adhere to supplication after the obligatory prayers. Then he supplicated for me [2] and for those present.

99-/877 _2- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ،قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي الْحَسَنِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ،إِنِّي قَدْ سَأَلْتُ اللَّهَ حَاجَةً مُنْذُ كَذَا وَ كَذَا سَنَةً،وَ قَدْ دَخَلَ قَلْبِي مِنْ إِبْطَائِهَا شَيْءٌ.

فَقَالَ:«يَا أَحْمَدُ،إِيَّاكَ وَ الشَّيْطَانَ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ عَلَيْكَ سَبِيلٌ حَتَّى يُقَنِّطَكَ،إِنَّ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ(صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ)كَانَ يَقُولُ:

إِنَّ الْمُؤْمِنَ يَسْأَلُ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ حَاجَةً،فَيُؤَخِّرُ عَنْهُ تَعْجِيلَ إِجَابَتِهَا،حُبّاً لِصَوْتِهِ وَ اسْتِمَاعِ نَحِيبِهِ».

ثُمَّ قَالَ:«وَ اللَّهِ،مَا أَخَّرَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَنِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مَا يَطْلُبُونَ مِنْ هَذِهِ الدُّنْيَا،خَيْرٌ لَهُمْ مِمَّا عَجَّلَ لَهُمْ فِيهَا،وَ أَيُّ شَيْءٍ الدُّنْيَا! إِنَّ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)كَانَ يَقُولُ:يَنْبَغِي لِلْمُؤْمِنِ أَنْ يَكُونَ دُعَاؤُهُ،فِي الرَّخَاءِ نَحْواً مِنْ دُعَائِهِ فِي الشِّدَّةِ،لَيْسَ إِذَا أُعْطِيَ فَتَرَ،فَلاَ تَمَلَّ الدُّعَاءَ،فَإِنَّهُ مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِمَكَانٍ.

99-/877 _2- (al-Kāfī 2:1/354): Muhammad ibn Ya‘qūb: from Muhammad ibn Yaḥyā, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Īsā, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abī Naṣr, who said: I said to Abū al-Hasan (peace be upon him): May I be your ransom! I have been asking Allah for a need for such-and-such years, and something has entered my heart on account of its delay. He said: O Ahmad, beware of Satan lest he should gain a way over you until he causes you to despair. Verily Abū Ja‘far (blessings of Allah be upon him) used to say: The believer asks Allah, Mighty and Majestic, for a need, and He delays hastening its answer out of love for his voice and to hear his sobbing. Then he said: By Allah, what Allah, Mighty and Majestic, delays for the believers of what they seek from this world is better for them than what He hastens for them in it. And what is this world anyway! Verily Abū Ja‘far (peace be upon him) used to say: It befits the believer that his supplication in times of ease be of a kind with his supplication in times of hardship; not that when he is given he slackens. So do not grow weary of supplication, for it has a lofty standing with Allah, Mighty and Majestic.

_8) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:195/82.

_1) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:67.

_2) -الكافي 2:1/354.

_8) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:195/82.

_1) -Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:67.

_2) -al-Kāfī 2:1/354.

[1] في«س و ط»:داود بن سليمان المنقريّ،و الصواب ما في المتن،انظر رجال النجاشيّ:488/184،و فهرست الطوسيّ:316/77.

[1] fī “S wa T”: Dāwūd ibn Sulaymān al-Minqarī, wa al-sawāb mā fī al-matn, unẓur Rijāl al-Najāshī: 488/184, wa Fihrist al-Ṭūsī: 316/77.

[2] في«ط»:له.

[2] fī “T”: lahu.