Ar-Ra'd Ayah 15
مَرِيضٌ،وَ نُعِتَ لَهُ مَاءٌ مِنْ بِئْرٍ بِالْأَحْقَافِ [1] يُسْتَشْفَى بِهِ فِي بَرَهُوتَ [2]،قَالَ:فَانْتَهَيْتُ وَ مَعِي قِرْبَةٌ وَ قَدَحٌ لِآخُذَ مِنْ مَائِهَا وَ أَصُبَّ فِي الْقِرْبَةِ وَ إِذَا بِشَيْءٍ قَدْ هَبَطَ مِنْ جَوِّ السَّمَاءِ كَهَيْئَةِ السِّلْسِلَةِ،وَ هُوَ يَقُولُ:يَا هَذَا،اسْقِنِي،السَّاعَةَ أَمُوتُ.فَرَفَعْتُ رَأْسِي،وَ رَفَعْتُ إِلَيْهِ الْقَدَحَ لِأَسْقِيَهُ،فَإِذَا رَجُلٌ فِي عُنُقِهِ سِلْسِلَةٌ،فَلَمَّا ذَهَبْتُ أُنَاوِلُهُ الْقَدَحَ،اجْتُذِبَ مِنِّي حَتَّى عُلِّقَ بِالشَّمْسِ،ثُمَّ أَقْبَلْتُ عَلَى الْمَاءِ أَغْتَرِفُ إِذْ أَقْبَلَ الثَّانِيَةَ وَ هُوَ يَقُولُ:اَلْعَطَشَ الْعَطَشَ،يَا هَذَا،اسْقِنِي، السَّاعَةَ أَمُوتُ.فَرَفَعْتُ الْقَدَحَ لِأَسْقِيَهُ،فَاجْتُذِبَ مِنِّي حَتَّى عُلِّقَ بِالشَّمْسِ،حَتَّى فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ الثَّالِثَةَ،فَقُمْتُ وَ شَدَدْتُ قِرْبَتِي وَ لَمْ أَسْقِهِ.
فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):ذَاكَ قَابِيلُ بْنُ آدَمَ الَّذِي قَتَلَ أَخَاهُ،وَ هُوَ قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ الَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِهِ لاٰ يَسْتَجِيبُونَ لَهُمْ بِشَيْءٍ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: إِلاّٰ فِي ضَلاٰلٍ ».
Translation:
A man was ill, and water from a well in Al-Ahqāf [1] was prescribed for him to seek healing by it in Barahūt [2]. He said: I arrived with a water-skin and a cup to take from its water and pour into the skin, when something descended from the sky like a chain, saying: O man, give me something to drink; I will die this very moment. I raised my head and lifted the cup to give him drink, and there was a man with a chain around his neck. When I went to hand him the cup, it was snatched from me until it was hung upon the sun. Then I turned back to the water to draw, when he came a second time, saying: Thirst! Thirst! O man, give me drink; I will die this very moment. I raised the cup to give him drink, and it was snatched from me until it was hung upon the sun. He did that a third time, so I stood up, tightened my water-skin, and did not give him drink.
The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) said: That was Qābīl son of Ādam, who killed his brother; and it is His saying, Mighty and Majestic: “And those whom they call upon besides Him do not answer them at all … to His saying: ‘except in error.’”
Qur’an 13:14
وَلَهُ دَعْوَةُ الْحَقِّ ۚ وَالَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِهِ لَا يَسْتَجِيبُونَ لَهُم بِشَيْءٍ إِلَّا كَبَاسِطِ كَفَّيْهِ إِلَى الْمَاءِ لِيَبْلُغَ فَاهُ وَمَا هُوَ بِبَالِغِهِ ۚ وَمَا دُعَاءُ الْكَافِرِينَ إِلَّا فِي ضَلَالٍ
M. H. Shakir: To Him is due the true prayer; and those whom they call upon besides Him do not answer them with anything but as one who stretches forth his hands to water that it may reach his mouth, and it will never reach it; and the prayer of the unbelievers is only in error.
قوله تعالى:
وَ لِلّٰهِ يَسْجُدُ مَنْ فِي السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ طَوْعاً وَ كَرْهاً وَ ظِلاٰلُهُمْ بِالْغُدُوِّ وَ الْآصٰالِ [15]
Qur’an 13:15
وَلِلَّهِ يَسْجُدُ مَن فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ طَوْعًا وَكَرْهًا وَظِلَالُهُم بِالْغُدُوِّ وَالْآصَالِ
M. H. Shakir: And whoever is in the heavens and the earth makes obeisance to Allah only, willingly and unwillingly, and their shadows too at morn and eve.
/5507 _1-
قال عليّ بن إبراهيم:قوله: وَ لِلّٰهِ يَسْجُدُ مَنْ فِي السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ طَوْعاً وَ كَرْهاً وَ ظِلاٰلُهُمْ بِالْغُدُوِّ وَ الْآصٰالِ قال:بالعشي،قال:ظل المؤمن يسجد طوعا،و ظل الكافر يسجد كرها،و هو نموهم و حركتهم و زيادتهم و نقصانهم.
Translation:
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‘Alī ibn Ibrāhīm said regarding His saying: “And whoever is in the heavens and the earth makes obeisance to Allah only, willingly and unwillingly, and their shadows too at morn and eve”: He said, “At evening.” He said: The shadow of the believer prostrates willingly, and the shadow of the unbeliever prostrates unwillingly; and that is their growth, movement, increase, and decrease.
99-/5508 _2-
قَالَ:وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي الْجَارُودِ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِهِ: وَ لِلّٰهِ يَسْجُدُ مَنْ فِي السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ طَوْعاً وَ كَرْهاً الْآيَةَ:«أَمَّا مَنْ يَسْجُدُ مِنْ أَهْلِ السَّمَاوَاتِ طَوْعاً،فَالْمَلاَئِكَةُ يَسْجُدُونَ لِلَّهِ طَوْعاً،أَمَّا مَنْ يَسْجُدُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْأَرْضِ طَوْعاً،فَمَنْ [3] وُلِدَ فِي الْإِسْلاَمِ فَهُوَ يَسْجُدُ لَهُ طَوْعاً،وَ أَمَّا مَنْ يَسْجُدُ لَهُ كَرْهاً،فَمَنْ أُجْبِرَ عَلَى الْإِسْلاَمِ،وَ أَمَّا مَنْ لَمْ يَسْجُدْ فَظِلُّهُ يَسْجُدُ لَهُ بِالْغَدَاةِ وَ الْعَشِيِّ».
Translation:
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He said: And in the narration of Abū al-Jārūd, from Abū Ja‘far (peace be upon him), regarding His saying: “And whoever is in the heavens and the earth makes obeisance to Allah only, willingly and unwillingly …”: As for those among the inhabitants of the heavens who prostrate willingly, they are the angels who prostrate to Allah willingly. As for those among the inhabitants of the earth who prostrate willingly, it is whoever was born in Islam; he prostrates to Him willingly. And as for those who prostrate to Him unwillingly, they are those who were compelled to Islam. And as for whoever did not prostrate, his shadow prostrates to Him in the morning and evening.
99-/5509 _3-
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَسْبَاطٍ،عَنْ غَالِبِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى: وَ ظِلاٰلُهُمْ بِالْغُدُوِّ وَ الْآصٰالِ .
قَالَ:«هُوَ الدُّعَاءُ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ وَ قَبْلَ غُرُوبِهَا،وَ هِيَ سَاعَةُ إِجَابَةٍ».
Translation:
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Muhammad ibn Ya‘qūb—from ‘Alī ibn Ibrāhīm, from his father, from ‘Alī ibn Asbāt, from Ghālib ibn ‘Abd Allāh—from Abū ‘Abd Allāh (peace be upon him), regarding the saying of Allah, Blessed and Exalted: “and their shadows at morn and eve.”
He said: “It is supplication before sunrise and before sunset, and it is an hour of response.”
/5510 _4-
العيّاشيّ:عن عبد اللّه بن ميمون القداح،قال:سمعت زيد بن علي يقول:يا معشر من يحبنا،أ لا ينصرنا [1] من الناس أحد؟فإن الناس لو يستطيعون أن يحبونا لأحبونا،و اللّه لأحبتنا أشدّ خزانة من الذهب و الفضة، إن اللّه خلق ما هو خالق ثمّ جعلهم أظلة،ثمّ تلا هذه الآية وَ لِلّٰهِ يَسْجُدُ مَنْ فِي السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ طَوْعاً وَ كَرْهاً الآية،ثمّ أخذ ميثاقنا و ميثاق شيعتنا،فلا ينقص منها واحد،و لا يزداد فينا واحد.
Translation:
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Al-‘Ayyāshī—from ‘Abd Allāh ibn Maymūn al-Qaddāh, who said: I heard Zayd ibn ‘Alī say: O community of those who love us, will none among the people help us [1]? For if people were able to love us, they would love us. By Allah, our lovers are more tightly safeguarded than gold and silver treasure. Indeed, Allah created what He created, then made them shades, then he recited this verse: “And whoever is in the heavens and the earth makes obeisance to Allah only, willingly and unwillingly …” Then He took our covenant and the covenant of our Shī‘a; not one of them will be diminished, nor will one be added among us.
قوله تعالى:
قُلْ مَنْ رَبُّ السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ -إلى قوله تعالى- قُلِ اللّٰهُ خٰالِقُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَ هُوَ الْوٰاحِدُ الْقَهّٰارُ [16]
Qur’an 13:16
قُلْ مَنْ رَبُّ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۖ قُلِ اللَّهُ ۚ قُلْ أَفَاتَّخَذْتُم مِّن دُونِهِ أَوْلِيَاءَ لَا يَمْلِكُونَ لِأَنفُسِهِمْ نَفْعًا وَلَا ضَرًّا ۚ قُلْ هَلْ يَسْتَوِي الْأَعْمَىٰ وَالْبَصِيرُ أَمْ هَلْ تَسْتَوِي الظُّلُمَاتُ وَالنُّورُ ۗ أَمْ جَعَلُوا لِلَّهِ شُرَكَاءَ خَلَقُوا كَخَلْقِهِ فَتَشَابَهَ الْخَلْقُ عَلَيْهِمْ ۚ قُلِ اللَّهُ خَالِقُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَهُوَ الْوَاحِدُ الْقَهَّارُ
M. H. Shakir: Say: Who is the Lord of the heavens and the earth? Say: Allah. Say: Do you then take besides Him guardians who do not control any profit or harm for themselves? Say: Are the blind and the seeing alike? Or can the darknesses be equal with the light? Or have they set up with Allah associates who have created as He has created, so that the creation became confused to them? Say: Allah is the Creator of all things, and He is the One, the Supreme.
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قال عليّ بن إبراهيم: قُلْ مَنْ رَبُّ السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ قُلِ اللّٰهُ قُلْ أَ فَاتَّخَذْتُمْ مِنْ دُونِهِ أَوْلِيٰاءَ لاٰ يَمْلِكُونَ لِأَنْفُسِهِمْ نَفْعاً وَ لاٰ ضَرًّا قُلْ هَلْ يَسْتَوِي الْأَعْمىٰ وَ الْبَصِيرُ يعني المؤمن و الكافر أَمْ هَلْ تَسْتَوِي الظُّلُمٰاتُ وَ النُّورُ أما الظلمات فالكفر،و أمّا النور فهو الإيمان،ثمّ قال في قوله: قُلْ مَنْ رَبُّ السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ قُلِ اللّٰهُ :الآية محكمة.
Translation:
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‘Alī ibn Ibrāhīm said: “Say: Who is the Lord of the heavens and the earth? Say: Allah. Say: Do you then take besides Him guardians who do not control any profit or harm for themselves? Say: Are the blind and the seeing alike?”—meaning the believer and the unbeliever. “Or can the darknesses be equal with the light?” As for the darknesses, they are disbelief, and as for the light, it is faith. Then he said regarding His saying: “Say: Who is the Lord of the heavens and the earth? Say: Allah”: the verse is decisive (muhkam).
قوله تعالى:
أَنْزَلَ مِنَ السَّمٰاءِ مٰاءً فَسٰالَتْ أَوْدِيَةٌ -إلى قوله تعالى- وَ مَأْوٰاهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ وَ بِئْسَ الْمِهٰادُ [17-18]
Qur’an 13:17
أَنزَلَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً فَسَالَتْ أَوْدِيَةٌ بِقَدَرِهَا فَاحْتَمَلَ السَّيْلُ زَبَدًا رَّابِيًا ۚ وَمِمَّا يُوقِدُونَ عَلَيْهِ فِي النَّارِ ابْتِغَاءَ حِلْيَةٍ أَوْ مَتَاعٍ زَبَدٌ مِثْلُهُ ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ يَضْرِبُ اللَّهُ الْحَقَّ وَالْبَاطِلَ ۚ فَأَمَّا الزَّبَدُ فَيَذْهَبُ جُفَاءً ۖ وَأَمَّا مَا يَنفَعُ النَّاسَ فَيَمْكُثُ فِي الْأَرْضِ ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ يَضْرِبُ اللَّهُ الْأَمْثَالَ
M. H. Shakir: He sends down water from the cloud, then watercourses flow according to their measure, and the torrent bears along the swelling foam, and from what they melt in the fire for the sake of making ornaments or apparatus arises a scum like it; thus does Allah compare truth and falsehood; then as for the scum, it passes away as a worthless thing; and as for that which does good to the people, it tarries in the earth; thus does Allah set forth parables.
Qur’an 13:18
لِلَّذِينَ اسْتَجَابُوا لِرَبِّهِمُ الْحُسْنَىٰ ۚ وَالَّذِينَ لَمْ يَسْتَجِيبُوا لَهُ لَوْ أَنَّ لَهُم مَّا فِي الْأَرْضِ جَمِيعًا وَمِثْلَهُ مَعَهُ لَافْتَدَوْا بِهِ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ لَهُمْ سُوءُ الْحِسَابِ وَمَأْوَاهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ ۖ وَبِئْسَ الْمِهَادُ
M. H. Shakir: For those who respond to their Lord is good; and (as for) those who do not respond to Him, had they all that is in the earth and the like of it with it they would certainly offer it as a ransom; (as for) those, an evil reckoning shall be theirs, and their abode is hell, and evil is the resting-place.
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و قال عليّ بن إبراهيم:قوله: أَنْزَلَ مِنَ السَّمٰاءِ مٰاءً فَسٰالَتْ أَوْدِيَةٌ بِقَدَرِهٰا يقول:الكبير على قدر كبره،و الصغير على قدر صغره: فَاحْتَمَلَ السَّيْلُ زَبَداً رٰابِياً وَ مِمّٰا يُوقِدُونَ عَلَيْهِ فِي النّٰارِ ابْتِغٰاءَ حِلْيَةٍ أَوْ مَتٰاعٍ زَبَدٌ مِثْلُهُ .
Translation:
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And ‘Alī ibn Ibrāhīm said regarding His saying: “He sends down water from the sky, then valleys flow according to their measure”: The great (valley) according to its greatness, and the small according to its smallness. “Then the torrent carries a swelling foam; and from what they kindle upon in the fire to make ornaments or utensils arises a scum like it.”
المراجع:
_1) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:361.
-Tafsir al-Qummi 1:361.
_2) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:362.
-Tafsir al-Qummi 1:362.
_3) -الكافي 2:1/379.
-al-Kāfī 2:1/379.
_4) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:24/207.
-Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:24/207.
_5) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:362.
-Tafsir al-Qummi 1:362.
_6) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:362.
-Tafsir al-Qummi 1:362.
حواشي:
[1] في«س»:بين الأحقاف.
[1] fī “S”: bayna al-Ahqāf.
[2] برهوت:بفتح الأول و الثاني و ضمّ الهاء و سكون الواو،باليمن يوضع فيه أرواح الكفّار،و قيل:بئر بحضرموت،و قيل:هو اسم للبلد الذي فيه هذا البئر.«معجم البلدان 1:405».
[2] Barahūt: bi-fatḥ al-awwal wa al-thānī wa ḍamm al-hā’ wa sukūn al-wāw; in Yemen, the spirits of unbelievers are placed in it; it is said: a well in Ḥaḍramawt; and it is said: the name of the land in which this well is. “Mu‘jam al-Buldān 1:405”.
[3] في«س»و«ط»:الأرض ممن.
[3] fī “S” wa “Ṭ”: al-arḍu mimman.
[1] في المصدر:لا ينصرنا.
[1] fī al-maṣdar: lā yanṣurunā.