S 3 A 135-136

قوله تعالى:

وَ الَّذِينَ إِذٰا فَعَلُوا فٰاحِشَةً أَوْ ظَلَمُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ ذَكَرُوا اللّٰهَ فَاسْتَغْفَرُوا لِذُنُوبِهِمْ وَ مَنْ يَغْفِرُ الذُّنُوبَ إِلاَّ اللّٰهُ وَ لَمْ يُصِرُّوا عَلىٰ مٰا فَعَلُوا وَ هُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ -إلى قوله تعالى- وَ نِعْمَ أَجْرُ الْعٰامِلِينَ[135-136]

3:135-136: And those who when they commit an indecency or do injustice to their souls remember Allah and ask forgiveness for their faults—and who forgives the faults but Allah, and (who) do not knowingly persist in what they have done. (As for) these—their reward is forgiveness from their Lord, and gardens beneath which rivers flow, to abide in them; and excellent is the reward of the laborers.

99-/1919

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ أَبِي عَلِيٍّ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ النَّضْرِ،عَنْ عَمْرِو ابْنِ شِمْرٍ،عَنْ جَابِرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ لَمْ يُصِرُّوا عَلىٰ مٰا فَعَلُوا وَ هُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ .

قَالَ:«الْإِصْرَارُ هُوَ أَنْ يُذْنِبَ الذَّنْبَ فَلاَ يَسْتَغْفِرَ اللَّهَ،وَ لاَ يُحَدِّثَ نَفْسَهُ بِتَوْبَةٍ،فَذَلِكَ الْإِصْرَارُ».

99-/1919: Muhammad b. Ya‘qub, from Abu ‘Ali al-Ash‘ari, from Muhammad b. Salim, from Ahmad b. al-Nadr, from ‘Amr b. Shimr, from Jabir, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), regarding the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: “And (who) do not knowingly persist in what they have done.” He said: Persistence is that a person commits a sin and does not seek forgiveness from Allah, nor does he even talk to himself about repenting; that is persistence.

99-/1920

عَنْهُ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ،عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ الْمُؤَذِّنِ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،وَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ بَزِيعٍ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ،عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ جَابِرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) [1]-فِي حَدِيثٍ طَوِيلٍ-قَالَ يَعِظُ أَصْحَابَهُ: «وَ إِيَّاكُمْ وَ الْإِصْرَارَ عَلَى شَيْءٍ مِمَّا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي ظَهْرِ الْقُرْآنِ وَ بَطْنِهِ،وَ قَدْ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: وَ لَمْ يُصِرُّوا عَلىٰ مٰا فَعَلُوا وَ هُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ [2]يَعْنِي الْمُؤْمِنِينَ قَبْلَكُمْ،إِذَا نَسُوا شَيْئاً مِمَّا اشْتَرَطَ اللَّهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ عَرَفُوا أَنَّهُمْ قَدْ عَصَوْا فِي تَرْكِهِمْ ذَلِكَ الشَّيْءَ،فَاسْتَغْفَرُوا وَ لَمْ يَعُودُوا إِلَى تَرْكِهِ، فَذَلِكَ مَعْنَى قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: وَ لَمْ يُصِرُّوا عَلىٰ مٰا فَعَلُوا وَ هُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ ».

99-/1920: From him; he said: ‘Ali b. Ibrahim narrated to me, from his father, from Ibn Faddal, from Hafs b. al-Mu’adhdhin, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), and from Muhammad b. Isma‘il b. Bazi‘, from Muhammad b. Sinan, from Isma‘il b. Jabir, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), in a long narration, that he exhorted his companions: Beware of persisting in anything Allah, Exalted, has forbidden in the outward and inward (meanings) of the Quran. Allah, Exalted, has said: “And (who) do not knowingly persist in what they have done,” meaning the believers before you—when they forgot something of what Allah stipulated in His Book, they recognized that in neglecting that matter they had disobeyed, so they sought forgiveness and did not return to neglecting it; that is the meaning of Allah’s saying: “And (who) do not knowingly persist in what they have done.”

99-/1921

الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ أَبِي عَمْرٍو الزُّبَيْرِيِّ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «رَحِمَ اللَّهُ عَبْداً لَمْ يَرْضَ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ أَنْ يَكُونَ إِبْلِيسُ نَظِيراً لَهُ فِي دِينِهِ،وَ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ نَجَاةٌ مِنَ الرَّدَى،وَ بَصِيرَةٌ مِنَ الْعَمَى،وَ دَلِيلٌ إِلَى الْهُدَى، وَ شِفَاءٌ لِمَا فِي الصُّدُورِ فِيمَا أَمَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِهِ مِنَ الاِسْتِغْفَارِ وَ التَّوْبَةِ،قَالَ اللَّهُ: وَ الَّذِينَ إِذٰا فَعَلُوا فٰاحِشَةً أَوْ ظَلَمُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ ذَكَرُوا اللّٰهَ فَاسْتَغْفَرُوا لِذُنُوبِهِمْ وَ مَنْ يَغْفِرُ الذُّنُوبَ إِلاَّ اللّٰهُ وَ لَمْ يُصِرُّوا عَلىٰ مٰا فَعَلُوا وَ هُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ وَ قَالَ:

وَ مَنْ يَعْمَلْ سُوءاً أَوْ يَظْلِمْ نَفْسَهُ ثُمَّ يَسْتَغْفِرِ اللّٰهَ يَجِدِ اللّٰهَ غَفُوراً رَحِيماً [3] فَهَذَا مَا أَمَرَ اللَّهُ بِهِ مِنَ الاِسْتِغْفَارِ، وَ اشْتَرَطَ مَعَهُ بِالتَّوْبَةِ وَ الْإِقْلاَعِ عَمَّا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ،فَإِنَّهُ يَقُولُ: إِلَيْهِ يَصْعَدُ الْكَلِمُ الطَّيِّبُ وَ الْعَمَلُ الصّٰالِحُ يَرْفَعُهُ [4]

وَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ تَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ الاِسْتِغْفَارَ لاَ يَرْفَعُهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى إِلاَّ الْعَمَلُ الصَّالِحُ وَ التَّوْبَةُ».

99-/1921: Al-‘Ayyashi, from Abu ‘Amr al-Zubayri, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), said: May Allah have mercy on a servant who is not content that Iblis be his counterpart in his religion. In the Book of Allah there is deliverance from ruin, sight after blindness, guidance to right direction, and a healing for what is in the breasts—namely, what Allah, Exalted, has commanded you of seeking forgiveness and repentance. Allah said: “And those who, when they commit an indecency or do injustice to their souls, remember Allah and ask forgiveness for their faults—and who forgives the faults but Allah—and (who) do not knowingly persist in what they have done.” And He said: “And whoever does evil or wrongs himself, then seeks forgiveness of Allah, he shall find Allah Forgiving, Merciful.” This is what Allah commanded of seeking forgiveness, and He conditioned it with repentance and refraining from what Allah has forbidden; for He says: “To Him do ascend the good words; and the good deeds lift them up.” And this verse indicates that seeking forgiveness is not raised up to Allah, Exalted, except by righteous deed and repentance.

99-/1922

عَنْ جَابِرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: وَ مَنْ يَغْفِرُ الذُّنُوبَ إِلاَّ اللّٰهُ وَ لَمْ يُصِرُّوا عَلىٰ مٰا فَعَلُوا وَ هُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ .

قَالَ:«الْإِصْرَارُ أَنْ يُذْنِبَ الْعَبْدُ وَ لاَ يَسْتَغْفِرَ اللَّهَ،وَ لاَ يُحَدِّثَ نَفْسَهُ بِالتَّوْبَةِ،فَذَلِكَ الْإِصْرَارُ».

الشَّيْخُ وَرَّامٌ:عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ الْجُعْفِيِّ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى: وَ لَمْ يُصِرُّوا عَلىٰ مٰا فَعَلُوا وَ هُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ مِثْلَهُ [1].

99-/1922: From Jabir, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), regarding the saying of Allah: “And who forgives the sins but Allah—and (who) do not knowingly persist in what they have done.” He said: Persistence is that the servant sins and does not seek forgiveness from Allah, nor even considers repentance; that is persistence. Shaykh Warram: from Jabir b. Yazid al-Ju‘fi, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), regarding the saying of Allah, Blessed and Exalted: “And (who) do not knowingly persist in what they have done”—the same (meaning).

99-/1923

ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْحِمْيَرِيُّ،عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ الْبَغْدَادِيِّ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَعْبَدٍ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ النَّوْفَلِيِّ،عَنْ فِطْرِ بْنِ خَلِيفَةَ،عَنِ الصَّادِقِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ: وَ الَّذِينَ إِذٰا فَعَلُوا فٰاحِشَةً أَوْ ظَلَمُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ ذَكَرُوا اللّٰهَ فَاسْتَغْفَرُوا لِذُنُوبِهِمْ صَعِدَ إِبْلِيسُ جَبَلاً بِمَكَّةَ،يُقَالُ لَهُ:ثَوْرٌ،فَصَرَخَ بِأَعْلَى صَوْتِهِ بِعَفَارِيتِهِ فَاجْتَمَعُوا إِلَيْهِ،فَقَالُوا:يَا سَيِّدَنَا،لِمَ تَدْعُونَا [2]؟!قَالَ:نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ،فَمَنْ لَهَا؟فَقَامَ عِفْرِيتٌ مِنَ الشَّيَاطِينِ،فَقَالَ:أَنَا لَهَا بِكَذَا وَ كَذَا.فَقَالَ:لَسْتَ لَهَا.

فَقَامَ آخَرُ فَقَالَ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ،فَقَالَ:لَسْتَ لَهَا.فَقَالَ الْوَسْوَاسُ الْخَنَّاسُ:أَنَا لَهَا.فَقَالَ:بِمَاذَا؟قَالَ:أَعِدُهُمْ وَ أُمَنِّيهِمْ حَتَّى يُوَاقِعُوا الْخَطِيئَةَ،فَإِذَا وَاقَعُوا الْخَطِيئَةَ أَنْسَيْتُهُمُ الاِسْتِغْفَارَ.فَقَالَ:أَنْتَ لَهَا.فَوَكَّلَهُ بِهَا إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ».

99-/1923: Ibn Babawayh said: My father narrated to me, saying: ‘Abdullah b. Ja‘far al-Himyari narrated to us, from Musa b. Ja‘far b. Wahb al-Baghdadi, from ‘Ali b. Ma‘bad, from ‘Ali b. Sulayman al-Nawfali, from Fitr b. Khalifah, from al-Sadiq Ja‘far b. Muhammad (peace be upon him), who said: When this verse was revealed—“And those who, when they commit an indecency or do injustice to their souls, remember Allah and ask forgiveness for their faults”—Iblis ascended a mountain in Mecca called Thawr, and he cried out at the top of his voice to his demon lieutenants, so they gathered to him. They said, “Our master, why have you called us?” He said, “This verse has been revealed—who will deal with it?” A demon from among the devils stood up and said, “I will, by such and such.” He said, “You are not fit for it.” Another stood and said the like, and he said, “You are not fit for it.” Then the Whisperer, the slinking one, said, “I will handle it.” He said, “How?” He replied, “I will make them promises and fill them with vain hopes until they fall into sin; when they have fallen into sin, I will make them forget seeking forgiveness.” He said, “You are the one for it,” and he appointed him over it until the Day of Resurrection.

99-/1924

عَنْهُ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ(رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ)،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْهَمْدَانِيُّ، قَالَ:أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ صَالِحِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ التَّمِيمِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ دَاوُدَ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ هِشَامٍ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ،عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ،عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ تَمِيمٍ الدَّوْسِيِّ،قَالَ: دَخَلَ مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)بَاكِياً،فَسَلَّمَ فَرَدَّ عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمَ،ثُمَّ قَالَ:«مَا يُبْكِيكَ،يَا مُعَاذُ»؟ فَقَالَ:يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ،إِنَّ بِالْبَابِ شَابّاً طَرِيَّ الْجَسَدِ،نَقِيَّ اللَّوْنِ،حَسَنَ الصُّورَةِ،يَبْكِي عَلَى شَبَابِهِ بُكَاءَ الثَّكْلَى عَلَى وَلَدِهَا،يُرِيدُ الدُّخُولَ عَلَيْكَ.

فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):«أَدْخِلْ عَلَيَّ الشَّابَّ،يَا مُعَاذُ»فَأَدْخَلَهُ عَلَيْهِ،فَسَلَّمَ،فَرَدَّ عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ،فَقَالَ:«مَا يُبْكِيكَ،يَا شَابُّ»؟فَقَالَ:وَ كَيْفَ لاَ أَبْكِي وَ قَدْ رَكِبْتُ ذُنُوباً إِنْ أَخَذَنِيَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِبَعْضِهَا أَدْخَلَنِي نَارَ جَهَنَّمَ،وَ لاَ أَرَانِي إِلاَّ سَيَأْخُذُنِي بِهَا،وَ لاَ يَغْفِرُهَا لِي أَبَداً.

فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):«هَلْ أَشْرَكْتَ بِاللَّهِ شَيْئاً»؟قَالَ:أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ أَنْ أُشْرِكَ بِرَبِّي شَيْئاً.

قَالَ:«أَ قَتَلْتَ النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ»؟قَالَ:لاَ.

فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):«يَغْفِرُ اللَّهُ لَكَ ذُنُوبَكَ،وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ مِثْلَ الْجِبَالِ الرَّوَاسِي»قَالَ الشَّابُّ:فَإِنَّهَا أَعْظَمُ مِنَ الْجِبَالِ الرَّوَاسِي.

فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):«يَغْفِرُ اللَّهُ لَكَ ذُنُوبَكَ،وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ مِثْلَ الْأَرَضِينَ السَّبْعِ،وَ بِحَارِهَا،وَ رِمَالِهَا، وَ أَشْجَارِهَا،وَ مَا فِيهَا مِنَ الْخَلْقِ»قَالَ:فَإِنَّهَا أَعْظَمُ مِنَ الْأَرَضِينَ وَ بِحَارِهَا وَ رِمَالِهَا وَ أَشْجَارِهَا وَ مَا فِيهَا مِنَ الْخَلْقِ [1].

فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):«يَغْفِرُ اللَّهُ لَكَ ذُنُوبَكَ،وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ مِثْلَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ نُجُومِها،وَ مِثْلَ الْعَرْشِ وَ الْكُرْسِيِّ»قَالَ:فَإِنَّهَا أَعْظَمُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ.

فَنَظَرَ النَّبِيُّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)كَهَيْئَةِ الْغَضْبَانِ،ثُمَّ قَالَ:«وَيْحَكَ يَا شَابُّ،ذُنُوبُكَ أَعْظَمُ مِنْ رَبِّكَ»؟فَخَرَّ الشَّابُّ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ،وَ هُوَ يَقُولُ:سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ رَبِّي،مَا مِنْ شَيْءٍ أَعْظَمَ مِنْ رَبِّي،رَبِّي أَعْظَمُ يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ،اللَّهُ أَعْظَمُ مِنْ كُلِّ عَظِيمٍ.

فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):«فَهَلْ يَغْفِرُ الذَّنْبَ الْعَظِيمَ إِلاَّ الرَّبُّ الْعَظِيمُ»؟فَقَالَ الشَّابُّ:لاَ وَ اللَّهِ،يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ.ثُمَّ سَكَتَ الشَّابُّ.فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):«وَيْحَكَ-يَا شَابُّ-أَ لاَ تُخْبِرُنِي بِذَنْبٍ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ ذُنُوبِكَ»؟.

قَالَ:بَلَى،أُخْبِرُكَ،أَنِّي كُنْتُ أَنْبِشُ الْقُبُورَ سَبْعَ سِنِينَ،أُخْرِجُ الْأَمْوَاتَ وَ أَنْزِعُ الْأَكْفَانَ،فَمَاتَتْ جَارِيَةٌ مِنْ بَعْضِ بَنَاتِ الْأَنْصَارِ،فَلَمَّا حُمِلَتْ إِلَى قَبْرِهَا وَ دُفِنَتْ،وَ انْصَرَفَ عَنْهَا أَهْلُهَا،وَ جَنَّ عَلَيْهِمُ اللَّيْلُ،أَتَيْتُ قَبْرَهَا فَنَبَشْتُهَا،ثُمَّ اسْتَخْرَجْتُهَا وَ نَزَعْتُ مَا كَانَ عَلَيْهَا مِنَ أَكْفَانِهَا،وَ تَرَكْتُهَا مُجَرَّدَةً عَلَى شَفِيرِ قَبْرِهَا وَ مَضَيْتُ مُنْصَرِفاً،فَأَتَانِي الشَّيْطَانُ فَأَقْبَلَ يُزَيِّنُهَا لِي،وَ يَقُولُ:أَ مَا تَرَى بَطْنَهَا وَ بَيَاضَهَا،أَ مَا تَرَى وَرِكَيْهَا؟!فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يَقُولُ لِي هَذَا حَتَّى رَجَعْتُ إِلَيْهَا،وَ لَمْ أَمْلِكْ نَفْسِي حَتَّى جَامَعْتُهَا وَ تَرَكْتُهَا مَكَانَهَا،فَإِذَا أَنَا بِصَوْتٍ مِنْ وَرَائِي،يَقُولُ:يَا شَابُّ،وَيْلٌ لَكَ مِنْ دَيَّانِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ، يَوْمَ يَقِفُنِي وَ إِيَّاكَ كَمَا تَرَكْتَنِي عُرْيَانَةً فِي عَسْكَرِ الْمَوْتَى [2]،وَ نَزَعْتَنِي مِنْ حُفْرَتِي وَ سَلَبْتَنِي أَكْفَانِي،وَ تَرَكْتَنِي أَقُومُ جُنُبَةً إِلَى حِسَابِي،فَوَيْلٌ لِشَبَابِكَ مِنَ النَّارِ.فَمَا أَظُنُّ أَنِّي أَشَمُّ رَائِحَةَ الْجَنَّةِ أَبَداً،فَمَا تَرَى لِي،يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):«تَنَحَّ عَنِّي يَا فَاسِقُ،إِنِّي أَخَافُ أَنْ أَحْتَرِقَ بِنَارِكَ،فَمَا أَقْرَبَكَ مِنَ النَّارِ!».

ثُمَّ لَمْ يَزَلْ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)يَقُولُ وَ يُشِيرُ إِلَيْهِ حَتَّى أَمْعَنَ مِنْ بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ فَذَهَبَ،فَأَتَى الْمَدِينَةَ فَتَزَوَّدَ مِنْهَا،ثُمَّ أَتَى بَعْضَ جِبَالِهَا فَتَعَبَّدَ فِيهَا،وَ لَبِسَ مِسْحاً،وَ غَلَّ يَدَيْهِ جَمِيعاً إِلَى عُنُقِهِ،وَ نَادَى:يَا رَبِّ،هَذَا عَبْدُكَ بُهْلُولٌ،بَيْنَ يَدَيْكَ مَغْلُولٌ،يَا رَبِّ أَنْتَ الَّذِي تَعْرِفُنِي،وَ زَلَّ مِنِّي مَا تَعْلَمُ يَا سَيِّدِي،يَا رَبِّ،إِنِّي أَصْبَحْتُ مِنَ النَّادِمِينَ،وَ أَتَيْتُ نَبِيَّكَ تَائِباً فَطَرَدَنِي وَ زَادَنِي خَوْفاً،فَأَسْأَلُكَ بِاسْمِكَ وَ جَلاَلِكَ وَ عَظَمَةِ سُلْطَانِكَ أَنْ لاَ تُخَيِّبَ رَجَائِي،سَيِّدِي وَ لاَ تَبْطُلْ دُعَائِي وَ لاَ تُقَنِّطْنِي مِنْ رَحْمَتِكَ.فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يَقُولُ ذَلِكَ أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْماً وَ لَيْلَةً،تَبْكِي لَهُ السِّبَاعُ وَ الْوُحُوشُ،فَلَمَّا تَمَّ لَهُ أَرْبَعُونَ يَوْماً وَ لَيْلَةً رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ،وَ قَالَ:اَللَّهُمَّ مَا فَعَلْتَ فِي حَاجَتِي؟إِنْ كُنْتَ اسْتَجَبْتَ دُعَائِي،وَ غَفَرْتَ خَطِيئَتِي،فَأَوْحِ

إِلَى نَبِيِّكَ،وَ إِنْ لَمْ تَسْتَجِبْ دُعَائِي،وَ لَمْ تَغْفِرْ لِي خَطِيئَتِي،وَ أَرَدْتَ عُقُوبَتِي،فَعَجِّلْ بِنَارٍ تُحْرِقُنِي أَوْ عُقُوبَةٍ فِي الدُّنْيَا تُهْلِكُنِي،وَ خَلِّصْنِي مِنْ فَضِيحَةِ يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ.فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى عَلَى نَبِيِّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): وَ الَّذِينَ إِذٰا فَعَلُوا فٰاحِشَةً يَعْنِي الزِّنَا أَوْ ظَلَمُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ يَعْنِي بِارْتِكَابِ ذَنْبٍ أَعْظَمَ مِنَ الزِّنَا،وَ نَبْشِ الْقُبُورِ،وَ أَخْذِ الْأَكْفَانِ ذَكَرُوا اللّٰهَ فَاسْتَغْفَرُوا لِذُنُوبِهِمْ يَقُولُ:خَافُوا اللَّهَ فَعَجَّلُوا التَّوْبَةَ وَ مَنْ يَغْفِرُ الذُّنُوبَ إِلاَّ اللّٰهُ يَقُولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ:أَتَاكَ عَبْدِي-يَا مُحَمَّدُ-تَائِباً فَطَرَدْتَهُ،فَأَيْنَ يَذْهَبُ،وَ إِلَى مَنْ يَقْصِدُ،وَ مَنْ يَسْأَلُ أَنْ يَغْفِرَ لَهُ ذَنْباً غَيْرِي؟! ثُمَّ قَالَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ لَمْ يُصِرُّوا عَلىٰ مٰا فَعَلُوا وَ هُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ يَقُولُ:لَمْ يُقِيمُوا عَلَى الزِّنَا،وَ نَبْشِ الْقُبُورِ، وَ أَخْذِ الْأَكْفَانِ أُولٰئِكَ جَزٰاؤُهُمْ مَغْفِرَةٌ مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ وَ جَنّٰاتٌ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهٰارُ خٰالِدِينَ فِيهٰا وَ نِعْمَ أَجْرُ الْعٰامِلِينَ .

فَلَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)خَرَجَ وَ هُوَ يَتْلُوهَا وَ يَتَبَسَّمُ [1].فَقَالَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ:«مَنْ يَدُلُّنِي عَلَى ذَلِكَ الشَّابِّ»؟فَقَالَ مُعَاذٌ:يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ،بَلَغَنَا أَنَّهُ فِي مَوْضِعِ كَذَا وَ كَذَا.فَمَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) بِأَصْحَابِهِ حَتَّى انْتَهَوْا إِلَى ذَلِكَ الْجَبَلِ،فَصَعِدُوا إِلَيْهِ يَطْلُبُونَ الشَّابَّ،فَإِذَا هُمْ بِالشَّابِّ قَائِمٌ بَيْنَ صَخْرَتَيْنِ،مَغْلُولَةً يَدَاهُ إِلَى عُنُقِهِ،قَدِ اسْوَدَّ وَجْهُهُ،وَ تَسَاقَطَتْ أَشْفَارُ عَيْنَيْهِ مِنَ الْبُكَاءِ،وَ هُوَ يَقُولُ:سَيِّدِي،قَدْ أَحْسَنْتَ خَلْقِي وَ أَحْسَنْتَ صُورَتِي،فَلَيْتَ شِعْرِي مَا ذَا تُرِيدُ بِي،أَ فِي النَّارِ تُحْرِقُنِي أَمْ فِي جِوَارِكَ تُسْكِنُنِي؟ اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّكَ قَدْ أَكْثَرْتَ الْإِحْسَانَ إِلَيَّ وَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيَّ،فَلَيْتَ شِعْرِي مَاذَا يَكُونُ آخِرُ أَمْرِي،إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ تَزُفُّنِي،أَمْ إِلَى النَّارِ تَسُوقُنِي؟اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّ خَطِيئَتِي أَعْظَمُ مِنَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ الْأَرَضِينَ،وَ مِنْ كُرْسِيِّكَ الْوَاسِعِ،وَ عَرْشِكَ الْعَظِيمِ، فَلَيْتَ شِعْرِي تَغْفِرُ خَطِيئَتِي،أَمْ تَفْضَحُنِي بِهَا يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ؟ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يَقُولُ نَحْوَ هَذَا وَ هُوَ يَبْكِي وَ يَحْثُو التُّرَابَ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ،وَ قَدْ أَحَاطَتْ بِهِ السِّبَاعُ،وَ صَفَّتْ فَوْقَهُ الطَّيْرُ وَ هُمْ يَبْكُونَ لِبُكَائِهِ،فَدَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)فَأَطْلَقَ يَدَيْهِ مِنْ عُنُقِهِ،وَ نَفَضَ التُّرَابَ عَنْ رَأْسِهِ،وَ قَالَ:«يَا بُهْلُولُ، أَبْشِرْ فَإِنَّكَ عَتِيقُ اللَّهِ مِنَ النَّارِ»ثُمَّ قَالَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)لِأَصْحَابِهِ:«هَكَذَا تَدَارَكُوا الذُّنُوبَ،كَمَا تَدَارَكَهَا بُهْلُولٌ»ثُمَّ تَلاَ عَلَيْهِ مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِيهِ،وَ بَشَّرَهُ بِالْجَنَّةِ.

99-/1924: From him, he said: Muhammad b. Ibrahim b. Ishaq (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated to us, saying: Ahmad b. Muhammad al-Hamdani narrated to us, who said: Ahmad b. Salih b. Sa‘d al-Tamimi informed us, who said: Musa b. Dawud narrated to us, who said: al-Walid b. Hisham narrated to us, who said: Hisham b. Hassan narrated to us, from al-Hasan b. Abi al-Hasan al-Basri, from ‘Abd al-Rahman b. Tamim al-Dawsi, who said: Mu‘adh b. Jabal entered upon the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) weeping. He greeted him, and he returned the greeting, then said, “What makes you weep, O Mu‘adh?” He replied, “O Messenger of Allah, there is at the door a youth, soft of body, fair in complexion, handsome in form, weeping over his youth like a bereaved mother weeps over her child, seeking permission to enter upon you.” The Prophet said, “Admit the youth to me, O Mu‘adh.” He admitted him, and he greeted, and the Prophet returned the greeting and said, “What makes you weep, O young man?” He said, “How should I not weep, when I have committed sins such that if Allah, Mighty and Majestic, were to take me to task for some of them, He would admit me into the Fire of Hell—and I see that He will indeed take me to task for them—and that He will never forgive them for me.” The Messenger of Allah said, “Have you associated anything with Allah?” He said, “I seek refuge in Allah from associating anything with my Lord.” He said, “Have you killed a soul which Allah has forbidden?” He said, “No.” The Prophet said, “Allah will forgive your sins even if they are like the firmly-set mountains.” The youth said, “They are greater than the firmly-set mountains.” The Prophet said, “Allah will forgive your sins even if they are like the seven earths, their seas, their sands, their trees, and what is in them of creatures.” He said, “They are greater than the earths, their seas, their sands, their trees, and what is in them of creatures.” The Prophet said, “Allah will forgive your sins even if they are like the heavens and their stars, and like the Throne and the Footstool.” He said, “They are greater than that.” The Prophet then looked as one angry and said, “Woe to you, young man! Are your sins greater than your Lord?” The youth fell on his face and said, “Glory be to Allah, my Lord! Nothing is greater than my Lord. My Lord is greater, O Prophet of Allah; Allah is greater than every great thing.” The Prophet said, “And who forgives a great sin but the Great Lord?” He said, “No, by Allah, O Messenger of Allah.” Then the youth was silent. The Prophet said to him, “Woe to you, young man—will you not tell me one sin among your sins?” He said, “Yes, I will tell you. I used to exhume graves for seven years, bringing out the dead and stripping the shrouds. A girl from among the daughters of the Ansar died. When she was carried to her grave and buried, and her family left her and night fell upon them, I came to her grave and exhumed it. I brought her out and stripped from her what was upon her of shrouds, and left her naked on the edge of her grave and started to go away. Then Satan came to me and began to adorn her to me, saying, ‘Do you not see her belly and its fairness? Do you not see her hips?’ He continued saying this to me until I went back to her, and I could not control myself until I had intercourse with her and left her where she was. Then I heard a voice behind me saying, ‘Young man, woe to you from the Judge of the Day of Judgment—the day He will make me and you stand as you left me naked among the camp of the dead, when you pulled me from my pit, stripped me of my shrouds, and left me to rise impure to my reckoning. Woe to your youth from the Fire. I do not think I shall ever smell the scent of Paradise. What do you see for me, O Messenger of Allah?’ The Prophet said, ‘Get away from me, O profligate! I fear that I might be burned by your fire. How near you are to the Fire!’ He continued saying this and gesturing to him until he went far from before him and left. The youth went to Medina and provisioned himself from it, then came to one of its mountains and devoted himself to worship there. He wore a hair garment, shackled his hands together to his neck, and cried out: ‘O Lord, this is Your servant Buhlul, bound before You. O Lord, You are the One who knows me, and from me slipped what You know, O my Master. O Lord, I have awoken among the remorseful, and I came to Your Prophet repentant, but he drove me away and increased my fear. So I ask You by Your Name, Your Majesty, and the greatness of Your authority, that You not disappoint my hope, my Master; do not nullify my supplication, and do not make me despair of Your mercy.’ He continued saying that for forty days and nights, so that the beasts and wild animals wept for him. When forty days and nights were complete for him, he raised his hands to the sky and said, ‘O Allah, what have You done regarding my need? If You have answered my supplication and forgiven my offense, then reveal (that) to Your Prophet; and if You have not answered my supplication and have not forgiven my offense and You intend to punish me, then hasten a fire to burn me or a punishment in this world to destroy me, and deliver me from the disgrace of the Day of Resurrection.’ Then Allah, Blessed and Exalted, revealed to His Prophet (may Allah bless him and his family): “And those who, when they commit an indecency”—meaning fornication—“or do injustice to their souls”—meaning by committing a sin greater than fornication, exhuming graves, and taking shrouds—“remember Allah, then ask forgiveness for their sins”—that is, they feared Allah and hastened to repent—“and who forgives the sins but Allah?” Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says: ‘Your servant came to you, O Muhammad, repentant, and you drove him away. Where then is he to go? To whom is he to turn? Who is there to ask to forgive his sin besides Me?’ Then He, Mighty and Majestic, said: “And (who) do not knowingly persist in what they have done”—that is, they did not persist in fornication, exhuming graves, and taking shrouds—“Those—their reward is forgiveness from their Lord and gardens beneath which rivers flow, to abide therein; and excellent is the reward of the laborers.” When this verse was revealed to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family), he came out reciting it and smiling. He said to his companions, “Who will guide me to that youth?” Mu‘adh said, “O Messenger of Allah, it has reached us that he is in such-and-such a place.” The Messenger of Allah went with his companions until they reached that mountain, and they climbed it seeking the youth. They found him standing between two rocks, his hands shackled to his neck; his face had blackened and the lashes of his eyes had fallen from weeping. He was saying: “My Master, You have made my creation good and made my form good—oh, that I knew what You intend for me! Will You burn me in the Fire or lodge me near You? O Allah, You have increased beneficence to me and bestowed favors upon me—oh, that I knew what my end will be! Will You lead me to Paradise, or drive me to the Fire? O Allah, my offense is greater than the heavens and the earths, and than Your vast Footstool and Your mighty Throne—oh, that I knew: will You forgive my offense, or will You disgrace me with it on the Day of Resurrection?” He continued saying words like this while weeping and throwing dust on his head; beasts had surrounded him and birds were lined up above him, all weeping at his weeping. The Messenger of Allah drew near, released his hands from his neck, brushed the dust from his head, and said, “O Buhlul, rejoice, for you are Allah’s freedman from the Fire.” Then he said to his companions, “In this way recover (yourselves) from sins, just as Buhlul recovered himself.” Then he recited to him what Allah, Mighty and Majestic, had revealed about him, and gave him the good news of Paradise.

قوله تعالى:

إِنْ يَمْسَسْكُمْ قَرْحٌ فَقَدْ مَسَّ الْقَوْمَ قَرْحٌ مِثْلُهُ وَ تِلْكَ الْأَيّٰامُ نُدٰاوِلُهٰا بَيْنَ النّٰاسِ وَ لِيَعْلَمَ اللّٰهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَ يَتَّخِذَ مِنْكُمْ شُهَدٰاءَ وَ اللّٰهُ لاٰ يُحِبُّ الظّٰالِمِينَ[140]

3:140: If a wound has afflicted you, a wound like it has also afflicted the people; and We bring these days to men by turns, and that Allah may know those who believe and take witnesses from among you; and Allah does not love the unjust.

المراجع:

_1) -الكافي 2:2/219.

al-Kafi 2:2/219.

_2) -الكافي 8:1/10.

al-Kafi 8:1/10.

_3) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:143/198.

Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:143/198.

_4) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:144/198.

Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:144/198.

_5) -الأمالي:5/376.

al-Amali 5:376.

_6) -الأمالي:3/45.

al-Amali 3:45.

الهوامش:

[1] في المصدر زيادة:قال:و حدّثني الحسن بن محمّد،عن جعفر بن محمّد بن مالك الكوفيّ،عن القاسم بن الربيع الصّحّاف،عن إسماعيل بن مخلّد السّرّاج،عن أبي عبد اللّه(عليه السّلام)

[1] Fi al-masdar ziyadah: qala: wa haddathani al-Hasan b. Muhammad, ‘an Ja‘far b. Muhammad b. Malik al-Kufi, ‘an al-Qasim b. al-Rabi‘ al-Sahhaf, ‘an Isma‘il b. Makhlad al-Sarraj, ‘an Abi ‘Abdillah (alayhi al-salam)

[2] في المصدر زيادة:إلى ها هنا رواية القاسم بن الربيع.

[2] Fi al-masdar ziyadah: ila ha huna riwayat al-Qasim b. al-Rabi‘.

[3] النّساء 4:110.

[3] al-Nisa’ 4:110.

[4] فاطر 35:10.

[4] Fatir 35:10.

[1] مجموعة ورّام 1:18.

[1] Majmu‘at Warram 1:18.

[2] في المصدر:دعوتنا.

[2] Fi al-masdar: da‘awtana.

[3] في«س و ط»:الحسن بن الحسن،و الصواب ما في المتن،روى عنه هشام بن حسّان،راجع تهذيب الكمال 6:95-126،سير أعلام النبلاء 4: 563-588.

[3] Fi “S wa T”: al-Hasan b. al-Hasan, wa al-sawab ma fi al-matn; rawa ‘anhu Hisham b. Hassan; raji‘ Tahdhib al-Kamal 6:95-126; Siyar A‘lam al-Nubala’ 4:563-588.

ترجمة الآيات المذكورة داخل النص بحسب محمد حسين شاكر:

وَ مَنْ يَعْمَلْ سُوءاً أَوْ يَظْلِمْ نَفْسَهُ ثُمَّ يَسْتَغْفِرِ اللّٰهَ يَجِدِ اللّٰهَ غَفُوراً رَحِيماً — 4:110

4:110: And whoever does evil or wrongs himself, then seeks forgiveness of Allah, he shall find Allah Forgiving, Merciful.

إِلَيْهِ يَصْعَدُ الْكَلِمُ الطَّيِّبُ وَ الْعَمَلُ الصّٰالِحُ يَرْفَعُهُ — 35:10

35:10: To Him do ascend the good words; and the good deeds lift them up.