S 2 A 67-73
قوله تعالى:
وَ إِذْ قٰالَ مُوسىٰ لِقَوْمِهِ إِنَّ اللّٰهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تَذْبَحُوا بَقَرَةً قٰالُوا أَ تَتَّخِذُنٰا هُزُواً قٰالَ أَعُوذُ بِاللّٰهِ أَنْ أَكُونَ مِنَ الْجٰاهِلِينَ[67]
قٰالُوا ادْعُ لَنٰا رَبَّكَ يُبَيِّنْ لَنٰا مٰا هِيَ قٰالَ إِنَّهُ يَقُولُ إِنَّهٰا بَقَرَةٌ لاٰ فٰارِضٌ وَ لاٰ بِكْرٌ عَوٰانٌ بَيْنَ ذٰلِكَ فَافْعَلُوا مٰا تُؤْمَرُونَ[68]
قٰالُوا ادْعُ لَنٰا رَبَّكَ يُبَيِّنْ لَنٰا مٰا لَوْنُهٰا قٰالَ إِنَّهُ يَقُولُ إِنَّهٰا بَقَرَةٌ صَفْرٰاءُ فٰاقِعٌ لَوْنُهٰا تَسُرُّ النّٰاظِرِينَ[69]
قٰالُوا ادْعُ لَنٰا رَبَّكَ يُبَيِّنْ لَنٰا مٰا هِيَ إِنَّ الْبَقَرَ تَشٰابَهَ عَلَيْنٰا وَ إِنّٰا إِنْ شٰاءَ اللّٰهُ لَمُهْتَدُونَ[70]
قٰالَ إِنَّهُ يَقُولُ إِنَّهٰا بَقَرَةٌ لاٰ ذَلُولٌ تُثِيرُ الْأَرْضَ وَ لاٰ تَسْقِي الْحَرْثَ مُسَلَّمَةٌ لاٰ شِيَةَ فِيهٰا قٰالُوا الْآنَ جِئْتَ بِالْحَقِّ فَذَبَحُوهٰا وَ مٰا كٰادُوا يَفْعَلُونَ[71]
وَ إِذْ قَتَلْتُمْ نَفْساً فَادّٰارَأْتُمْ فِيهٰا وَ اللّٰهُ مُخْرِجٌ مٰا كُنْتُمْ تَكْتُمُونَ[72] فَقُلْنٰا اضْرِبُوهُ بِبَعْضِهٰا كَذٰلِكَ يُحْيِ اللّٰهُ الْمَوْتىٰ وَ يُرِيكُمْ آيٰاتِهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَعْقِلُونَ[73]
Quran 2:67-73 (M. H. Shakir)
And when Musa said to his people: Surely Allah commands you that you should sacrifice a cow; they said: Do you ridicule us? He said: I seek the protection of Allah from being one of the ignorant. They said: Call on your Lord for our sake to make it plain to us what she is. Musa said: He says, Surely she is a cow neither advanced in age nor too young, of middle age between that; so do what you are commanded. They said: Call on your Lord for our sake to make it plain to us what her color is. Musa said: He says, Surely she is a yellow cow; her color is intensely yellow, giving delight to the beholders. They said: Call on your Lord for our sake to make it plain to us what she is, for surely to us the cow is all alike, and if Allah please we shall surely be guided aright. Musa said: He says, Surely she is a cow not made submissive that she should plow the land, nor does she water the tilth; sound, without blemish in her. They said: Now you have brought the truth. So they sacrificed her, though they had not the mind to do (it). And when you killed a man, then you disagreed with respect to that, and Allah was to bring forth that which you were going to hide. So We said: Strike the (dead body) with part of the (sacrificed cow); thus Allah brings the dead to life, and He shows you His signs so that you may understand.
قَالَ الْإِمَامُ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لِيَهُودِ الْمَدِينَةِ: وَ اذْكُرُوا إِذْ قٰالَ مُوسىٰ لِقَوْمِهِ إِنَّ اللّٰهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تَذْبَحُوا بَقَرَةً ...»
<<some Arabic missing>>
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Imam al-‘Askari (peace be upon him) said: “Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said to the Jews of Medina: And remember when Musa said to his people: Surely Allah commands you that you should sacrifice a cow… and that you strike this murdered man among you with some part of it, so that he may rise by Allah’s leave, alive and sound, and inform you of his killer; that was when the slain man was thrown among them.
Musa (peace be upon him), by Allah’s command, bound the people of that quarter to have fifty of their notables swear by Allah, the Mighty and Strong, the God of the Children of Israel—Who preferred Muhammad and his pure Household over all creatures—saying: ‘We did not kill him, nor do we know his killer.’ If they swore thus, they would be liable for the blood-money of the slain. If they refused, they must point out the killer, or the killer must confess so that retaliation be exacted from him; and if they did none of that, they would be imprisoned in a harsh confinement until they swore, confessed, or testified against the killer.
They said: ‘O Prophet of Allah, will our oaths not offset our wealth, nor our wealth offset our oaths?’ He said: ‘No. This is Allah’s ruling.’
The cause was that a beautiful woman, of complete character, distinguished merit, noble lineage, and strong modesty, had many suitors. She had three cousins; she consented to marry the best of them in knowledge and the most modest. The other two cousins envied him for her, because she preferred the one she preferred. They took their approved cousin to a banquet, then killed him and carried him to the quarter of the largest clan of the Israelites, and threw him among them by night. In the morning the slain man was found; his case became known. The two murderous cousins came, tore their garments in feigned grief, threw dust upon their heads, and lodged a complaint against that clan. Musa (peace be upon him) summoned them and questioned them; they denied killing him or knowing his killer.
Allah ruled regarding this incident what you have heard; they were bound to it. They said: ‘O Musa, what benefit is there in our oaths if they do not avert from us the heavy fine? Or what benefit is there in our payment if it does not avert the oaths?’ Musa said: ‘All benefit lies in obeying Allah, complying with His command, and refraining from what He forbids.’
They said: ‘A heavy fine though we have no crime, and solemn oaths though there is no right against our necks! If only Allah would show us the killer and spare us the burden; so call upon your Lord for us to make the killer clear, so that the deserved punishment may descend upon him and his matter be exposed to people of understanding.’
Musa said: ‘Allah has clarified what I am to judge in this, and it is not for me to propose to Him other than what He has decreed, nor to object to what He has commanded. Do you not see that when He forbade work on the Sabbath and the flesh of the camel, it was not for us to propose that He change what He had ordained for us, but rather to submit to His ruling and adhere to what He imposed?’ He was about to judge them by what he judged others in similar incidents.
Then Allah revealed to him: ‘O Musa, answer them in what they propose, and ask Me to clarify the killer so that he be killed and the others be safe from accusation and liability; for I only intend, by answering their proposal, to expand the provision of a man from among the best of your community—whose religion is sending blessings upon Muhammad and his pure Household, and who prefers Muhammad and, after him, ‘Ali over all creatures. I will enrich him in this world through this story as part of the recompense for his magnifying Muhammad and his Household.’
Musa said: ‘My Lord, make the killer clear to us.’ Allah revealed to him: ‘Say to the Children of Israel: Allah will make this clear to you by commanding you to sacrifice a cow, then strike the slain man with some of it so he will live. Accept this from the Lord of the worlds; otherwise, desist from questioning and adhere to the apparent ruling.’
This is what Allah related: And when Musa said to his people: Surely Allah commands you that you should sacrifice a cow—if you want to discover the killer—strike the slain man with some of it so he will live and inform you of the killer. They said, ‘O Musa, do you make a mockery of us—do you claim that Allah has commanded us to slaughter a cow and take a piece of a dead animal to strike a dead man, and one of the two dead will live by contact with a part of the other—how can this be?!’ Musa said: ‘I seek refuge in Allah from being ignorant: that I should ascribe to Allah what He did not tell me, or oppose Allah’s command by measuring it against what I have witnessed, rejecting His word and command.’
Then Musa said: ‘Is not a man’s fluid a lifeless drop, and a woman’s fluid likewise? Two dead fluids meet, and Allah produces from the meeting of the two dead a sound living human. And are not the seeds you sow in your land decomposed and putrid—dead—and then there emerge from them these fine, delightful ears and these tall, pleasing trees?’ When Musa overwhelmed them with argument, they said: ‘O Musa, call upon your Lord for us to make plain to us what she is—what her description is—so that we may recognize her.’ Musa asked his Lord; He said: ‘She is a cow neither old nor young—of middle age between that—so do what you are commanded.’ They said: ‘O Musa, call upon your Lord for us to make plain to us what her color is—this cow you command us to slaughter.’ Allah said, after their question and his answer: ‘She is a yellow cow—her yellowness is vivid, neither tending to white nor saturated tending to black—so bright that she delights the onlookers with her splendor, beauty, and sheen.’ They said: ‘Call upon your Lord for us to make plain to us what she is—add further to her description.’
Allah said: ‘She is a cow not subdued to plow the earth, nor to water the crop—not one that draws lifting devices or turns waterwheels—exempt from all that; sound from every defect, without blemish therein—no other color in her.’ When they heard these descriptions, they said: ‘O Musa, has our Lord commanded us to slaughter a cow with these very traits?’ He said: ‘Yes.’ Musa had not stated that at the outset, for had he said ‘Allah has commanded you,’ then when they asked him to define her and her color, he would not have needed to ask Allah again but could have replied: ‘He commanded you to a cow; whatever falls under the name cow will fulfill His command once you slaughter it.’
When the matter settled upon that specific cow, they sought it and found it only with a young man from the Israelites whom Allah had shown in a dream Muhammad and ‘Ali and the pure ones from their progeny. They said to him: ‘You have been a loving preferrer of us; we wish to convey to you some reward in this world. When they seek to buy your cow, do not sell it except with your mother’s approval, for Allah will inspire her with what will enrich you and your posterity.’ The youth rejoiced. The people came to purchase it. He said: ‘For two dinars, with the option to my mother.’ They said: ‘We accept for one.’ He asked his mother; she said: ‘For four.’ He told them; they said: ‘We will give two.’ He told his mother; she said: ‘For eight.’ They kept offering half of what his mother said, and she kept doubling the price, until the price reached the filling of the skin of the largest bull with dinars. They concluded the sale.
They then slaughtered it and took a piece—namely the coccyx, from which the son of Adam was created and upon which he will be reassembled when recreated—and struck him with it, saying: ‘O Allah, by the rank of Muhammad and his pure Household, give life to this dead man and make him speak to inform about his killer.’ He stood up safe and sound and said: ‘O Prophet of Allah, these two cousins of mine killed me—out of envy for my cousin, they killed me and threw me into the quarter of these people so they might take my blood-money from them.’
Musa (peace be upon him) seized the two men and executed them. Before the dead man rose, they had struck him with a piece of the cow and he did not live. They said: ‘O Prophet of Allah, where is what you promised us from Allah?’ Musa said: ‘I have spoken the truth; the matter is with Allah.’ Allah revealed to him: ‘O Musa, I do not break My promise. But let them deliver to the young man the price of his cow—the filling of a bull’s hide with dinars—then I shall revive the slain man.’ They gathered their wealth, and Allah expanded the bull’s hide. When what filled it was weighed, it amounted to five million dinars. Some of the Israelites said to Musa—in the presence of the revived slain man who had been struck with part of the cow—‘We do not know which is more wondrous: Allah’s reviving this dead man and making him speak, or His enriching this youth with such great wealth!’ Allah revealed: ‘O Musa, say to the Israelites: Whoever among you wishes his life in this world to be pleasant, and for Me to magnify his station in My Gardens and to make Muhammad his intimate companion therein, let him do as this boy did. He had heard from Musa son of ‘Imran mention of Muhammad, ‘Ali, and their pure family; he would send blessings upon them and prefer them over all jinn, humans, and angels. For that I turned great wealth to him so that he might enjoy good things, be ennobled through gifts and alms, endear himself by his beneficence to those who love, and vanquish with his spending those who are hostile.’
The youth said: ‘O Prophet of Allah, how shall I safeguard this wealth and beware the enmity of those who oppose me because of it and the envy of those who envy me for it?’ He said: ‘Invoke upon it the blessings upon Muhammad and his pure Household as you did before receiving it. He who provided it to you by that invocation, along with sound belief, will also preserve it for you and defend you.’ The youth did so; no envier reached it to spoil it, nor thief to steal it, nor usurper to seize it, except that Allah averted him from it by a subtle grace so that he would refrain from wronging him by choice, or else He would restrain him by an affliction or calamity until he desisted, and so he desisted unwillingly.
When Musa told the youth this, and Allah became his protector by virtue of what he said, the revived man prayed: ‘O Allah, I ask You by what this youth asked You—sending blessings upon Muhammad and his pure Household and seeking nearness by them—that You leave me in this world enjoying my cousin, disgrace my enemies and enviers, and grant me much wholesome good in her.’ Allah revealed: ‘O Musa, this revived youth had sixty years remaining after being killed; I have granted him, for his supplication and his seeking intercession through Muhammad and his pure Household, seventy years more—completing one hundred and thirty years—with his senses sound, his mind firm, and his desires strong; he will enjoy the lawful of this world, living without parting from it nor it from him; when his time comes, hers will come, and they will both die together, then enter My Gardens as a blissful pair.
Had this wretched killer asked Me—before his crime—by the like of what this youth sought, with sound belief, that I protect him from envy and satisfy him with what I had provided him (and that is the great dominion), I would have done so. And had he asked Me after that, along with repentance from his deed, that I not expose him, I would not have exposed him; I would have turned these people away from proposing the disclosure of the killer, and I would have enriched this youth by another means with an equal amount of wealth. And had he asked Me after being exposed, then repented to Me and sought Me through the like of this youth’s means, that I make the people forget his act—after I inspire My friends to forgo retaliation—I would have done so; no one would disgrace him for his deed nor would any remember it among them. But that is My grace; I give it to whom I will, and I am the Just, the Wise.’
When they slaughtered it, Allah said: So they sacrificed her, though they had not the mind to do it—they wanted not to do it because of the great price, but obstinacy drove them to it, and their suspicion of Musa impelled them.”
They clamored to Musa: ‘The clan is impoverished and reduced to begging; by our obstinacy we have been stripped of our little and our much; pray to Allah to expand our provision.’ Musa said: ‘Woe to you! How blind are your hearts! Did you not hear the prayer of the youth, the owner of the cow, and how Allah endowed him with wealth? Did you not hear the prayer of the revived slain man and how it bore for him long life, happiness, and enjoyment through his senses and his body and mind? Why do you not pray to Allah as they did, or seek nearness to Allah as they did, so that He might satisfy your needs, mend your breaks, and fill your lack?’ They said: ‘O Allah, to You we flee, and upon Your grace we rely; remove our poverty and fill our lack by the rank of Muhammad, ‘Ali, Fatimah, al-Hasan, al-Husayn, and the pure ones of their family.’ Allah revealed: ‘O Musa, say to them: Let your leaders go to the ruin of the Banu So-and-so, uncover at such-and-such spot—he specified the place—a little of the surface of the ground and extract what is there: it is ten million dinars. Let them restore to everyone who paid toward the price of the cow what he paid, so their circumstances return to what they were; then let them divide what remains—five million—according to what each paid in this trial, so that their wealth multiplies, as a recompense for seeking nearness by Muhammad and his pure Household and for their belief in their superiority.’
Thus Allah’s words: And when you killed a man, then you disagreed with respect to that—some of you cast the blame upon others and drove it away from yourselves and your offspring—and Allah was to bring forth what you were going to hide: the matter of the killer and what you concealed of intending to belie Musa by proposing what you thought his Lord would not grant him. So We said: Strike him with part of it; thus does Allah give life to the dead in this world and the next, as He revived the dead by contact with another dead: in this world, the man’s fluid meets the woman’s fluid and Allah brings to life what was in loins and wombs; and in the Hereafter, between the two trumpet blasts, after the first, He will send down from beneath the nearest heaven from the seething sea—of which Allah said: By the seething sea—something like semen; it will rain upon the earth and that seminal water will meet the decayed dead, and they will sprout from the earth and live. Allah said: And He shows you His signs—other signs besides these indications of His unity, the prophethood of His Prophet Musa, the excellence of Muhammad over creation, and His clarifying the excellence of his pure Household over all Allah’s creatures—so that you may understand, reflecting that He who does these wonders commands only with wisdom and chooses none but the best of those endowed with intellect.”
_1) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السلام):140/273.
- at-tafsīr al-mansūb ilā al-imām al-‘askarī (alayhi as-salām): 140/273.
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ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي(رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ)،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الْكُمُنْدَانِيُّ،وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الْعَطَّارُ،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ الْبَزَنْطِيِّ، قَالَ:سَمِعْتُ الرِّضَا(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَقُولُ: «إِنَّ رَجُلاً مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ قَتَلَ قَرَابَةً لَهُ،ثُمَّ أَخَذَهُ وَ طَرَحَهُ عَلَى طَرِيقِ أَفْضَلِ سِبْطٍ مِنْ أَسْبَاطِ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ،ثُمَّ جَاءَ يَطْلُبُ بِدَمِهِ. فَقَالُوا لِمُوسَى(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):إِنَّ سِبْطَ آلِ فُلاَنٍ قَتَلُوا فُلاَناً،فَأَخْبِرْنَا مَنْ قَتَلَهُ. قَالَ:اِئْتُونِي بِبَقَرَةٍ. قٰالُوا أَ تَتَّخِذُنٰا هُزُواً قٰالَ أَعُوذُ بِاللّٰهِ أَنْ أَكُونَ مِنَ الْجٰاهِلِينَ وَ لَوْ أَنَّهُمْ عَمَدُوا إِلَى أَيِّ بَقَرَةٍ أَجْزَأَتْهُمْ،وَ لَكِنْ شَدَّدُوا فَشَدَّدَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ. قٰالُوا ادْعُ لَنٰا رَبَّكَ يُبَيِّنْ لَنٰا مٰا هِيَ قٰالَ إِنَّهُ يَقُولُ إِنَّهٰا بَقَرَةٌ لاٰ فٰارِضٌ وَ لاٰ بِكْرٌ عَوٰانٌ بَيْنَ ذٰلِكَ وَ لَوْ أَنَّهُمْ عَمَدُوا إِلَى أَيِّ بَقَرَةٍ أَجْزَأَتْهُمْ،وَ لَكِنْ شَدَّدُوا فَشَدَّدَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ. قٰالُوا ادْعُ لَنٰا رَبَّكَ يُبَيِّنْ لَنٰا مٰا لَوْنُهٰا قٰالَ إِنَّهُ يَقُولُ إِنَّهٰا بَقَرَةٌ صَفْرٰاءُ فٰاقِعٌ لَوْنُهٰا تَسُرُّ النّٰاظِرِينَ وَ لَوْ أَنَّهُمْ عَمَدُوا إِلَى بَقَرَةٍ لَأَجْزَأَتْهُمْ،وَ لَكِنْ شَدَّدُوا فَشَدَّدَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ. قٰالُوا ادْعُ لَنٰا رَبَّكَ يُبَيِّنْ لَنٰا مٰا هِيَ إِنَّ الْبَقَرَ تَشٰابَهَ عَلَيْنٰا وَ إِنّٰا إِنْ شٰاءَ اللّٰهُ لَمُهْتَدُونَ قٰالَ إِنَّهُ يَقُولُ إِنَّهٰا بَقَرَةٌ لاٰ ذَلُولٌ تُثِيرُ الْأَرْضَ وَ لاٰ تَسْقِي الْحَرْثَ مُسَلَّمَةٌ لاٰ شِيَةَ فِيهٰا قٰالُوا الْآنَ جِئْتَ بِالْحَقِّ .فَوُجِدَتْ عِنْدَ فَتًى مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ،فَقَالَ:لاَ أَبِيعُهَا إِلاَّ بِمِلْءِ مِسْكٍ ذَهَباً. فَجَاءُوا إِلَى مُوسَى،فَقَالَ:اِشْتَرُوهَا. فَاشْتَرَوْهَا وَ ذَبَحُوهَا،وَ ضَرَبُوا الْمَيِّتَ بِذَنَبِهَا، فَحَيِيَ وَ قَالَ:يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ،إِنَّ ابْنَ عَمِّي قَتَلَنِي دُونَ مَنْ يُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ قَتْلِي.» ثُمَّ قِيلَ لِمُوسَى مِنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ: إِنَّ لِهَذِهِ الْبَقَرَةِ نَبَأً. فَقَالَ: وَ مَا هُوَ؟ قَالُوا: فَتًى بَارّاً بِأَبِيهِ تَرَكَ تِجَارَةً لِأَنَّ مَفَاتِيحَ بَيْتِهِ كَانَتْ تَحْتَ رَأْسِ أَبِيهِ فَكَرِهَ إِيقَاظَهُ، فَلَمَّا اسْتَيْقَظَ، عَوَّضَهُ أَبُوهُ هَذِهِ الْبَقَرَةَ. فَقَالَ مُوسَى: اُنْظُرْ إِلَى الْبِرِّ مَا بَلَغَ أَهْلَهُ!»
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Ibn Bâbawayh narrated… from al-Ridâ (peace be upon him): “A man from the Israelites killed a relative, then placed him on the road of the best of the Israelite tribes and came demanding his blood. They said to Musa: ‘The tribe of so-and-so killed so-and-so; tell us who killed him.’ He said: ‘Bring me a cow.’ They said: ‘Do you mock us?’ He said: ‘I seek refuge in Allah from being ignorant.’ Had they gone to any cow, it would have sufficed them; but they made it strict, so Allah made it strict for them… It was found with a youth who said: ‘I will not sell it except for the filling of its hide in gold.’ They bought it, slaughtered it, and struck the dead man with its tail; he came to life and said: ‘O Messenger of Allah, my cousin killed me, not those accused.’” It was said to Musa: ‘This cow has a story.’ He asked: ‘What is it?’ They said: ‘A youth, dutiful to his father, forfeited a sale because the keys were under his father’s head and he disliked waking him; when the father awoke, he compensated him with this cow.’ Musa said: ‘Look how far dutifulness goes with its people!’
_2) -عيون أخبار الرّضا(عليه السّلام):2:31/13.
- ‘Uyūn Akhbār ar-Ridā (alayhi as-salām): 2:31/13.
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عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ… عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، قَالَ: «إِنَّ رَجُلاً مِنْ خِيَارِ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ…» ثم ساق القصة بمثل ما تقدم، وفيه: «فَأَمَرَ مُوسَى بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ أَنْ يَذْبَحُوا تِلْكَ الْبَقَرَةَ بِعَيْنِهَا… فَاشْتَرَوْهَا بِمِلْءِ جِلْدِهَا ذَهَباً، فَذَبَحُوهَا… ثُمَّ قِيلَ: اِضْرِبُوهُ بِبَعْضِهَا وَ قُولُوا: مَنْ قَتَلَكَ؟ فَضَرَبُوهُ بِالذَّنَبِ فَقَالَ: فُلَانُ بْنُ فُلَانٍ، ابْنُ عَمِّي—الَّذِي جَاءَ بِهِ.»
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‘Ali b. Ibrahim … from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) said: “A man from the best of the Israelites…” and he related the story as above, including that Musa commanded them to slaughter that very cow; they purchased it for the filling of its skin in gold, slaughtered it, and were told: “Strike him with some of it and say: Who killed you?” They struck him with the tail, and he said: “So-and-so son of so-and-so, my cousin—the very one who brought him.”
_3) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:49.
- Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:49.
99-/510
الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ،قَالَ:سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَقُولُ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَمَرَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ أَنْ يَذْبَحُوا بَقَرَةً،وَ إِنَّمَا كَانُوا يَحْتَاجُونَ إِلَى ذَنَبِهَا،فَشَدَّدُوا،فَشَدَّدَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ».
99-/510
Al-‘Ayyashi—on the authority of al-Hasan b. ‘Ali b. Faddâl—reported that Abu al-Hasan (peace be upon him) said: “Allah commanded the Children of Israel to slaughter a cow, and they only needed its tail; but they made it strict, so Allah made it strict for them.”
_4) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:58/47.
- Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:58/47.
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عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ… إِلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «مَنْ لَبِسَ نَعْلاً صَفْرَاءَ لَمْ يَزَلْ مَسْرُوراً حَتَّى يُبْلِيَهَا،كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ: صَفْرٰاءُ فٰاقِعٌ لَوْنُهٰا تَسُرُّ النّٰاظِرِينَ». وَ قَالَ: «مَنْ لَبِسَ نَعْلاً صَفْرَاءَ لَمْ يُبْلِهَا حَتَّى يَسْتَفِيدَ عِلْماً أَوْ مَالاً».
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From al-Fadl b. Shadhan … up to Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), who said: “Whoever wears yellow sandals will remain joyful until he wears them out, just as Allah said: ‘Yellow—her color is intensely yellow, delighting the onlookers.’ And he said: ‘Whoever wears yellow sandals will not wear them out before acquiring knowledge or wealth.’”
_5) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:59/47 و 60.
- Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:59/47 wa 60.
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عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ،قَالَ:قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): إِنَّ أَهْلَ مَكَّةَ يَذْبَحُونَ الْبَقَرَةَ فِي اللَّبَبِ،فَمَا تَرَى فِي أَكْلِ لُحُومِهَا؟ فَسَكَتَ هُنَيْئَةً،ثُمَّ قَالَ: «قَالَ اللَّهُ: فَذَبَحُوهٰا وَ مٰا كٰادُوا يَفْعَلُونَ، لاَ تَأْكُلْ إِلاَّ مَا ذُبِحَ مِنْ مَذْبَحِهِ».
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From Yunus b. Ya‘qub: I said to Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him): “The people of Mecca slaughter cattle at the lubb (throat pit); what do you say about eating their meat?” He was silent a short while, then said: “Allah said: ‘So they sacrificed her, though they had not the mind to do it.’ Eat only what is slaughtered from its proper place of slaughter.”
_6) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:61/47.
- Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:61/47.
قوله تعالى:
ثُمَّ قَسَتْ قُلُوبُكُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ ذٰلِكَ فَهِيَ كَالْحِجٰارَةِ أَوْ أَشَدُّ قَسْوَةً وَ إِنَّ مِنَ الْحِجٰارَةِ لَمٰا يَتَفَجَّرُ مِنْهُ الْأَنْهٰارُ وَ إِنَّ مِنْهٰا لَمٰا يَشَّقَّقُ فَيَخْرُجُ مِنْهُ الْمٰاءُ وَ إِنَّ مِنْهٰا لَمٰا يَهْبِطُ مِنْ خَشْيَةِ اللّٰهِ وَ مَا اللّٰهُ بِغٰافِلٍ عَمّٰا تَعْمَلُونَ[74]
Quran 2:74 (M. H. Shakir)
Then your hearts hardened after that, so that they were like rocks, rather worse in hardness; and indeed there are rocks out of which rivers gush forth, and there are some of them which split asunder so that water flows from them, and there are others of them which fall down for fear of Allah, and Allah is not at all heedless of what you do.
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قَالَ الْإِمَامُ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ثُمَّ قَسَتْ قُلُوبُكُمْ—عَسَتْ وَ جَفَّتْ وَ يَبِسَتْ مِنَ الْخَيْرِ وَ الرَّحْمَةِ—مِنْ بَعْدِ ذٰلِكَ، مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا بَيَّنْتُ مِنَ الْآيَاتِ الْبَاهِرَاتِ فِي زَمَانِ مُوسَى(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، وَ مِنَ الْآيَاتِ الْمُعْجِزَاتِ الَّتِي شَاهَدْتُمُوهَا مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ).»
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Imam al-‘Askari (peace be upon him) said: “Allah, the Exalted, said: Then your hearts hardened—became tough, dry, and withered from goodness and mercy—after that, after the manifest signs I showed in the time of Musa (peace be upon him) and the miraculous signs you witnessed from Muhammad (may Allah bless him and his family).”
_1) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السّلام):141/283.
- at-tafsīr al-mansūb ilā al-imām al-‘askarī (alayhi as-salām): 141/283.
ملاحظة لغوية وتمثيلية قبل الآيات:
الرَّجُلُ التَّمِيمِيُّ… ويقول العربي أيضاً… وقول الله عز وجل في هذه الآيات إنما هو توبيخ لأسلافهم… فجائز أن يقال: أنتم فعلتم إذ رضيتم قبيح فعلهم.
<<Arabic to be reviewed>>
Translation:
An Arab tribesman will say, for example, “We raided such-and-such a town and did such-and-such,” without meaning that they themselves directly carried it out—but rather, as censure or boasting, that their people did it. Allah’s words in these verses are a rebuke to their forefathers, and a reproach in blame to these present descendants, since this is the idiom in which the Qur’an was revealed, and because these descendants are pleased with what their ancestors did and deem it right for them; thus it is permitted to say to them: “You did it,” since you approved their vile deed.