S 2 A 114

مِنْهُمْ مِائَةٌ وَ عِشْرُونَ أَلْفاً،ثُمَّ أَخَذَهُمْ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَمَاتَ مِنْهُمْ مِائَةٌ وَ عِشْرُونَ أَلْفاً أَيْضاً،وَ كَانَ خِلاَفُهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ لَمَّا بَلَغُوا الْبَابَ رَأَوْا بَاباً مُرْتَفِعاً،فَقَالُوا:مَا بَالُنَا نَحْتَاجُ إِلَى أَنْ نَرْكَعَ عِنْدَ الدُّخُولِ هَاهُنَا،ظَنَنَّا أَنَّهُ بَابٌ مُنْحَطٌّ لاَ بُدَّ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ فِيهِ،وَ هَذَا بَابٌ مُرْتَفَعٌ،إِلَى مَتَى يَسْخَرُ بِنَا هَؤُلاَءِ؟-يَعْنُونَ مُوسَى وَ يُوشَعَ بْنَ نُونٍ-وَ يُسْجِدُونَنَا فِي الْأَبَاطِيلِ، وَ جَعَلُوا أَسْتَاهَهُمْ نَحْوَ الْبَابِ،وَ قَالُوا بَدَلَ قَوْلِهِمْ:حِطَّةٌ،الَّذِي أُمِرُوا بِهِ:هطا سمقانا-يَعْنُونَ حِنْطَةً حَمْرَاءَ-فَذَلِكَ تَبْدِيلُهُمْ.

English: Of them one hundred and twenty thousand died; then after that He seized them, and another one hundred and twenty thousand of them also died. Their opposition was that when they reached the gate they saw it was high, and they said: “Why should we need to bow upon entering here? We thought it was a low gate where bowing was necessary, but this gate is high. How long will these men—meaning Musa and Yusha‘ son of Nun—mock us and make us prostrate in falsehoods?” They turned their backsides toward the gate, and instead of saying “Hittah,” which they were commanded, they said “hṭā samqānā”—meaning “red wheat.” That was their alteration.

وَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):فَهَؤُلاَءِ بَنُو إِسْرَائِيلَ نُصِبَ لَهُمْ بَابُ حِطَّةٍ،وَ أَنْتُمْ-يَا مَعْشَرَ أُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ-نُصِبَ لَكُمْ بَابُ حِطَّةٍ أَهْلُ بَيْتِ مُحَمَّدٍ(عَلَيْهِ وَ عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)،وَ أُمِرْتُمْ بِاتِّبَاعِ هُدَاهُمْ وَ لُزُومِ طَرِيقَتِهِمْ،لِيَغْفِرَ لَكُمْ بِذَلِكَ خَطَايَاكُمْ وَ ذُنُوبَكُمْ،وَ لِيَزْدَادَ الْمُحْسِنُونَ مِنْكُمْ،وَ بَابُ حِطَّتِكُمْ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ بَابِ حِطَّتِهِمْ،لِأَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ بَابَ خَشَبٍ،وَ نَحْنُ النَّاطِقُونَ الصَّادِقُونَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ الْهَادُونَ الْفَاضِلُونَ،كَمَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):إِنَّ النُّجُومَ فِي السَّمَاءِ أَمَانٌ مِنَ الْغَرَقِ،وَ إِنَّ أَهْلَ بَيْتِي أَمَانٌ لِأُمَّتِي مِنَ الضَّلاَلَةِ فِي أَدْيَانِهِمْ،لاَ يَهْلِكُونَ فِيهَا مَا دَامَ فِيهِمْ مَنْ يَتَّبِعُونَ هُدَاهُ وَ سُنَّتَهُ.

English: The Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) said: These Children of Israel were given a “Gate of Hittah.” And you—O community of Muhammad—your “Gate of Hittah” is the Household of Muhammad (peace be upon him and them). You have been commanded to follow their guidance and adhere to their way, so that by that your faults and sins may be forgiven, and that the doers of good among you may increase. Your “Gate of Hittah” is better than their gate, for that was a wooden gate, while we are the articulate, truthful, faithful, rightly-guiding, virtuous ones—just as the Messenger of Allah (blessings of Allah upon him and his family) said: “Indeed, the stars in the sky are a security from drowning, and my Household are a security for my community from going astray in their religion. They will not perish in it so long as there remains among them one whose guidance and Sunnah they follow.”

أَمَا إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)قَدْ قَالَ:مَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَحْيَا حَيَاتِي،وَ أَنْ يَمُوتَ مَمَاتِي،وَ أَنْ يَسْكُنَ جَنَّةَ عَدْنٍ الَّتِي وَعَدَنِي رَبِّي،وَ أَنْ يُمْسِكَ قَضِيباً غَرَسَهُ بِيَدِهِ،وَ قَالَ لَهُ:كُنْ فَكَانَ،فَلْيَتَوَلَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ،وَ لْيُوَالِ وَلِيَّهُ، وَ لْيُعَادِ عَدُوَّهُ،وَ لْيَتَوَلَّ ذُرِّيَّتَهُ الْفَاضِلِينَ الْمُطِيعِينَ لِلَّهِ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ،فَإِنَّهُمْ خُلِقُوا مِنْ طِينَتِي،فَرُزِقُوا فَهْمِي وَ عِلْمِي،فَوَيْلٌ لِلْمُكَذِّبِينَ بِفَضْلِهِمْ مِنْ أُمَّتِي الْقَاطِعِينَ فِيهِمْ صِلَتِي،لاَ أَنَالَهُمُ اللَّهُ شَفَاعَتِي».

English: Indeed the Messenger of Allah (blessings of Allah upon him and his family) said: Whoever wishes to live my life, die my death, dwell in the Garden of Eden which my Lord has promised me, and hold a staff which He planted with His hand and said to it “Be!”—and it was—then let him take ‘Ali son of Abi Talib as his guardian, be loyal to his loyalist, show enmity to his enemy, and be devoted to his pure progeny who obey Allah after him. For they were created from my clay, and given my understanding and knowledge. Woe to those of my community who deny their virtue and sever my bond with respect to them—may Allah not grant them my intercession.

قوله تعالى:

وَ مَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّنْ مَنَعَ مَسٰاجِدَ اللّٰهِ أَنْ يُذْكَرَ فِيهَا اسْمُهُ وَ سَعىٰ فِي خَرٰابِهٰا أُولٰئِكَ مٰا كٰانَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَدْخُلُوهٰا إِلاّٰ خٰائِفِينَ لَهُمْ فِي الدُّنْيٰا خِزْيٌ وَ لَهُمْ فِي الْآخِرَةِ عَذٰابٌ عَظِيمٌ[114]

Quran 2:114 (M. H. Shakir): And who is more unjust than he who prevents (men) from the masjids of Allah, that His name should be remembered in them, and strives to ruin them? (As for) these, it was not proper for them that they should have entered them except in fear; they shall meet with disgrace in this world, and they shall have a grievous chastisement in the hereafter.

99-/584 _1- قَالَ الْإِمَامُ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):قَالَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ): لَمَّا بَعَثَ اللَّهُ مُحَمَّداً(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)بِمَكَّةَ وَ أَظْهَرَ بِهَا دَعْوَتَهُ،وَ نَشَرَ بِهَا كَلِمَتَهُ،وَ عَابَ أَدْيَانَهُمْ فِي عِبَادَتِهِمُ الْأَصْنَامَ،وَ أَخَذُوهُ وَ أَسَاءُوا مُعَاشَرَتَهُ،وَ سَعَوْا فِي خَرَابِ الْمَسَاجِدِ الْمَبْنِيَّةِ،كَانَتْ لِقَوْمٍ مِنْ خِيَارِ أَصْحَابِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ شِيعَةِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،كَانَ بِفِنَاءِ الْكَعْبَةِ مَسَاجِدُ يُحْيُونَ فِيهَا مَا أَمَاتَهُ الْمُبْطِلُونَ،فَسَعَى هَؤُلاَءِ الْمُشْرِكُونَ فِي خَرَابِهَا،وَ أَذَى مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)وَ سَائِرِ أَصْحَابِهِ،وَ أَلْجَئُوهُ إِلَى الْخُرُوجِ مِنْ مَكَّةَ نَحْوَ الْمَدِينَةِ، الْتَفَتَ خَلْفَهُ إِلَيْهَا،فَقَالَ:اَللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ أَنِّي أُحِبُّكِ،وَ لَوْلاَ أَنَّ أَهْلَكِ أَخْرَجُونِي عَنْكِ لَمَا آثَرْتُ عَلَيْكِ بَلَداً،وَ لاَ ابْتَغَيْتُ عَنْكِ بَدَلاً،وَ إِنِّي لَمُغْتَمٌّ عَلَى مُفَارَقَتِكِ.

فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى إِلَيْهِ:يَا مُحَمَّدُ،إِنَّ الْعَلِيَّ الْأَعْلَى يَقْرَأُ عَلَيْكَ السَّلاَمَ،وَ يَقُولُ:سَأَرُدُّكَ إِلَى هَذَا الْبَلَدِ ظَافِراً غَانِماً سَالِماً قَادِراً قَاهِراً،وَ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: إِنَّ الَّذِي فَرَضَ عَلَيْكَ الْقُرْآنَ لَرٰادُّكَ إِلىٰ مَعٰادٍ يَعْنِي إِلَى مَكَّةَ ظَافِراً غَانِماً،وَ أَخْبَرَ بِذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)أَصْحَابَهُ،فَاتَّصَلَ بِأَهْلِ مَكَّةَ،فَسَخِرُوا مِنْهُ.

فَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى لِرَسُولِهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):سَوْفَ أَظْفِرُكَ بِمَكَّةَ،وَ أُجْرِي عَلَيْهِمْ حُكْمِي،وَ سَوْفَ أَمْنَعُ مِنْ دُخُولِهَا الْمُشْرِكِينَ حَتَّى لاَ يَدْخُلَهَا أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ إِلاَّ خَائِفاً،أَوْ دَخَلَهَا مُسْتَخْفِياً مِنْ أَنَّهُ إِنْ عُثِرَ عَلَيْهِ قُتِلَ.

فَلَمَّا حُتِمَ قَضَاءُ اللَّهِ بِفَتْحِ مَكَّةَ وَ اسْتَوْسَقَتْ لَهُ،أَمَّرَ عَلَيْهِمْ عَتَّابَ بْنَ أَسِيدٍ،فَلَمَّا اتَّصَلَ بِهِمْ خَبَرُهُ،قَالُوا: إِنَّ مُحَمَّداً لاَ يَزَالُ يَسْتَخِفُّ بِنَا حَتَّى وَلَّى عَلَيْنَا غُلاَماً حَدَثَ السِّنِّ ابْنَ ثَمَانِيَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً،وَ نَحْنُ مَشَايِخُ ذَوُو الْأَسْنَانِ،وَ خُدَّامُ بَيْتِ اللَّهِ الْحَرَامِ،وَ جِيرَانُ حَرَمِهِ الْآمِنِ،وَ خَيْرِ بُقْعَةٍ لَهُ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْأَرْضِ.

وَ كَتَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)لِعَتَّابِ بْنِ أَسِيدٍ عَهْداً عَلَى[أَهْلِ]مَكَّةَ،وَ كَتَبَ فِي أَوَّلِهِ:بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ،مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ إِلَى جِيرَانِ بَيْتِ اللَّهِ،وَ سُكَّانِ حَرَمِ اللَّهِ.أَمَّا بَعْدُ»وَ ذَكَرَ الْعَهْدَ وَ قَرَأَهُ عَتَّابُ بْنُ أَسِيدٍ عَلَى أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ.

ثُمَّ قَالَ الْإِمَامُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ:«ثُمَّ بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)بِعَشْرِ آيَاتٍ مِنْ سُورَةِ بَرَاءَةَ مَعَ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ،وَ فِيهَا ذِكْرُ نَبْذِ الْعُهُودِ إِلَى الْكَافِرِينَ،وَ تَحْرِيمِ قُرْبِ مَكَّةَ عَلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ،وَ أَمَرَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ عَلَى الْحَجِّ،لِيَحُجَّ بِمَنْ ضَمَّهُ الْمَوْسِمُ،وَ يَقْرَأَ الْآيَاتِ عَلَيْهِمْ،فَلَمَّا صَدَرَ عَنْهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ جَاءَهُ الْمُطَوَّقُ بِالنُّورِ جَبْرَئِيلُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،فَقَالَ:يَا مُحَمَّدُ،إِنَّ الْعَلِيَّ الْأَعْلَى يَقْرَأُ عَلَيْكَ السَّلاَمَ،وَ يَقُولُ:يَا مُحَمَّدُ،إِنَّهُ لاَ يُؤَدِّي عَنْكَ إِلاَّ أَنْتَ أَوْ رَجُلٌ مِنْكَ،فَابْعَثْ عَلِيّاً لِيَتَنَاوَلَ الْآيَاتِ،فَيَكُونَ هُوَ الَّذِي يَنْبِذُ الْعُهُودَ وَ يَقْرَأُ الْآيَاتِ.

وَ قَالَ جَبْرَئِيلُ:يَا مُحَمَّدُ،مَا أَمَرَكَ رَبُّكَ بِدَفْعِهَا إِلَى عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)وَ نَزْعِهَا مِنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ سَهْواً وَ لاَ شَكّاً،وَ لاَ اسْتِدْرَاكاً عَلَى نَفْسِهِ غَلَطاً،وَ لَكِنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُبَيِّنَ لِضُعَفَاءِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَنَّ الْمَقَامَ الَّذِي يَقُومُهُ أَخُوكَ عَلِيٌّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)لَنْ يَقُومَهُ غَيْرُهُ سِوَاكَ-يَا مُحَمَّدُ-وَ إِنْ جَلَّتْ فِي عُيُونِ هَؤُلاَءِ الضُّعَفَاءِ مَرْتَبَتُهُ،وَ عُرِفَتْ عِنْدَهُمْ مَنْزِلَتُهُ.

فَلَمَّا انْتَزَعَ عَلِيٌّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)الْآيَاتِ مِنْ يَدِهِ،لَقِيَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،فَقَالَ:بِأَبِي أَنْتَ وَ أُمِّي-يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ-أَنْتَ أَمَرْتَ عَلِيّاً أَنْ يَأْخُذَ هَذِهِ الْآيَاتِ مِنْ يَدِي؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):لاَ،وَ لَكِنَّ الْعَلِيَّ الْعَظِيمَ أَمَرَنِي أَنْ لاَ يَنُوبَ عَنِّي إِلاَّ مَنْ هُوَ مِنِّي،وَ أَمَّا أَنْتَ فَقَدْ عَوَّضَكَ اللَّهُ بِمَا حَمَّلَكَ مِنْ آيَاتِهِ،وَ كَلَّفَكَ مِنْ طَاعَاتِهِ الدَّرَجَاتِ الرَّفِيعَةَ،وَ الْمَرَاتِبَ الشَّرِيفَةَ،أَمَا إِنَّكَ إِنْ دُمْتَ عَلَى مُوَالاَتِنَا،وَ وَافَيْتَنَا فِي عَرَصَاتِ الْقِيَامَةِ،وَفِيّاً بِمَا أَخَذْنَا بِهِ عَلَيْكَ مِنَ الْعُهُودِ وَ الْمَوَاثِيقِ،[فَأَنْتَ]مِنْ خِيَارِ شِيعَتِنَا،وَ كِرَامِ أَهْلِ مَوَدَّتِنَا،فَسُرِّيَ بِذَلِكَ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ».

قَالَ:«فَمَضَى عَلِيٌّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)لِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ،وَ نَبْذِ الْعُهُودِ إِلَى أَعْدَاءِ اللَّهِ،وَ أَيِسَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ مِنَ الدُّخُولِ بَعْدَ عَامِهِمْ ذَلِكَ إِلَى حَرَمِ اللَّهِ،وَ كَانُوا عَدَداً كَثِيراً وَ جَمّاً غَفِيراً؛غَشَّاهُ اللَّهُ نُورَهُ،وَ كَسَاهُ فِيهِمْ هَيْبَةً وَ جَلاَلاً،لَمْ يَجْسُرُوا مَعَهَا عَلَى إِظْهَارِ خِلاَفٍ وَ لاَ قَصْدٍ بِسُوءٍ-قَالَ-:وَ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ: وَ مَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّنْ مَنَعَ مَسٰاجِدَ اللّٰهِ أَنْ يُذْكَرَ فِيهَا اسْمُهُ . وَ هِيَ مَسَاجِدُ خِيَارِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِمَكَّةَ،لَمَّا مَنَعُوهُمْ مِنَ التَّعَبُّدِ فِيهَا بِأَنْ أَلْجَئُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)إِلَى الْخُرُوجِ عَنْ مَكَّةَ وَ سَعىٰ فِي خَرٰابِهٰا خَرَابِ تِلْكَ الْمَسَاجِدِ لِئَلاَّ تُعْمَرَ بِطَاعَةِ اللَّهِ،قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: أُولٰئِكَ مٰا كٰانَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَدْخُلُوهٰا إِلاّٰ خٰائِفِينَ أَنْ يَدْخُلُوا بِقَاعَ تِلْكَ الْمَسَاجِدِ فِي الْحَرَمِ إِلاَّ خَائِفِينَ مِنْ عَذَابِهِ وَ حُكْمِهِ النَّافِذِ عَلَيْهِمْ،إِنْ يَدْخُلُوهَا كَافِرِينَ،بِسُيُوفِهِ وَ سِيَاطِهِ لَهُمْ فِي الدُّنْيٰا خِزْيٌ وَ هُوَ طَرْدُهُ إِيَّاهُمْ عَنِ الْحَرَمِ، وَ مَنْعُهُمْ أَنْ يَعُودُوا إِلَيْهِ وَ لَهُمْ فِي الْآخِرَةِ عَذٰابٌ عَظِيمٌ ».

(99-/584 _1-): Imam al-‘Askari (peace be upon him) said: al-Hasan son of ‘Ali (peace be upon them both) said: When Allah sent Muhammad (blessings of Allah upon him and his family) in Mecca, and he made his call manifest there and spread his word there, he criticized their religions in their worship of idols. They seized him and treated him badly, and they strove to ruin the constructed masjids which belonged to a group of the best of Muhammad’s companions and the Shi‘a of ‘Ali son of Abi Talib (peace be upon him). By the Ka‘bah’s courtyard there were places of prayer in which they revived what the people of falsehood had caused to die. Those polytheists strove to ruin them, and to harm Muhammad (blessings of Allah upon him and his family) and his other companions, and they compelled him to leave Mecca for Medina. He turned back toward it and said: “Allah knows I love you. Were it not that your people expelled me from you, I would not have preferred any land over you nor sought any substitute for you, and I am indeed grieved at parting from you.”

Then Allah Most High revealed to him: “O Muhammad, the Most High, the Exalted, sends you peace and says: I shall return you to this city victorious, gaining, safe, able, overpowering.” And that is His saying: “Surely He Who has made the Quran binding on you will bring you back to the place of return”—meaning to Mecca, victorious and gaining. The Messenger of Allah (blessings of Allah upon him and his family) informed his companions of this; it reached the people of Mecca, and they mocked him.

Allah, exalted is He, said to His Messenger (blessings of Allah upon him and his family): “I shall soon grant you victory over Mecca and enforce My decree upon them, and I shall prevent the polytheists from entering it, so that none of them will enter it except in fear, or secretly, lest if he be discovered he be killed.”

When Allah’s decree of the conquest of Mecca was sealed and the matter was secured for him, he appointed over them ‘Attab son of Asid. When the news of this reached them, they said: “Muhammad keeps belittling us until he has set over us a mere youth of eighteen years, while we are elders of age, servants of Allah’s Sacred House, neighbors of His secure Sanctuary, the best of His spots on the face of the earth.”

The Messenger of Allah (blessings of Allah upon him and his family) wrote for ‘Attab son of Asid a covenant over [the people of] Mecca, and he wrote at its beginning: “In the name of Allah, the All-beneficent, the All-merciful. From Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah, to the neighbors of Allah’s House and the inhabitants of Allah’s Sanctuary. As for what follows…” He mentioned the covenant, and ‘Attab son of Asid read it to the people of Mecca.

Then the Imam (peace be upon him) said thereafter: “The Messenger of Allah (blessings of Allah upon him and his family) then sent ten verses from Surat Bara’ah with Abu Bakr son of Abi Quhafah. In them was the mention of casting off the covenants to the unbelievers and forbidding the polytheists from nearing Mecca. He appointed Abu Bakr over the Hajj, to perform Hajj with those gathered by the season and to recite the verses to them. When Abu Bakr had set out from him, there came to him the light-encircled Jibril (peace be upon him) and said: ‘O Muhammad, the Most High, the Exalted, sends you peace and says: O Muhammad, none delivers on your behalf except you or a man from you; so send ‘Ali to take the verses, and let him be the one to cast off the covenants and recite the verses.’”

Jibril said: “O Muhammad, your Lord did not command you to hand them to ‘Ali (peace be upon him) and remove them from Abu Bakr out of forgetfulness, nor doubt, nor as a correction of any error in Himself; rather He wished to make clear to the weaker Muslims that the station your brother ‘Ali (peace be upon him) holds will not be held by anyone other than you, O Muhammad—even if his rank is great in these weak ones’ eyes—so that his status be known to them.”

When ‘Ali (peace be upon him) had taken the verses from his hand, Abu Bakr later met the Messenger of Allah (blessings of Allah upon him and his family) and said: “May my father and mother be your ransom, O Messenger of Allah—was it you who ordered ‘Ali to take these verses from my hand?” The Messenger of Allah (blessings of Allah upon him and his family) said: “No; rather the Most High, the Magnificent, commanded me that none deputize for me except one who is from me. As for you, Allah has compensated you with the verses He entrusted to you and the obediences He charged you with—lofty degrees and noble ranks. Indeed, if you persist in our loyalty, and you meet us on the plains of the Resurrection faithful to what we bound upon you of covenants and pledges, then you are among the best of our Shi‘a and the noble of those who love us.” Abu Bakr was thereby consoled.

He said: “‘Ali (peace be upon him) proceeded to fulfill Allah’s command, casting off the covenants to Allah’s enemies. The polytheists despaired of entering, after that year of theirs, Allah’s Sanctuary. They were a great many and a huge multitude, but Allah enveloped him with His light and clothed him among them with awe and majesty, so that none dared show opposition or intend any evil.” And that is His saying: “And who is more unjust than he who prevents (men) from the masjids of Allah that His name be mentioned in them.” These are the masjids of the elite believers in Mecca, when they prevented them from worshiping therein by forcing the Messenger of Allah (blessings of Allah upon him and his family) to leave Mecca and by striving to ruin them—the ruin of those places of worship—so that they not be maintained with obedience to Allah. Allah Most High said: “It was not proper for them that they should enter them except in fear”—that they should enter the precincts of those masjids in the Sanctuary only in fear of His punishment and His effective decree upon them if they enter them as unbelievers—by His swords and scourges. “For them is disgrace in this world”—which is His driving them from the Sanctuary and preventing them from returning to it—“and for them in the Hereafter is a great punishment.”

_1) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السّلام):329/554 و:330/558.

Transliteration: al-tafsīr al-mansūb ilā al-imām al-‘askarī (alayhi al-salām): 329/554 wa: 330/558.

[1] في المصدر:بعد قباع،و في«ط»زيادة:قباع.

Transliteration: fī al-masdar: ba‘da Qubā‘, wa fī “T” ziyādah: Qubā‘.

[2] في المصدر:متطامن.

Transliteration: fī al-masdar: mutatāmin.

[3] في المصدر:المرتضون.

Transliteration: fī al-masdar: al-murtadūn.

[4] في المصدر:هديه.

Transliteration: fī al-masdar: hudāhu.

[5] في المصدر:الجنّة.

Transliteration: fī al-masdar: al-jannah.

[6] في المصدر:عليّ بن الحسين.

Transliteration: fī al-masdar: ‘Alī ibn al-Husayn.

إِنَّ الَّذِي فَرَضَ عَلَيْكَ الْقُرْآنَ لَرَادُّكَ إِلَىٰ مَعَادٍ

Quran 28:85 (M. H. Shakir): Most surely He Who has made the Quran binding on you will bring you back to the place of return.

[1] في المصدر:و شرفت.

Transliteration: fī al-masdar: wa shurifat.

[2] في المصدر زيادة:قد.

Transliteration: fī al-masdar ziyādah: qad.

[3] سرّي عنه:تجلّى همّه.

Transliteration: surriya ‘anhu: tajallā hammuhu.

[4] في المصدر:من عدله.

Transliteration: fī al-masdar: min ‘adlihi.

[7] عتّاب بن أسيد بن أبي العيص بن أميّة... (السيرة)

Transliteration: ‘Attāb ibn Asīd ibn Abī al-‘Iyṣ ibn Umayyah... (al-sīrah)

99-/585 _2- أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الطَّبْرِسِيُّ-فِي مَعْنَى الْآيَةِ-عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «أَنَّهُمْ قُرَيْشٌ حِينَ مَنَعُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)دُخُولَ مَكَّةَ وَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ».

(99-/585 _2-): Abu ‘Ali al-Tabrisi—regarding the meaning of the verse—from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him): “They are Quraysh when they prevented the Messenger of Allah (blessings of Allah upon him and his family) from entering Mecca and al-Masjid al-Haram.”

_2) -مجمع البيان 1:361.

Transliteration: Majma‘ al-Bayān 1:361.

قوله تعالى:

وَ لِلّٰهِ الْمَشْرِقُ وَ الْمَغْرِبُ فَأَيْنَمٰا تُوَلُّوا فَثَمَّ وَجْهُ اللّٰهِ إِنَّ اللّٰهَ وٰاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ[115]

Quran 2:115 (M. H. Shakir): And Allah's is the East and the West, therefore, whither you turn, thither is Allah's purpose; surely Allah is Ample-giving, Knowing.