S 2 A 55-56

بقرة آيه 56- 55

بعضا.

فاجتمع سبعون ألف رجل ممن كانوا عبدوا العجل إلى بيت المقدس،فلما صلى بهم موسى(عليه السلام) و صعد المنبر،أقبل بعضهم يقتل بعضا حتّى نزل جبرئيل(عليه السلام)،فقال:قل لهم:يا موسى،ارفعوا القتل فقد تاب اللّه عليكم؛فقتل منهم عشرة آلاف،و أنزل اللّه ذٰلِكُمْ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ عِنْدَ بٰارِئِكُمْ فَتٰابَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِنَّهُ هُوَ التَّوّٰابُ الرَّحِيمُ .

A group of seventy thousand men from among those who had worshiped the calf gathered at Bayt al-Maqdis. When Musa (peace be upon him) led them in prayer and ascended the pulpit, they began killing one another until Gabriel (peace be upon him) descended and said: Tell them, “O Musa, stop the killing, for Allah has accepted your repentance.” Ten thousand of them were killed, and Allah revealed: That is best for you with your Creator, so He turned to you mercifully; surely He is the Oft-returning (to mercy), the Merciful.

قوله تعالى:

وَ إِذْ قُلْتُمْ يٰا مُوسىٰ لَنْ نُؤْمِنَ لَكَ حَتّٰى نَرَى اللّٰهَ جَهْرَةً فَأَخَذَتْكُمُ الصّٰاعِقَةُ وَ أَنْتُمْ تَنْظُرُونَ[55]

ثُمَّ بَعَثْنٰاكُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَوْتِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ[56]

[Quran 2:55-56 — M. H. Shakir]

And when you said: O Musa! we will not believe in you until we see Allah manifestly, so the punishment overtook you while you looked on.

Then We raised you up after your death that you may give thanks.

99-/477 _1- قَالَ الْإِمَامُ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ إِذْ قُلْتُمْ يٰا مُوسىٰ لَنْ نُؤْمِنَ لَكَ حَتّٰى نَرَى اللّٰهَ جَهْرَةً قَالَ أَسْلاَفُكُمْ فَأَخَذَتْكُمُ الصّٰاعِقَةُ أَخَذَتْ أَسْلاَفَكُمُ الصَّاعِقَةُ وَ أَنْتُمْ تَنْظُرُونَ إِلَيْهِمْ ثُمَّ بَعَثْنٰاكُمْ بَعَثْنَا أَسْلاَفَكُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَوْتِكُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَوْتِ أَسْلاَفِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ أَيْ لَعَلَّ أَسْلاَفَكُمْ يَشْكُرُونَ الْحَيَاةَ الَّتِي فِيهَا يَتُوبُونَ وَ يُقْلِعُونَ،وَ إِلَى رَبِّهِمْ يُنِيبُونَ،لَمْ يُدِمْ عَلَيْهِمْ ذَلِكَ الْمَوْتَ فَيَكُونَ إِلَى النَّارِ مَصِيرُهُمْ،وَ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ».

قَالَ [1]:«وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ مُوسَى(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)لَمَّا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ عَلَيْهِمْ عَهْدَ الْفُرْقَانِ [2]،فَرَّقَ مَا بَيْنَ الْمُحِقِّينَ وَ الْمُبْطِلِينَ لِمُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)بِنُبُوَّتِهِ،وَ لِعَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)بِإِمَامَتِهِ،وَ لِلْأَئِمَّةِ الطَّاهِرِينَ بِإِمَامَتِهِمْ،قَالُوا: لَنْ نُؤْمِنَ لَكَ أَنَّ هَذَا أَمْرُ رَبِّكَ حَتّٰى نَرَى اللّٰهَ جَهْرَةً عِيَاناً يُخْبِرُنَا بِذَلِكَ فَأَخَذَتْكُمُ الصّٰاعِقَةُ مُعَايَنَةً،وَ هُمْ يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَى الصَّاعِقَةِ تَنْزِلُ عَلَيْهِمْ.

وَ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَهُ:يَا مُوسَى،إِنِّي أَنَا الْمُكْرِمُ أَوْلِيَائِي وَ الْمُصَدِّقِينَ بِأَصْفِيَائِي وَ لاَ أُبَالِي،وَ كَذَلِكَ أَنَا الْمُعَذِّبُ لِأَعْدَائِي الدَّافِعِينَ لِحُقُوقِ أَصْفِيَائِي وَ لاَ أُبَالِي.

فَقَالَ مُوسَى(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)لِلْبَاقِينَ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يَصْعَقُوا:مَاذَا تَقُولُونَ،تَقْبَلُونَ [3]،وَ تَعْتَرِفُونَ؟وَ إِلاَّ فَأَنْتُمْ بِهَؤُلاَءِ لاَحِقُونَ.

قَالُوا:يَا مُوسَى،تَدْرِي [1] مَا حَلَّ بِهِمْ،لِمَاذَا أَصَابَهُمْ [2]؟كَانَتِ الصَّاعِقَةُ مَا أَصَابَتْهُمْ لِأَجْلِكَ،إِلاَّ أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ نَكْبَةً مِنْ نَكَبَاتِ الدَّهْرِ تُصِيبُ الْبَرَّ وَ الْفَاجِرَ،فَإِنْ كَانَتْ إِنَّمَا أَصَابَتْهُمْ لِرَدِّهِمْ عَلَيْكَ فِي أَمْرِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيٍّ وَ آلِهِمَا، فَاسْأَلِ اللَّهَ رَبَّكَ بِمُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ الَّذِينَ تَدْعُونَّا إِلَيْهِمْ أَنْ يُحْيِيَ هَؤُلاَءِ الْمَصْعُوقِينَ لِنَسْأَلَهُمْ لِمَاذَا أَصَابَتْهُمْ [3].

فَدَعَا اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِهِمْ مُوسَى(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،وَ أَحْيَاهُمُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ،فَقَالَ مُوسَى(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):سَلُوهُمْ لِمَاذَا أَصَابَهُمْ؟فَسَأَلُوهُمُ،فَقَالُوا:يَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ،أَصَابَنَا لِإِبَائِنَا اعْتِقَادَ إِمَامَةِ عَلِيٍّ بَعْدَ اعْتِقَادِنَا نُبُوَّةَ مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،لَقَدْ رَأَيْنَا بَعْدَ مَوْتِنَا هَذَا مَمَالِكَ رَبِّنَا مِنْ سَمَاوَاتِهِ وَ حُجُبِهِ وَ عَرْشِهِ وَ كُرْسِيِّهِ وَ جِنَانِهِ وَ نِيرَانِهِ،فَمَا رَأَيْنَا أَنْفَذَ أَمْراً فِي جَمِيعِ تِلْكَ الْمَمَالِكِ وَ أَعْظَمَ سُلْطَاناً مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيٍّ وَ فَاطِمَةَ وَ الْحَسَنِ وَ الْحُسَيْنِ،وَ إِنَّا لَمَّا مِتْنَا بِهَذِهِ الصَّاعِقَةِ ذُهِبَ بِنَا إِلَى النِّيرَانِ،فَنَادَاهُمْ مُحَمَّدٌ وَ عَلِيٌّ:كُفُّوا عَنْ هَؤُلاَءِ عَذَابَكُمْ،فَهَؤُلاَءِ يُحْيَوْنَ بِمَسْأَلَةِ سَائِلٍ يَسْأَلُ رَبَّنَا عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِنَا وَ بِآلِنَا الطَّاهِرِينَ،وَ ذَلِكَ حِينَ لَمْ يَقْذِفُونَا [4] فِي الْهَاوِيَةِ وَ أَخَّرُونَا إِلَى بِعْثَتِنَا [5] بِدُعَائِكَ-يَا مُوسَى بْنَ عِمْرَانَ-بِمُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ الطَّيِّبِينَ.

فَقَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لِأَهْلِ عَصْرِ مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):فَإِذَا كَانَ بِالدُّعَاءِ بِمُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ الطَّيِّبِينَ نُشِرَ ظُلْمَةُ أَسْلاَفِكُمُ الْمَصْعُوقِينَ بِظُلْمِهِمْ،أَ فَمَا يَجِبُ عَلَيْكُمْ أَنْ لاَ تَتَعَرَّضُوا إِلَى مِثْلِ مَا هَلَكُوا بِهِ إِلَى أَنْ أَحْيَاهُمُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ؟».

99-/477 _1- Imam al-‘Askari (peace be upon him) said: Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: “And when you said: O Musa! we will not believe in you until we see Allah manifestly—your forefathers said [this]—so the thunderbolt seized you—it seized your forefathers—while you looked on at them. Then We raised you up—we raised your forefathers—after your death—after the death of your forefathers—that you might give thanks, that is, so that your forefathers might give thanks for the life in which they would repent, desist, and turn back to their Lord; He did not make that death endure upon them so that their end would have been to the Fire, abiding therein.”

He said: “This was because when Musa (peace be upon him) wanted to take from them the Covenant of the Criterion—distinguishing between those who held the truth and those who rejected it concerning Muhammad (may Allah bless him and his family) and his prophethood, and concerning ‘Ali (peace be upon him) and his imamate, and the imamate of the pure Imams—they said: We will not believe you that this is the command of your Lord until we see Allah openly, visibly, to inform us of that. So the thunderbolt took you before their very eyes, and they were looking at the thunderbolt as it descended upon them.

And Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said to him: ‘O Musa, I am the One who honors My friends and those who affirm My elect, and I do not mind; and so too I am the One who punishes My enemies who withhold the rights of My elect, and I do not mind.’

Then Musa (peace be upon him) said to those remaining who had not been struck down: ‘What do you say—will you accept and acknowledge? Otherwise you will join these [who perished].’

They said: ‘O Musa, do you know what befell them, why this struck them? The thunderbolt that struck them was not on your account, but rather it was one of the calamities of time that strikes both the righteous and the wicked. If it struck them because they rejected you concerning Muhammad and ‘Ali and their family, then ask your Lord by Muhammad and his family—those to whom you summon us—to give life to these who were struck down so we may ask them why this struck them.’

So Musa (peace be upon him) supplicated Allah, Mighty and Majestic, by them, and Allah gave them life. Musa (peace be upon him) said: ‘Ask them why this struck them.’ They asked them, and they replied: ‘O Children of Israel, it struck us because we refused to believe in the imamate of ‘Ali after believing in the prophethood of Muhammad (may Allah bless him and his family). After our death by this thunderbolt we beheld the dominions of our Lord—His heavens, veils, Throne, Footstool, gardens, and fires. We saw none more effective in command across all those dominions, nor greater in authority, than Muhammad, ‘Ali, Fatimah, al-Hasan, and al-Husayn. When we died by this thunderbolt, we were taken to the fires; then Muhammad and ‘Ali called out to them, “Withhold your punishment from these, for they will be given life by the plea of a supplicant who will ask our Lord, Mighty and Majestic, by us and by our pure family.” It was then that they did not cast us into the abyss, but deferred us until we were raised up by your supplication—O Musa son of ‘Imran—by Muhammad and his pure family.’”

Then Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said to the people of the time of Muhammad (may Allah bless him and his family): “If by invoking Muhammad and his pure family the darkness of your forefathers—who were struck down because of their wrongdoing—was lifted, is it not incumbent upon you to avoid exposing yourselves to that by which they perished, until Allah, Mighty and Majestic, gave them life again?”

_1) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السّلام):125/256.

al-Tafsīr al-mansūb ilā al-Imām al-ʿAskarī (ʿalayhi al-salām): 125/256.

[1] في المصدر زيادة:الإمام.

fī al-maṣdar ziyādah: al-imām.

[2] في المصدر:عهدا بالفرقان.

fī al-maṣdar: ʿahdan bi-l-furqān.

[3] في المصدر:أ تقبلون.

fī al-maṣdar: a taqbalūn.

[1] في المصدر:لا ندري.

fī al-maṣdar: lā nadrī.

[2] في المصدر:أصابتهم.

fī al-maṣdar: aṣābat-hum.

[3] في المصدر:لماذا أصابهم ما أصابهم.

fī al-maṣdar: limādhā aṣābahum mā aṣābahum.

[4] في المصدر زيادة:بعد.

fī al-maṣdar ziyādah: baʿd.

[5] في المصدر:إلى أن بعثنا.

fī al-maṣdar: ilā an buʿithnā.

99-/478 _2- ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ:قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا تَمِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ تَمِيمٍ الْقُرَشِيُّ(رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ)،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي،عَنْ حَمْدَانَ ابنِ سُلَيْمَانَ النَّيْسَابُورِيِّ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْجَهْمِ،قَالَ: حَضَرْتُ مَجْلِسَ الْمَأْمُونِ وَ عِنْدَهُ الرِّضَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُوسَى(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،فَقَالَ لَهُ الْمَأْمُونُ:يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ،أَ لَيْسَ مِنْ قَوْلِكَ:أَنَّ الْأَنْبِيَاءَ مَعْصُومُونَ؟فَقَالَ:«بَلَى».

فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ آيَاتٍ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ،فَكَانَ فِيمَا سَأَلَهُ أَنْ قَالَ لَهُ:فَمَا مَعْنَى قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ لَمّٰا جٰاءَ مُوسىٰ لِمِيقٰاتِنٰا وَ كَلَّمَهُ رَبُّهُ قٰالَ رَبِّ أَرِنِي أَنْظُرْ إِلَيْكَ قٰالَ لَنْ تَرٰانِي [6]الْآيَةَ،كَيْفَ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ كَلِيمُ اللَّهِ مُوسَى بْنُ عِمْرَانَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،لاَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ-تَعَالَى ذِكْرُهُ-لاَ تَجُوزُ عَلَيْهِ الرُّؤْيَةُ حَتَّى يَسْأَلَهُ هَذَا السُّؤَالَ؟ فَقَالَ الرِّضَا(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«إِنَّ كَلِيمَ اللَّهِ مُوسَى بْنَ عِمْرَانَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَلِمَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ [7] عَنْ أَنْ يُرَى بِالْأَبْصَارِ،وَ لَكِنَّهُ لَمَّا كَلَّمَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ قَرَّبَهُ نَجِيّاً،رَجَعَ إِلَى قَوْمِهِ فَأَخْبَرَهُمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ كَلَّمَهُ وَ قَرَّبَهُ،وَ نَاجَاهُ فَقَالُوا: لَنْ نُؤْمِنَ لَكَ حَتَّى نَسْمَعَ كَلاَمَهُ كَمَا سَمِعْتَ،وَ كَانَ الْقَوْمُ سَبْعَمِائَةِ أَلْفِ [1]،فَاخْتَارَ مِنْهُمْ سَبْعِينَ أَلْفاً،ثُمَّ اخْتَارَ مِنْهُمْ سَبْعَةَ آلاَفٍ، ثُمَّ اخْتَارَ مِنْهُمْ سَبْعَمِائَةِ،ثُمَّ اخْتَارَ مِنْهُمْ سَبْعِينَ رَجُلاً لِمِيقَاتِ رَبِّهِ.فَخَرَجَ بِهِمْ إِلَى طُورِ سَيْنَاءَ،فَأَقَامَهُمْ فِي سَفْحِ الْجَبَلِ،وَ صَعِدَ مُوسَى(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)إِلَى الطُّورِ فَسَأَلَ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى أَنْ يُكَلِّمَهُ وَ يُسْمِعَهُمْ كَلاَمَهُ؛فَكَلَّمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى ذِكْرُهُ وَ سَمِعُوا كَلاَمَهُ مِنْ فَوْقُ وَ أَسْفَلُ وَ يَمِينُ وَ شِمَالُ وَ وَرَاءُ وَ أَمَامُ،لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَحْدَثَهُ فِي الشَّجَرَةِ،ثُمَّ جَعَلَهُ مُنْبَعِثاً مِنْهَا حَتَّى سَمِعُوهُ مِنْ جَمِيعِ الْوُجُوهِ.

فَقَالُوا: لَنْ نُؤْمِنَ لَكَ بِأَنَّ الَّذِي سَمِعْنَاهُ كَلاَمُ اللَّهِ حَتّٰى نَرَى اللّٰهَ جَهْرَةً فَلَمَّا قَالُوا هَذَا الْقَوْلَ الْعَظِيمَ، وَ اسْتَكْبَرُوا وَ عَتَوْا،بَعَثَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ صَاعِقَةً فَأَخَذَتْهُمْ بِظُلْمِهِمْ فَمَاتُوا.

فَقَالَ مُوسَى:يَا رَبِّ،مَا أَقُولُ لِبَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ إِذَا رَجَعْتُ إِلَيْهِمْ،وَ قَالُوا:إِنَّكَ ذَهَبْتَ بِهِمْ فَقَتَلْتَهُمْ لِأَنَّكَ لَمْ تَكُنْ صَادِقاً فِيمَا ادَّعَيْتَ مِنْ مُنَاجَاةِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِيَّاكَ؛فَأَحْيَاهُمُ اللَّهُ وَ بَعَثَهُمْ بَعْدُ [2]،فَقَالُوا:إِنَّكَ لَوْ سَأَلْتَ اللَّهَ أَنْ يُرِيَكَ تَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ لَأَجَابَكَ،وَ كُنْتَ تُخْبِرُنَا كَيْفَ هُوَ،فَنَعْرِفُهُ حَقَّ مَعْرِفَتِهِ.

فَقَالَ مُوسَى(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):يَا قَوْمِ،إِنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ يُرَى بِالْأَبْصَارِ وَ لاَ كَيْفِيَّةَ لَهُ،وَ إِنَّمَا يُعْرَفُ بِآيَاتِهِ وَ يُعْلَمُ بِأَعْلاَمِهِ،فَقَالُوا:

لَنْ نُؤْمِنَ لَكَ حَتَّى تَسْأَلَهُ.

فَقَالَ مُوسَى(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):يَا رَبِّ،إِنَّكَ قَدْ سَمِعْتَ مَقَالَةَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ وَ أَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ بِصَلاَحِهِمْ،فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَيْهِ،يَا مُوسَى،سَلْنِي عَمَّا سَأَلُوكَ فَلَنْ أُوَاخِذَكَ بِجَهْلِهِمْ.

فَعِنْدَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ مُوسَى: رَبِّ أَرِنِي أَنْظُرْ إِلَيْكَ قٰالَ لَنْ تَرٰانِي وَ لٰكِنِ انْظُرْ إِلَى الْجَبَلِ فَإِنِ اسْتَقَرَّ مَكٰانَهُ وَ هُوَ يَهْوِي فَسَوْفَ تَرٰانِي فَلَمّٰا تَجَلّٰى رَبُّهُ لِلْجَبَلِ [3]بِآيَةٍ مِنْ آيَاتِهِ جَعَلَهُ دَكًّا وَ خَرَّ مُوسىٰ صَعِقاً فَلَمّٰا أَفٰاقَ قٰالَ سُبْحٰانَكَ تُبْتُ إِلَيْكَ [4]يَقُولُ:رَجَعْتُ إِلَى مَعْرِفَتِي بِكَ عَنْ جَهْلِ قَوْمِي وَ أَنَا أَوَّلُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ [5]مِنْهُمْ بِأَنَّكَ لاَ تُرَى».

فَقَالَ الْمَأْمُونُ:لِلَّهِ دَرُّكَ،يَا أَبَا الْحَسَنِ!

99-/478 _2- Ibn Bābawayh said: Tamīm b. ‘Abd Allāh b. Tamīm al-Qurashī (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated to us, he said: My father narrated to me, from Ḥamdan b. Sulaymān al-Nīsābūrī, from ‘Alī b. Muḥammad b. al-Jahm, who said: I attended the assembly of al-Ma’mūn while al-Riḍā ‘Alī b. Mūsā (peace be upon him) was with him. Al-Ma’mūn said to him: “O son of the Messenger of Allah, is it not your doctrine that the prophets are infallible?” He said: “Indeed.”

He questioned him about verses of the Qur’an; among what he asked was that he said: “What is the meaning of His saying, Mighty and Majestic: ‘And when Musa came at Our appointed time and his Lord spoke to him, he said: My Lord! show me (Thyself), so that I may look upon Thee. He said: You cannot (bear to) see Me…’ [Quran 7:143]. How could it be that the interlocutor of Allah, Musa son of ‘Imran (peace be upon him), did not know that vision of Allah—Exalted is His remembrance—is impossible, until he would ask this question?”

Al-Riḍā (peace be upon him) said: “The Interlocutor of Allah, Musa son of ‘Imran (peace be upon him), knew that Allah is too exalted to be seen by the eyes; but when Allah, Mighty and Majestic, spoke to him and drew him near as an intimate confidant, he returned to his people and informed them that Allah had spoken to him, drawn him near, and confided in him. They said: ‘We will never believe you until we hear His speech as you heard.’ The people were seven hundred thousand, so he chose from them seventy thousand, then from them seven thousand, then from them seven hundred, then from them seventy men for the tryst with his Lord. He went out with them to Mount Sinai, stationed them at the foot of the mountain, and Musa (peace be upon him) ascended the Mount. He asked Allah, Blessed and Exalted, to speak to him and make them hear His speech; so Allah, Exalted is His remembrance, spoke to him, and they heard His speech from above and below, from the right and the left, from behind and in front, for Allah, Mighty and Majestic, had originated it in the tree and then caused it to emanate from it so that they heard it from every direction.

They said: ‘We will not believe you that what we heard is the speech of Allah until we see Allah openly.’ When they uttered this tremendous statement, grew arrogant and rebellious, Allah sent upon them a thunderbolt, which seized them for their wrongdoing, and they died.

Musa said: ‘My Lord, what shall I say to the Children of Israel when I return to them and they say, “You went with them and killed them because you were not truthful in what you claimed—that Allah, Mighty and Majestic, conversed with you”?’ So Allah gave them life and raised them up again. They then said: ‘If you were to ask Allah to show Himself to you so that you could look upon Him, He would answer you; then you would inform us what He is like, so we would know Him as He deserves to be known.’

Musa (peace be upon him) said: ‘My people, Allah is not seen by the eyes, nor does He have a modality. He is known by His signs and recognized by His proofs.’ They said: ‘We will not believe you until you ask Him.’

Musa (peace be upon him) said: ‘My Lord, You have heard the speech of the Children of Israel, and You know best what is in their interest.’ Allah, Mighty and Majestic, revealed to him: ‘O Musa, ask Me what they asked you; I will not take you to task for their ignorance.’

At that, Musa said: ‘My Lord! show me (Thyself), so that I may look upon Thee.’ He said: ‘You cannot (bear to) see Me, but look at the mountain; if it remains firm in its place—while it is collapsing—then you will see Me. So when his Lord manifested His glory to the mountain with a sign from among His signs, He made it crumble, and Musa fell down in a swoon. When he recovered, he said: “Glory be to Thee, I turn to Thee; I am the first of the believers”’—meaning: I have returned to my (previous) knowledge of You, away from the ignorance of my people; and I am the first of them to believe that You are not seen.”

Al-Ma’mūn said: “May Allah increase your excellence, O Abū al-Ḥasan!”

[Quran 7:143 — M. H. Shakir]

And when Musa came at Our appointed time and his Lord spoke to him, he said: My Lord! show me (Thyself), so that I may look upon Thee. He said: You cannot (bear to) see Me, but look at the mountain, if it remains firm in its place, then will you see Me; but when his Lord manifested His glory to the mountain He made it crumble and Musa fell down in a swoon; then when he recovered he said: Glory be to Thee, I turn to Thee, and I am the first of the believers.

_2) -التّوحيد 24/121،عيون أخبار الرّضا(عليه السّلام)1:1/200.

al-Tawḥīd 24/121, ʿUyūn Akhbār al-Riḍā (ʿalayhi al-salām) 1:1/200.

[1] في المصدر زيادة:رجل.

fī al-maṣdar ziyādah: rajul.

[2] في المصدر:معه.

fī al-maṣdar: maʿahu.

[3] [4] [5] الأعراف 7:143.

al-Aʿrāf 7:143.

[6] الأعراف 7:143.

al-Aʿrāf 7:143.

[7] في المصدر:تعالى.

fī al-maṣdar: taʿālā.

99-/479 _3- سَعْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ:عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ،عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عُلْوَانَ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ دَاوُدَ الْعَبْدِيِّ،عَنِ الْأَصْبَغِ بْنِ نُبَاتَةَ،عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)-فِي كَلاَمِهِ لاِبْنِ الْكَوَّاءِ-قَالَ لَهُ: «اسْأَلْ عَمَّا بَدَا لَكَ».فَقَالَ:نَعَمْ،إِنَّ أُنَاساً مِنْ أَصْحَابِكَ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهُمْ يُرَدُّونَ بَعْدَ الْمَوْتِ؟ فَقَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«نَعَمْ،تَكَلَّمْ بِمَا سَمِعْتَ،وَ لاَ تَزِدْ فِي الْكَلاَمِ،فَمَا قُلْتَ لَهُمْ [6]».

قَالَ:قُلْتُ:لاَ أُؤْمِنُ بِشَيْءٍ مِمَّا قُلْتُمْ؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ):«وَيْلَكَ،إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ ابْتَلَى قَوْماً بِمَا كَانَ مِنْ ذُنُوبِهِمْ،فَأَمَاتَهُمْ قَبْلَ آجَالِهِمُ الَّتِي سُمِّيَتْ لَهُمْ،ثُمَّ رَدَّهُمْ إِلَى الدُّنْيَا لِيَسْتَوْفُوا رِزْقَهُمْ،ثُمَّ أَمَاتَهُمْ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ».

قَالَ:فَكَبُرَ [1] عَلَى ابْنِ الْكَوَّاءِ وَ لَمْ يَهْتَدِ لَهُ،فَقَالَ لَهُ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ:«وَيْلَكَ تَعْلَمُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ قَالَ فِي كِتَابِهِ:

وَ اخْتٰارَ مُوسىٰ قَوْمَهُ سَبْعِينَ رَجُلاً لِمِيقٰاتِنٰا [2] فَانْطَلَقَ بِهِمْ لِيَشْهَدُوا لَهُ إِذَا رَجَعُوا عِنْدَ الْمَلَإِ مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ أَنَّ رَبِّي قَدْ كَلَّمَنِي،فَلَوْ أَنَّهُمْ سَلَّمُوا ذَلِكَ لَهُ وَ صَدَّقُوهُ لَكَانَ خَيْراً لَهُمْ،وَ لَكِنَّهُمْ قَالُوا لِمُوسَى(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): لَنْ نُؤْمِنَ لَكَ حَتّٰى نَرَى اللّٰهَ جَهْرَةً قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: فَأَخَذَتْكُمُ الصّٰاعِقَةُ يَعْنِي الْمَوْتَ وَ أَنْتُمْ تَنْظُرُونَ* ثُمَّ بَعَثْنٰاكُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَوْتِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ فَتَرَى-يَا ابْنَ الْكَوَّاءِ-أَنَّ هَؤُلاَءِ رَجَعُوا إِلَى مَنَازِلِهِمْ بَعْدَ مَا مَاتُوا؟».

فَقَالَ ابْنُ الْكَوَّاءِ:وَ مَا ذَلِكَ،ثُمَّ أَمَاتَهُمْ مَكَانَهُمْ؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«لاَ،وَيْلَكَ!أَ وَ لَيْسَ قَدْ أَخْبَرَكَ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ حَيْثُ يَقُولُ: وَ ظَلَّلْنٰا عَلَيْكُمُ الْغَمٰامَ وَ أَنْزَلْنٰا عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَنَّ وَ السَّلْوىٰ [3]؟فَهَذَا بَعْدَ الْمَوْتِ إِذْ بَعَثَهُمْ».

99-/479 _3- Sa‘d b. ‘Abd Allāh, from Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. ‘Īsā, from al-Ḥasan b. ‘Alī b. Faḍḍāl, from al-Ḥusayn b. ‘Ulwān, from Muḥammad b. Dāwūd al-‘Abdī, from al-Aṣbagh b. Nubātah, from the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him)—in his discourse with Ibn al-Kawwā’—that he said to him: “Ask whatever occurs to you.” He said: “Yes. Some of your companions claim that they will be returned after death.” The Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) said: “Yes. Speak to what you heard; do not add more words. What did you say to them?” He said: “I said: I do not believe anything of what you said.” The Commander of the Faithful (may Allah’s blessings be upon him) said to him: “Woe to you! Allah, Mighty and Majestic, tested a people on account of their sins, so He caused them to die before the terms that had been named for them; then He returned them to the world so they might complete their allotted provision; then He caused them to die thereafter.”

This was heavy upon Ibn al-Kawwā’ and he could not grasp it. The Commander of the Faithful said to him: “Woe to you! Do you know that Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said in His Book: ‘And Musa chose out of his people seventy men for Our appointment’ [Quran 7:155], and he set out with them so they might bear witness for him when he returned, in the presence of the notables of the Children of Israel, that my Lord had spoken to me? Had they submitted to that and affirmed him, it would have been better for them. But they said to Musa (peace be upon him): ‘We will not believe in you until we see Allah manifestly.’ Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: ‘So the thunderbolt seized you’—meaning death—‘while you looked on; then We raised you up after your death that you might give thanks’ [Quran 2:55-56]. So, O Ibn al-Kawwā’, do you think they returned to their homes after they had died?” He said: “What then—did He cause them to die there in that very place?” He replied: “No, woe to you! Has He not informed you in the Book of Allah where He says: ‘And We made the clouds to give shade over you and sent to you manna and quails’ [Quran 2:57]? That was after death, when He raised them up.”

_3) -مختصر بصائر الدرجات:22

Mukhtaṣar Baṣā’ir al-Darajāt: 22.

[1] كبر عليه الأمر:شقّ و ثقل.«المعجم الوسيط-كبر-2:772».

kabara ʿalayhi al-amr: shaqqun wa thaql. “al-Muʿjam al-Wasīṭ — kabara — 2:772”.

[2] الأعراف 7:155.

al-Aʿrāf 7:155.

[3] البقرة 2:57.

al-Baqarah 2:57.

[6] في المصدر:ممّا قلت.

fī al-maṣdar: mimmā qulta.

[Quran 7:155 — M. H. Shakir]

And Musa chose out of his people seventy men for Our appointment; so when the earthquake overtook them, he said: My Lord! if Thou hadst pleased, Thou hadst destroyed them before and myself too; wilt Thou destroy us for what the foolish among us have done? It is naught but Thy trial, Thou makest err with it whom Thou pleasest and guidest whom Thou pleasest: Thou art our Guardian, therefore forgive us and have mercy on us, and Thou art the best of the forgivers.

قوله تعالى:

وَ ظَلَّلْنٰا عَلَيْكُمُ الْغَمٰامَ وَ أَنْزَلْنٰا عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَنَّ وَ السَّلْوىٰ كُلُوا مِنْ طَيِّبٰاتِ مٰا رَزَقْنٰاكُمْ وَ مٰا ظَلَمُونٰا وَ لٰكِنْ كٰانُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ [57]

[Quran 2:57 — M. H. Shakir]

And We made the clouds to give shade over you and sent to you manna and quails: Eat of the good things that We have given you; and they did not do Us any harm, but they did injustice to their own souls.

99-/480 _1- قَالَ الْإِمَامُ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ:وَ اذْكُرُوا-يَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ-إِذْ ظَلَّلْنٰا عَلَيْكُمُ الْغَمٰامَ لَمَّا كُنْتُمْ فِي التِّيهِ،يُصِيبُكُمْ [4] حَرُّ الشَّمْسِ وَ بَرْدُ الْقَمَرِ وَ أَنْزَلْنٰا عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَنَّ التَّرَنْجَبِينَ، [5]كَانَ يَسْقُطُ عَلَى شَجَرِهِمْ فَيَتَنَاوَلُونَهُ وَ السَّلْوىٰ السُّمَانَى [6] طَيْرٌ،أَطْيَبُ طَيْرٍ لَحْماً،يُسْتَرْسَلُ لَهُمْ [7] فَيَصْطَادُونَهُ.

99-/480 _1- Imam al-‘Askari (peace be upon him) said: Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: “And remember—O Children of Israel—when We shaded you with the clouds while you were in the wilderness, when the heat of the sun and the cold of the night affected you; and We sent down upon you the manna—taranjabin—which would fall upon your trees and you would partake of it; and the salwā—al-summānā—birds, the most delicious of birds in meat, that would come down tamely to you so you could hunt them.”

_1) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الامام العسكريّ(عليه السلام):126/257.

al-Tafsīr al-mansūb ilā al-Imām al-ʿAskarī (ʿalayhi al-salām): 126/257.

[4] في المصدر:يقيكم.

fī al-maṣdar: yaqīkum.

[5] الترنجبين:معرّب الترانگبين،و هو كلّ طلّ ينزل من السّماء على شجر أو حجر،و يحلو و ينعقد عسلا،و يجفّ جفاف الصمغ.«تاج العروس- منن-9:350».

al-taranjabin: muʿarrab al-tarāngabin, wa huwa kull ṭall yanzilu mina al-samā’ ʿalā shajar aw ḥajar, wa yaḥlū wa yanʿaqidu ʿasalan, wa yajiffu jifāfa al-ṣamgh. “Tāj al-ʿArūs — m-n-n — 9:350”.

[6] السّماني:و هو طائر صغير من رتبة الدجاجيات،جسمه منضغط ممتلئ،و هو من القواطع التي تهاجر شتاء إلى الحبشة و السّودان،- -و يستوطن أوربة و حوض البحر المتوسط.«المعجم الوسيط-سلا-1:446».

al-summānī: wa huwa ṭā’ir ṣaghīr min ratbat al-dajājiyyāt, jismuhu munḍaghiṭ mumtali’, wa huwa mina al-qawāṭiʿ allatī tuhājiru shitā’an ilā al-Ḥabasha wa al-Sūdān, wa yastawṭinu Ūrubbah wa ḥawḍ al-Baḥr al-Mutawassiṭ. “al-Muʿjam al-Wasīṭ — salā — 1:446”.

[7] استرسل إليه:انبسط و استأنس.«الصحاح-رسل-4:1709».

istarsala ilayh: inbasaṭa wa ista’nasa. “al-Ṣiḥāḥ — r-s-l — 4:1709”.