S 2 A 184

قوله تعالى:

فَمَنْ كٰانَ مِنْكُمْ مَرِيضاً أَوْ عَلىٰ سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيّٰامٍ أُخَرَ وَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعٰامُ مِسْكِينٍ فَمَنْ تَطَوَّعَ خَيْراً فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَهُ وَ أَنْ تَصُومُوا خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ[184]

Qur’an 2:184—And as for those of you who are sick or on a journey, (they shall fast) a (like) number of other days; and those who can afford it a ransom (should be given) of feeding a poor man; but whoever does good spontaneously it is better for him; and that you fast is better for you if you know. (M. H. Shakir)

99-/830 _1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْجَوْهَرِيِّ،عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ دَاوُدَ،عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ دَاوُدَ،عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ [1]،عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «فَأَمَّا صَوْمُ السَّفَرِ وَ الْمَرَضِ،فَإِنَّ الْعَامَّةَ قَدِ اخْتَلَفَتْ فِي ذَلِكَ؛فَقَالَ قَوْمٌ:يَصُومُ،وَ قَالَ آخَرُونَ:لاَ يَصُومُ،وَ قَالَ قَوْمٌ:إِنْ شَاءَ صَامَ، وَ إِنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ،وَ أَمَّا نَحْنُ فَنَقُولُ يُفْطِرُ فِي الْحَالَيْنِ جَمِيعاً؛فَإِنْ صَامَ فِي السَّفَرِ أَوْ فِي حَالِ الْمَرَضِ فَعَلَيْهِ الْقَضَاءُ،فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ: فَمَنْ كٰانَ مِنْكُمْ مَرِيضاً أَوْ عَلىٰ سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيّٰامٍ أُخَرَ ».

99-/830 _1- Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub, from ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim, from his father, from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad al-Jawhari, from Sulayman ibn Dawud, from Sufyan ibn Dawud, from Sufyan ibn ‘Uyaynah [1], from al-Zuhri, from ‘Ali ibn al-Husayn (peace be upon them), who said: As for fasting during travel and illness, the common folk have differed about it: some said one should fast; others said one should not fast; and some said it is optional—if he wishes, he fasts; if he wishes, he breaks. As for us, we say he must break the fast in both conditions. If he fasts while traveling or while ill, he must make it up, for Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says: So whoever among you is sick or on a journey, then (he shall fast) a (like) number of other days.

99-/831 _2- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «لَمْ يَكُنْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) يَصُومُ فِي السَّفَرِ تَطَوُّعاً وَ لاَ فَرِيضَةً،يَكْذِبُونَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ وَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) بِكُرَاعِ الْغَمِيمِ [2] عِنْدَ صَلاَةِ الْفَجْرِ،فَدَعَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)بِإِنَاءٍ فَشَرِبَ،وَ أَمَرَ النَّاسَ أَنْ يُفْطِرُوا،فَقَالَ قَوْمٌ:قَدْ تَوَجَّهَ النَّهَارُ،وَ لَوْ صُمْنَا يَوْمَنَا هَذَا؟فَسَمَّاهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)الْعُصَاةَ،فَلَمْ يَزَالُوا يُسَمَّوْنَ بِذَلِكَ الاِسْمِ حَتَّى قُبِضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)».

99-/831 _2- Al-‘Ayyashi, from Muhammad ibn Muslim, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), who said: The Messenger of Allah (blessings of Allah be upon him and his family) did not fast while traveling—neither supererogatory nor obligatory. They lie against the Messenger of Allah (blessings be upon him and his family). This verse was revealed while the Messenger of Allah (blessings be upon him and his family) was at Kura‘ al-Ghamim [2] at the time of the dawn prayer. The Messenger of Allah (blessings be upon him and his family) called for a vessel and drank, and he commanded the people to break their fast. Some people said, “The day has already begun; what if we fast our day?” The Messenger of Allah (blessings be upon him and his family) named them “the disobedient,” and they continued to be called by that name until the Messenger of Allah (blessings be upon him and his family) passed away.

99-/832 _3- وَ عَنِ الصَّبَّاحِ بْنِ سَيَابَةَ،قَالَ:قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): إِنَّ ابْنَ أَبِي يَعْفُورٍ أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أَسْأَلَكَ عَنْ مَسَائِلَ،فَقَالَ:«وَ مَا هِيَ؟».قَالَ:يَقُولُ لَكَ:إِذَا دَخَلَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ وَ أَنَا فِي مَنْزِلِي،أَ لِي أَنْ أُسَافِرَ؟ قَالَ:«إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ: فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ [3]فَمَنْ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ وَ هُوَ فِي أَهْلِهِ، فَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يُسَافِرَ إِلاَّ لِحَجٍّ،أَوْ عُمْرَةٍ،أَوْ فِي طَلَبِ مَالٍ يَخَافُ تَلَفَهُ».

99-/832 _3- And from al-Sabbah ibn Sayabah, who said: I said to Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), “Ibn Abi Ya‘fur ordered me to ask you about some matters.” He said, “What are they?” He said, “He says to you: When the month of Ramadan enters and I am at home, am I allowed to travel?” He said: Allah says, So whoever of you witnesses the month, let him fast it [3]. So whoever Ramadan enters upon while he is with his family, it is not permitted for him to travel except for Hajj, or ‘Umrah, or seeking wealth he fears will be lost.

99-/833 _4- وَ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِهِ: فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ [4].

99-/833 _4- And from Zurara, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), regarding His saying: So whoever of you witnesses the month, let him fast it [4].

قَالَ:فَقَالَ:«مَا أَبْيَنَهَا لِمَنْ عَقَلَهَا!-قَالَ-مَنْ شَهِدَ رَمَضَانَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ،وَ مَنْ سَافَرَ فِيهِ فَلْيُفْطِرْ».

99-/834—He said: So he said, “How clear it is to whoever understands it! Whoever witnesses Ramadan, let him fast it; and whoever travels in it, let him break the fast.”

99-/834 _5- وَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ حَدِّ الْمَرَضِ الَّذِي يَجِبُ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ فِيهِ الْإِفْطَارُ،كَمَا يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ فِي السَّفَرِ[فِي]قَوْلِهِ: وَ مَنْ كٰانَ مَرِيضاً أَوْ عَلىٰ سَفَرٍ [1].

قَالَ:«هُوَ مُؤْتَمَنٌ عَلَيْهِ،مُفَوَّضٌ إِلَيْهِ،فَإِنْ وَجَدَ ضَعْفاً فَلْيُفْطِرْ،وَ إِنْ وَجَدَ قُوَّةً فَلْيَصُمْ،كَانَ الْمَرِيضُ عَلَى مَا كَانَ».

99-/834 _5- And from Abu Basir, who said: I asked Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) about the threshold of illness for which its bearer must break the fast, just as he must in travel—regarding His saying: And whoever is sick or on a journey [1]. He said: He is entrusted with it; it is delegated to him. If he finds weakness, let him break the fast; and if he finds strength, let him fast. The sick person remains as he is.

99-/835 _6- وَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «صَوْمُ السَّفَرِ وَ الْمَرَضِ،إِنَّ الْعَامَّةَ اخْتَلَفَتْ فِي ذَلِكَ؛فَقَالَ قَوْمٌ:يَصُومُ،وَ قَالَ قَوْمٌ:لاَ يَصُومُ،وَ قَالَ قَوْمٌ:إِنْ شَاءَ صَامَ،وَ إِنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ،وَ أَمَّا نَحْنُ فَنَقُولُ:يُفْطِرُ فِي الْحَالَيْنِ جَمِيعاً؛فَإِنْ صَامَ فِي السَّفَرِ أَوْ حَالِ الْمَرَضِ فَعَلَيْهِ قَضَاءُ ذَلِكَ،فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ: فَمَنْ كٰانَ مِنْكُمْ مَرِيضاً أَوْ عَلىٰ سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيّٰامٍ أُخَرَ ،وَ قَوْلُهُ: يُرِيدُ اللّٰهُ بِكُمُ الْيُسْرَ وَ لاٰ يُرِيدُ بِكُمُ الْعُسْرَ [2]».

99-/835 _6- And from al-Zuhri, from ‘Ali ibn al-Husayn (peace be upon them), who said: Fasting while traveling and sick—the common folk have differed about it: some said he should fast; some said he should not; and some said it is optional. As for us, we say he must break the fast in both conditions; and if he fasts while traveling or in the state of illness, he must make it up, for Allah says: So whoever among you is sick or on a journey, then (he shall fast) a (like) number of other days, and His saying: Allah desires ease for you, and He does not desire hardship for you [2].

99-/836 _7- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا،عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ،عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ،عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ الْعَبْدِيِّ،عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ،قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ [3]؟ قَالَ:«مَا أَبْيَنَهَا!مَنْ شَهِدَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ،وَ مَنْ سَافَرَ فَلاَ يَصُمْهُ».

99-/836 _7- Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub, from a number of our companions, from Sahl ibn Ziyad, from al-Hasan ibn Mahbub, from ‘Abd al-‘Aziz al-‘Abdi, from ‘Ubayd ibn Zurara, who said: I said to Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him): His, Mighty and Majestic, saying: So whoever of you witnesses the month, let him fast it [3]? He said: How clear it is! Whoever witnesses it must fast it; and whoever travels must not fast it.

99-/837 _8- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ،عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى،عَنِ الْعَلاَءِ بْنِ رَزِينٍ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعٰامُ مِسْكِينٍ .

قَالَ:«الشَّيْخُ الْكَبِيرُ،وَ الَّذِي يَأْخُذُهُ الْعُطَاشُ».

وَ عَنْ قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: فَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَإِطْعٰامُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً [4]قَالَ:«[مِنْ]مَرَضٍ أَوْ عُطَاشٍ».

99-/837 _8- And from him: from Muhammad ibn Yahya, from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn, from Safwan ibn Yahya, from al-‘Ala’ ibn Razin, from Muhammad ibn Muslim, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), regarding Allah’s saying: And for those who can bear it, a ransom—the feeding of a poor person. He said: The very elderly, and the one afflicted with chronic thirst. And regarding His saying: But whoever cannot (find), then the feeding of sixty poor persons [4], he said: Due to illness or (chronic) thirst.

99-/838 _9- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ،عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ،عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعٰامُ مِسْكِينٍ .

قَالَ:«الَّذِينَ كَانُوا يُطِيقُونَ الصَّوْمَ فَأَصَابَهُمْ كِبَرٌ أَوْ عُطَاشٌ أَوْ شِبْهُ ذَلِكَ،فَعَلَيْهِمْ لِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ مُدٌّ [1]».

99-/838 _9- And from him: from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Ibn Faddal, from Ibn Bukayr, from some of our companions, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), regarding Allah’s saying: And for those who can bear it, a ransom—the feeding of a poor person. He said: Those who used to be able to fast, but then old age or chronic thirst or the like befell them; upon each of them is, for every day, a mudd [1].

99-/839 _10- الشَّيْخُ فِي(التَّهْذِيبِ):بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ،عَنْ فَضَالَةَ،عَنِ الْعَلاَءِ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعٰامُ مِسْكِينٍ .قَالَ:«الشَّيْخُ الْكَبِيرُ،وَ الَّذِي يَأْخُذُهُ الْعُطَاشُ».

وَ عَنْ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: فَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَإِطْعٰامُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً [2]قَالَ:«مِنْ مَرَضٍ أَوْ عُطَاشٍ».

99-/839 _10- The Shaykh in (al-Tahdhib), with his chain from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id, from Fadala, from al-‘Ala’, from Muhammad ibn Muslim, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), regarding Allah’s saying: And for those who can bear it, a ransom—the feeding of a poor person. He said: The very elderly, and the one afflicted with chronic thirst. And regarding His saying: But whoever cannot (find), then the feeding of sixty poor persons [2], he said: Due to illness or chronic thirst.

99-/840 _11- ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ:بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ ،أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ الصَّادِقَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعٰامُ مِسْكِينٍ .

قَالَ:«عَلَى الَّذِينَ كَانُوا يُطِيقُونَ الصَّوْمَ ثُمَّ أَصَابَهُمْ كِبَرٌ أَوْ عُطَاشٌ أَوْ شِبْهُ ذَلِكَ،فَعَلَيْهِمْ لِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ مُدٌّ».

99-/840 _11- Ibn Babawayh, with his chain from Ibn Bukayr, that he asked al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) about Allah’s saying: And for those who can bear it, a ransom—the feeding of a poor person. He said: It is for those who used to be able to fast, then old age or chronic thirst or the like befell them; upon them is, for every day, a mudd.

99-/841 _12- أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الطَّبْرِسِيُّ،قَالَ:رَوَى عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: « وَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ مَنْ مَرِضَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَأَفْطَرَ،ثُمَّ صَحَّ فَلَمْ يَقْضِ مَا فَاتَهُ حَتَّى جَاءَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانٍ آخَرَ، فَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَقْضِيَ وَ يَتَصَدَّقَ لِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ مُدّاً مِنْ طَعَامٍ».

99-/841 _12- Abu ‘Ali al-Tabrisi said: ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim narrated with his chain from al-Sadiq (peace be upon him), who said: And for those who can bear it, a ransom—whoever fell ill in the month of Ramadan and broke the fast, then recovered but did not make up what he missed until another Ramadan came, must make it up and give charity of one mudd of food for each day.

99-/842 _13- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ،عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: وَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعٰامُ مِسْكِينٍ .

قَالَ:«هُوَ الشَّيْخُ الْكَبِيرُ الَّذِي لاَ يَسْتَطِيعُ،وَ الْمَرِيضُ».

99-/842 _13- Al-‘Ayyashi, from Sama‘ah, from Abu Basir, who said: I asked him about Allah’s saying: And for those who can bear it, a ransom—the feeding of a poor person. He said: It is the very elderly who cannot (fast), and the sick.

99-/843 _14- وَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِهِ: وَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعٰامُ مِسْكِينٍ .

قَالَ:«الشَّيْخُ الْكَبِيرُ،وَ الَّذِي يَأْخُذُهُ الْعُطَاشُ».

99-/843 _14- And from Muhammad ibn Muslim, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), regarding His saying: And for those who can bear it, a ransom—the feeding of a poor person. He said: The very elderly, and the one afflicted with chronic thirst.

99-/844 _15- وَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَرِضَ مِنْ رَمَضَانٍ إِلَى رَمَضَانٍ قَابِلٍ،وَ لَمْ يَصِحَّ بَيْنَهُمَا،وَ لَمْ يُطِقِ الصَّوْمَ.

قَالَ:«تَصَدَّقَ مَكَانَ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ أَفْطَرَ عَلَى مِسْكِينٍ مُدّاً مِنْ طَعَامٍ،وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ حِنْطَةٌ فَمُدٌّ مِنْ تَمْرٍ،وَ هُوَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ:

فِدْيَةٌ طَعٰامُ مِسْكِينٍ فَإِنِ اسْتَطَاعَ أَنْ يَصُومَ رَمَضَانَ الَّذِي يَسْتَقْبِلُ،وَ إِلاَّ فَلْيَتَرَبَّصْ إِلَى رَمَضَانٍ قَابِلٍ فَيَقْضِيهِ،فَإِنْ

لَمْ يَصِحَّ حَتَّى جَاءَ رَمَضَانٌ قَابِلٌ،فَلْيَتَصَدَّقْ-كَمَا تَصَدَّقَ-مَكَانَ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ أَفْطَرَ مُدّاً،وَ إِنْ صَحَّ فِيمَا بَيْنَ الرَّمَضَانَيْنِ فَتَوَانَى أَنْ يَقْضِيَهُ حَتَّى جَاءَ الرَّمَضَانُ الْآخَرُ،فَإِنَّ عَلَيْهِ الصَّوْمَ وَ الصَّدَقَةَ جَمِيعاً؛يَقْضِي الصَّوْمَ وَ يَتَصَدَّقُ،مِنْ أَجْلِ أَنَّهُ ضَيَّعَ ذَلِكَ الصِّيَامَ».

99-/844 _15- And from Abu Basir, who said: I asked him about a man who was ill from one Ramadan to the next, did not recover between them, and was unable to fast. He said: He should give charity for every day he broke the fast—a mudd of food to a poor person—and if not wheat, then a mudd of dates. And that is Allah’s saying: A ransom—the feeding of a poor person. If he is able to fast the Ramadan that is coming, then (fine); otherwise, let him wait until the following Ramadan and then make it up. If he still does not recover until the next Ramadan comes, let him give charity—as he gave—one mudd for every day he broke; and if he recovered between the two Ramadans but delayed making it up until the next Ramadan came, then both fasting and charity are due upon him: he makes up the fast and gives charity, because he neglected that fasting.

99-/845 _16- وَ عَنِ الْعَلاَءِ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: وَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعٰامُ مِسْكِينٍ .

قَالَ:«الشَّيْخُ الْكَبِيرُ،وَ الَّذِي يَأْخُذُهُ الْعُطَاشُ».

99-/845 _16- And from al-‘Ala’, from Muhammad, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), who said: I asked him about Allah’s saying: And for those who can bear it, a ransom—the feeding of a poor person. He said: The very elderly, and the one afflicted with chronic thirst.

99-/846 _17- وَ عَنْ رِفَاعَةَ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِهِ: وَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعٰامُ مِسْكِينٍ .

قَالَ:«الْمَرْأَةُ تَخَافُ عَلَى وَلَدِهَا،وَ الشَّيْخُ الْكَبِيرُ».

99-/846 _17- And from Rifa‘ah, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), regarding His saying: And for those who can bear it, a ransom—the feeding of a poor person. He said: A woman who fears for her child, and the very elderly.

99-/847 _18- وَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ،قَالَ:سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَقُولُ: «[الشَّيْخُ]الْكَبِيرُ،وَ الَّذِي بِهِ الْعُطَاشُ،لاَ حَرَجَ عَلَيْهِمَا أَنْ يُفْطِرَا فِي رَمَضَانَ،وَ تَصَدَّقَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ بِمُدٍّ [1] مِنْ طَعَامٍ،وَ لاَ قَضَاءَ عَلَيْهِمَا،فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرَا فَلاَ شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِمَا».

99-/847 _18- And from Muhammad ibn Muslim, who said: I heard Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) say: The very elderly and the one with chronic thirst—there is no blame on them to break the fast in Ramadan, and each of them should give, for each day, a mudd [1] of food; and there is no makeup upon them. If they are unable (to give), then there is nothing upon them.

قوله تعالى:

شَهْرُ رَمَضٰانَ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنُ هُدىً لِلنّٰاسِ وَ بَيِّنٰاتٍ مِنَ الْهُدىٰ وَ الْفُرْقٰانِ[185]

Qur’an 2:185—The month of Ramadhan is that in which the Quran was revealed, a guidance for men and clear proofs of the guidance and the distinction. (M. H. Shakir)

99-/848 _1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ،عَنْ عَمْرٍو الشَّامِيِّ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «إِنَّ الشُّهُورَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ اثْنَا عَشَرَ شَهْراً فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ الْأَرْضَ؛فَغُرَّةُ الشُّهُورِ شَهْرُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ ذِكْرُهُ وَ هُوَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ،وَ قَلْبُ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ،وَ نَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ فِي أَوَّلِ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ،فَاسْتَقْبِلِ الشَّهْرَ بِالْقُرْآنِ».

99-/848 _1- Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub, from ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim, from his father, from ‘Abdullah ibn al-Mughirah, from ‘Amr al-Shami, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), who said: Indeed, the months with Allah are twelve months in the Book of Allah on the day He created the heavens and the earth. The choicest of the months is the month of Allah—mighty is His remembrance—and it is the month of Ramadan; and the heart of the month of Ramadan is the Night of Decree; and the Qur’an was sent down on the first night of the month of Ramadan. So greet the month with the Qur’an.

99-/849 _2- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ؛وَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ

99-/849 _2- And from him: from ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim, from his father; and (also) ‘Ali ibn Muhammad, from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad, from Sulayman ibn …

_1) -الكافي 4:1/86.

al-Kāfī 4:1/86.

_2) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:190/81.

Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:190/81.

_3) -تفسير العيّاشي ك‌ 1:186/80.

Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī, k. 1:186/80.

_4) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:187/81.

Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:187/81.

[1] في«س»:سفيان عن عتيبة و في«ط»:سفيان عن عيينة،تصحيف صوابه ما في المتن،و هو سفيان بن عيينة الهلالي الكوفيّ،من أتقن أصحاب الزّهري،و أثبت الناس في حديثه،انظر ترجمته في تهذيب الكمال 11:177 و معجم رجال الحديث 8:157.

fī “S”: Sufyān ‘an ‘Utaybah; wa fī “T”: Sufyān ‘an ‘Uyaynah; taṣḥīf, ṣawābuhu mā fī al-matn, wa huwa Sufyān ibn ‘Uyaynah al-Hilālī al-Kūfī, min atqani aṣḥāb al-Zuhrī, wa athbatu al-nāsi fī ḥadīthih; unẓur tarjamatahu fī Tahdhīb al-Kamāl 11:177 wa Ma‘jam Rijāl al-Ḥadīth 8:157.

[2] كراع الغميم:موضع بناحية الحجاز بين مكّة و المدينة.«معجم البلدان 4:443».

Kurā‘ al-Ghamīm: mawḍi‘ bi-nāḥiyat al-Ḥijāz bayna Makkah wa al-Madīnah. “Mu‘jam al-Buldān 4:443.”

[3] البقرة 2:185.

al-Baqarah 2:185.

[4] البقرة 2:185.

al-Baqarah 2:185.

_5) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:189/81.

Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:189/81.

_6) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:192/82.

Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:192/82.

_7) -الكافي 4:1/126.

al-Kāfī 4:1/126.

_8) -الكافي 4:1/116.

al-Kāfī 4:1/116.

_9) -الكافي 4:5/116.

al-Kāfī 4:5/116.

[1] البقرة 2:185.

al-Baqarah 2:185.

[2] البقرة 2:185.

al-Baqarah 2:185.

[3] البقرة 2:185.

al-Baqarah 2:185.

[4] المجادلة 58:4.

al-Mujādalah 58:4.

_10) -التهذيب 4:695/237.

al-Tahdhīb 4:695/237.

_11) -من لا يحضره الفقيه 2:377/84.

Man Lā Yaḥḍuruhu al-Faqīh 2:377/84.

_12) -مجمع البيان 2:494.

Majma‘ al-Bayān 2:494.

_13) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:177/78.

Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:177/78.

_14) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:176/78.

Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:176/78.

_15) -تفسير العيّاشي 1 لا 178/79.

Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1 lā 178/79.

[1] المدّ:مقدّر بأن يمدّ يديه فيملأ كفّيه طعاما،و هو ربع الصاع.«مجمع البحرين-مدد-3:144».

al-mudd: muqaddar bi-an yamudda yadayhi fayamlā kaffayhi ṭa‘āman, wa huwa rub‘ al-ṣā‘. “Majma‘ al-Baḥrayn—m-d-d—3:144.”

[2] المجادلة 58:4.

al-Mujādalah 58:4.