S 2 A 92

قال: «فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَقُولُ: قَدْ كُنْتُ لِعَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ بِالْوَلاَيَةِ شَاهِداً، وَلِآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ مُحِبّاً؛ وَهُوَ فِي ذَلِكَ كَاذِبٌ، يَظُنُّ أَنَّ كَذِبَهُ يُنْجِيهِ. فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: سَوْفَ نَسْتَشْهِدُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ عَلِيّاً. فَتَشْهَدُ أَنْتَ - يَا أَبَا حَسَنٍ - فَتَقُولُ: اَلْجَنَّةُ لِأَوْلِيَائِي شَاهِدَةٌ، وَالنَّارُ عَلَى أَعْدَائِي شَاهِدَةٌ؛ فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْهُمْ صَادِقاً خَرَجَتْ إِلَيْهِ رِيَاحُ الْجَنَّةِ وَنَسِيمُهَا فَاحْتَمَلَتْهُ، فَأَوْرَدَتْهُ عَلاَلِيَّ الْجَنَّةِ وَغُرَفَهَا، وَأَحَلَّتْهُ دَارَ الْمُقَامَةِ مِنْ فَضْلِ رَبِّهِ [1]، لاَ يَمَسُّهُ فِيهَا نَصَبٌ، وَلاَ يَمَسُّهُ فِيهَا لُغُوبٌ، وَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْهُمْ كَاذِباً، جَاءَتْهُ [2] سَمُومُ النَّارِ وَحَمِيمُهَا وَظِلُّهَا الَّذِي هُوَ ثَلاَثُ شُعَبٍ، لاَ ظَلِيلٍ وَلاَ يُغْنِي مِنَ اللَّهَبِ [3] فَتَحْمِلُهُ، فَتَرْفَعُهُ فِي الْهَوَاءِ، وَتُورِدُهُ فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ. ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ (صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): فَلِذَلِكَ أَنْتَ قَسِيمُ الْجَنَّةِ وَالنَّارِ، تَقُولُ لَهَا: هَذَا لِي، وَهَذَا لَكِ».

Translation: He said: “Among them is one who says: I was a witness to the guardianship of Ali son of Abu Talib, and a lover of the family of Muhammad; yet in this he is lying, thinking his lie will save him. It will be said to him: We shall call Ali to bear witness to that. Then you—O Abu al‑Hasan—will testify, and you will say: Paradise testifies for my friends, and the Fire testifies against my enemies. So whoever among them was truthful, the breezes and fragrance of Paradise come to him and carry him, bringing him to the high places and chambers of Paradise, and lodging him in the abode of permanence by the grace of his Lord [1], where no weariness touches him nor fatigue affects him. But whoever among them was lying, there comes upon him [2] the hot wind of the Fire, its boiling water, and its shade which is three branches—no cooling shade and of no avail against the flame [3]—and it carries him, lifting him into the air, and casts him into the Fire of Hell. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: For this reason you are the Distributor of Paradise and the Fire: you say to it, ‘This one is for me, and that one is for you.’”

99-/558 _2- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ: قَالَ جَابِرٌ: قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ (صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) هَكَذَا وَاللَّهِ (وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ مَاذَا أَنْزَلَ رَبُّكُمْ فِي عَلِيٍّ) يَعْنِي بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ، قٰالُوا نُؤْمِنُ بِمَا أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْنَا يَعْنِي فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ، بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَيَكْفُرُونَ بِمَا وَرَاءَهُ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِي عَلِيٍّ وَهُوَ الْحَقُّ مُصَدِّقاً لِمَا مَعَهُمْ يَعْنِي عَلِيّاً».

99-/558 _2- al-‘Ayyāshī: Jabir said: Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) said: “By Allah, this verse was revealed to Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) in this way: ‘And when it is said to them: What has your Lord sent down regarding Ali?’—meaning the Banu Umayya. They say, ‘We believe in what has been sent down to us,’ meaning in their hearts, in what Allah has sent down to him, while they disbelieve in what is besides it—namely, what Allah sent down regarding Ali—and it is the truth confirming what is with them, meaning Ali.”

99-/559 _3- عَنْ أَبِي عَمْرٍو الزُّبَيْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، قَالَ: «قَالَ اللَّهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ يَحْكِي قَوْلَ الْيَهُودِ: إِنَّ اللّٰهَ عَهِدَ إِلَيْنٰا أَلَّا نُؤْمِنَ لِرَسُولٍ حَتّىٰ يَأْتِيَنٰا بِقُرْبٰانٍ [4] الْآيَةَ، وَقَالَ: فَلِمَ تَقْتُلُونَ أَنْبِيٰاءَ اللّٰهِ مِنْ قَبْلُ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ وَإِنَّمَا أُنْزِلَ هَذَا فِي قَوْمِ يَهُودَ، وَكَانُوا عَلَى عَهْدِ مُحَمَّدٍ (صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) لَمْ يَقْتُلُوا أَنْبِيَاءَ اللَّهِ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ، وَلَا كَانُوا فِي زَمَانِهِمْ، وَإِنَّمَا قَتَلَ أَوَائِلُهُمُ [5] الَّذِينَ كَانُوا مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ، فَنُزِّلُوا بِهِمْ أُولَئِكَ الْقَتَلَةَ، فَجَعَلَهُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْهُمْ، وَأَضَافَ إِلَيْهِمْ فِعْلَ أَوَائِلِهِمْ بِمَا تَبِعُوهُمْ وَتَوَلَّوْهُمْ».

99-/559 _3- From Abu ‘Amr al-Zubayrī, from Abu ‘Abd Allah (peace be upon him), he said: “Allah said in His Book, relating the statement of the Jews: ‘Surely Allah has made a covenant with us that we shall not believe in any messenger until he brings us an offering’ [4]—the verse—and He said: ‘Why then did you kill Allah’s prophets before, if you were believers?’ This was revealed about the people of the Jews. In the time of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family), they had not themselves killed the prophets of Allah with their own hands, nor were they in their times; rather, it was their predecessors [5] who had done so before them. Yet they were reckoned with those killers, so Allah made them of them, and He ascribed to them the deeds of their predecessors because they followed them and took them as allies.”

قوله تعالى:

وَ لَقَدْ جٰاءَكُمْ مُوسىٰ بِالْبَيِّنٰاتِ ثُمَّ اتَّخَذْتُمُ الْعِجْلَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ وَ أَنْتُمْ ظٰالِمُونَ [92]

Qur’an 2:92 (M. H. Shakir): And most certainly Musa came to you with clear arguments, then you took the calf (for a god) in his absence and you were unjust.

99-/560 _1- قَالَ الْإِمَامُ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لِلْيَهُودِ الَّذِينَ تَقَدَّمَ ذِكْرُهُمْ: وَ لَقَدْ جٰاءَكُمْ مُوسىٰ بِالْبَيِّنٰاتِ الدَّالاَّتِ عَلَى نُبُوَّتِهِ، وَعَلَى مَا وَصَفَهُ مِنْ فَضْلِ مُحَمَّدٍ (صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)، وَشَرَفِهِ عَلَى الْخَلَائِقِ، وَأَبَانَ عَنْهُ مِنْ خِلَافَةِ عَلِيٍّ وَوَصِيَّتِهِ، وَأَمْرِ خُلَفَائِهِ بَعْدَهُ ثُمَّ اتَّخَذْتُمُ الْعِجْلَ إِلٰهاً مِنْ بَعْدِهِ بَعْدَ انْطِلَاقِهِ إِلَى الْجَبَلِ، وَخَالَفْتُمْ خَلِيفَتَهُ الَّذِي نَصَّ عَلَيْهِ وَتَرَكَهُ عَلَيْكُمْ، وَهُوَ هَارُونُ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) وَأَنْتُمْ ظٰالِمُونَ كَافِرُونَ بِمَا فَعَلْتُمْ مِنْ ذٰلِكَ».

99-/560 _1- Imam al-‘Askari (peace be upon him) said: “Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said to the Jews previously mentioned: ‘And most certainly Musa came to you with the clear proofs’—which indicated his prophethood, and what he described of the excellence of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) and his nobility over the creatures, and what he made clear concerning the succession of Ali and his designation, and the command regarding his successors after him. Then you took the calf as a god after him, after his departure to the mountain, and you opposed his deputy whom he had designated and left over you—namely, Harun (peace be upon him)—and you were wrongdoers, unbelievers for what you did of that.”

_2) -تفسير العيّاشيّ 1:71/51.

Transliteration: Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:71/51.

_3) -تفسير العيّاشيّ 1:27/51.

Transliteration: Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:27/51.

_1) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السلام):278/408.

Transliteration: al-Tafsīr al-mansūb ilā al-Imām al-‘Askarī (alayhi al-salām): 278/408.

[1] في «ط» نسخة بدل: ربي.

Transliteration: fī "T" nuskha badal: rabbī.

[2] في «ط» نسخة بدل: أصابته.

Transliteration: fī "T" nuskha badal: aṣābat-hu.

[3] تضمين من سورة المرسلات 77:30 و 31.

Transliteration: taḍmīn min Sūrat al-Mursalāt 77:30 wa 31.

[4] آل عمران 3:183.

Transliteration: Āl ‘Imrān 3:183.

[5] في «س»، «ط»: أوليائهم.

Transliteration: fī "S", "T": awliyā’ihim.

قوله تعالى:

وَ إِذْ أَخَذْنٰا مِيثٰاقَكُمْ وَ رَفَعْنٰا فَوْقَكُمُ الطُّورَ خُذُوا مٰا آتَيْنٰاكُمْ بِقُوَّةٍ وَ اسْمَعُوا قٰالُوا سَمِعْنٰا وَ عَصَيْنٰا وَ أُشْرِبُوا فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الْعِجْلَ بِكُفْرِهِمْ قُلْ بِئْسَمٰا يَأْمُرُكُمْ بِهِ إِيمٰانُكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ [93]

Qur’an 2:93 (M. H. Shakir): And when We made a covenant with you and lifted the mountain over you: Take hold of what We have given you with firmness and give ear. They said: We hear and we disobey. And they were made to imbibe (the love of) the calf into their hearts on account of their unbelief. Say: Evil is that which your belief enjoins you if you are believers.

99-/561 _1- قَالَ الْإِمَامُ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَاذْكُرُوا إِذْ فَعَلْنَا ذَلِكَ بِأَسْلَافِكُمْ لَمَّا أَبَوْا قَبُولَ مَا جَاءَهُمْ بِهِ مُوسَى (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) مِنْ دِينِ اللَّهِ وَأَحْكَامِهِ، وَمِنَ الْأَمْرِ بِتَفْضِيلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلِيٍّ (صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمَا) وَخُلَفَائِهِمَا عَلَى سَائِرِ الْخَلْقِ. خُذُوا مَا آتَيْنَاكُمْ قُلْنَا لَهُمْ: خُذُوا مَا آتَيْنَاكُمْ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْفَرَائِضِ بِقُوَّةٍ قَدْ جَعَلْنَاهَا لَكُمْ، وَمَكَّنَّاكُمْ بِهَا، وَأَزَحْنَا عِلَلَكُمْ [1] فِي تَرْكِيبِهَا فِيكُمْ وَاسْمَعُوا مَا يُقَالُ لَكُمْ، وَتُؤْمَرُونَ بِهِ قٰالُوا سَمِعْنَا قَوْلَكَ وَعَصَيْنَا أَمْرَكَ، أَيْ إِنَّهُمْ عَصَوْا بَعْدُ، وَأَضْمَرُوا فِي الْحَالِ أَيْضاً الْعِصْيَانَ وَأُشْرِبُوا فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الْعِجْلَ أُمِرُوا بِشُرْبِ الْعِجْلِ الَّذِي كَانَ قَدْ ذُرِّيَتْ سُحَالَتُهُ [2] فِي الْمَاءِ الَّذِي أُمِرُوا بِشُرْبِهِ، لِيَتَبَيَّنَ مَنْ عَبَدَهُ مِمَّنْ لَمْ يَعْبُدْهُ بِكُفْرِهِمْ لِأَجْلِ كُفْرِهِمْ، أُمِرُوا بِذَلِكَ. قُلْ يَا مُحَمَّدُ بِئْسَمَا يَأْمُرُكُمْ بِهِ إِيمَانُكُمْ بِمُوسَى كُفْرَكُمْ بِمُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلِيٍّ وَأَوْلِيَاءِ اللَّهِ مِنْ آلِهِمَا إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ بِتَوْرَاةِ مُوسَى، وَلَكِنْ مَعَاذَ اللَّهِ، لَا يَأْمُرُكُمْ إِيمَانُكُمْ بِالتَّوْرَاةِ الْكُفْرَ بِمُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلِيٍّ (عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)». قَالَ الْإِمَامُ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى ذَكَّرَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ فِي عَصْرِ مُحَمَّدٍ (صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) أَحْوَالَ آبَائِهِمُ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا فِي أَيَّامِ مُوسَى (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، كَيْفَ أُخِذَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْعَهْدُ وَالْمِيثَاقُ لِمُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلِيٍّ وَآلِهِمَا الطَّيِّبِينَ الْمُنْتَجَبِينَ لِلْخِلَافَةِ عَلَى الْخَلَائِقِ، وَلِأَصْحَابِهِمَا وَشِيعَتِهِمَا وَسَائِرِ أُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ (صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)».

99-/561 _1- Imam al-‘Askari (peace be upon him) said: “Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: And remember when We did that to your ancestors when they refused to accept what Musa (peace be upon him) brought them of Allah’s religion and His rulings, and of the command to prefer Muhammad and Ali (blessings of Allah be upon them) and their successors over the rest of creation. Take what We have given you—we said to them: Take what We have given you of these obligations with strength which We have granted you, by which We empowered you, and by which We removed your excuses [1] in establishing them within you; and listen to what is said to you and what you are commanded. They said: We hear Your word and we disobey Your command—meaning they disobeyed afterwards, and they also inwardly intended disobedience at that moment. And they were made to imbibe the calf into their hearts—they were commanded to drink (from) the calf whose filings had been scattered [2] into the water they were commanded to drink, so that it might become clear who had worshiped it and who had not. Because of their unbelief, they were commanded to do that. Say, O Muhammad: Evil is that which your belief in Musa commands you—your unbelief in Muhammad and Ali and the friends of Allah from their family—if you are believers in the Torah of Musa. But far be it from Allah! Your belief in the Torah does not command you to disbelieve in Muhammad and Ali (peace be upon them).” The Imam (peace be upon him) said: “The Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) said: Verily Allah Most High reminded the Children of Israel in the era of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) of the conditions of their forefathers who were in the days of Musa (peace be upon him)—how the covenant and compact were taken upon them regarding Muhammad and Ali and their pure ones, chosen for the caliphate over the creatures, and regarding their companions and their Shī‘a and the rest of the community of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family).”

_1) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السّلام):290/424 و 291.

Transliteration: al-Tafsīr al-mansūb ilā al-Imām al-‘Askarī (alayhi al-salām): 290/424 wa 291.

[1] في «ط» نسخة بدل: و أرحنا عليكم.

Transliteration: fī "T" nuskha badal: wa araḥnā ‘alaykum.

[2] السّحالة: ما سقط من الذهب والفضّة ونحوهما كالبرادة. «الصحاح-سحل-5:1727».

Transliteration: al-siḥālah: mā saqaṭa min al-dhahab wa al-fiḍḍah wa nahwihimā kal-barādah. “al-Ṣiḥāḥ – saḥala – 5:1727.”