Al-Hajj Ayah 13

قوله تعالى:

ذٰلِكَ بِمٰا قَدَّمَتْ يَدٰاكَ وَ أَنَّ اللّٰهَ لَيْسَ بِظَلاّٰمٍ لِلْعَبِيدِ [الحج 22:10]

That is for what your two hands have sent before, and that Allah is not in the least unjust to the servants. (M. H. Shakir)

99-/1- الطَّبْرِسِيُّ فِي (الْإِحْتِجَاجِ)، يَرْفَعُهُ إِلَى الْإِمَامِ الْهَادِي (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فِي حَدِيثٍ: قَالَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): فَأَمَّا الْجَبْرُ: فَهُوَ قَوْلُ مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ جَبَرَ الْعِبَادَ عَلَى الْمَعَاصِي وَ عَاقَبَهُمْ عَلَيْهَا؛ وَ مَنْ قَالَ بِهَذَا الْقَوْلِ فَقَدْ ظَلَّمَ اللَّهَ وَ كَذَّبَهُ، وَ رَدَّ عَلَيْهِ قَوْلَهُ: وَ لاٰ يَظْلِمُ رَبُّكَ أَحَداً [1] وَ قَوْلَهُ جَلَّ ذِكْرُهُ: ذٰلِكَ بِمٰا قَدَّمَتْ يَدٰاكَ وَ أَنَّ اللّٰهَ لَيْسَ بِظَلاّٰمٍ لِلْعَبِيدِ، فَمَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ مَجْبُورٌ عَلَى الْمَعَاصِي فَقَدْ أَحَالَ بِذَنْبِهِ عَلَى اللَّهِ وَ ظَلَّمَهُ فِي عَظَمَتِهِ لَهُ، وَ مَنْ ظَلَّمَ رَبَّهُ فَقَدْ كَذَّبَ كِتَابَهُ، وَ مَنْ كَذَّبَ كِتَابَهُ لَزِمَهُ الْكُفْرُ بِإِجْمَاعِ الْأُمَّةِ.

99-/1- al-Tabrisī in al-Ihtijāj (451), raising it to Imam al-Hādī (peace be upon him), in a report: He (peace be upon him) said: As for compulsion (jabr): it is the statement of one who claims that Allah, Mighty and Majestic, has compelled the servants to sins and then punished them for them; and whoever says this has wronged Allah and belied Him, rejecting His word: And your Lord does not wrong anyone [1], and His exalted statement: That is for what your two hands have sent before, and that Allah is not in the least unjust to the servants. Whoever claims he is compelled to commit sins has ascribed his sin to Allah and has wronged Him in His majesty. Whoever wrongs his Lord has belied His Book; and whoever belies His Book, unbelief becomes incumbent upon him by consensus of the community.

[1] الكهف 18:49 — al-Kahf 18:49

قوله تعالى:

يَدْعُوا لِمَنْ ضَرُّهُ أَقْرَبُ مِنْ نَفْعِهِ لَبِئْسَ الْمَوْلىٰ وَ لَبِئْسَ الْعَشِيرُ [الحج 22:13]

He calls upon that which harms him more than that which profits him; certainly an evil guardian and certainly an evil associate! (M. H. Shakir)

99-/2- فِي كِتَابِ (مِصْبَاحِ الشَّرِيعَةِ): قَالَ الصَّادِقُ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): أَحْسَنُ الْمَوْعِظَةِ مَا لاَ يُجَاوِزُ الْقَوْلُ حَدَّ الصِّدْقِ، وَ الْفِعْلُ حَدَّ الْإِخْلاَصِ، فَإِنَّ مَثَلَ الْوَاعِظِ وَ الْمُتَّعِظِ كَالْيَقْظَانِ وَ الرَّاقِدِ، فَمَنِ اسْتَيْقَظَ عَنْ رَقْدَتِهِ وَ غَفْلَتِهِ وَ مُخَالَفَتِهِ وَ مَعَاصِيهِ، صَلَحَ أَنْ يُوقِظَ غَيْرَهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الرُّقَادِ، وَ أَمَّا السَّائِرُ فِي مَفَاوِزِ الاِعْتِدَاءِ، وَ الْخَائِضُ فِي مَرَاتِعِ الْغَيِّ وَ تَرْكِ الْحَيَاءِ، بِاسْتِحْبَابِ السُّمْعَةِ وَ الرِّيَاءِ، وَ الشُّهْرَةِ وَ التَّصَنُّعِ فِي الْخَلْقِ، الْمُتَزَيِّي بِزِيِّ الصَّالِحِينَ، الْمُظْهِرُ بِكَلاَمِهِ عِمَارَةَ بَاطِنِهِ، وَ هُوَ فِي الْحَقِيقَةِ خَالٍ عَنْهَا، قَدْ غَمَرَتْهَا وَحْشَةُ حُبِّ الْمَحْمَدَةِ، وَ غَشِيَتْهَا ظُلْمَةُ الطَّمَعِ، فَمَا أَفْتَنَهُ بِهَوَاهُ، وَ أَضَلَّ النَّاسَ بِمَقَالِهِ! قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: لَبِئْسَ الْمَوْلىٰ وَ لَبِئْسَ الْعَشِيرُ. وَ أَمَّا مَنْ عَصَمَهُ اللَّهُ بِنُورِ التَّأْيِيدِ، وَ حُسْنِ التَّوْفِيقِ وَ طَهَّرَ قَلْبَهُ مِنَ الدَّنَسِ، فَلاَ يُفَارِقُ الْمَعْرِفَةَ وَ التُّقَى، فَيَسْتَمِعُ الْكَلاَمَ مِنَ الْأَصْلِ وَ يَتْرُكُ قَائِلَهُ كَيْفَمَا كَانَ، قَالَتِ الْحُكَمَاءُ: خُذِ الْحِكْمَةَ وَلَوْ مِنْ أَفْوَاهِ الْمَجَانِينِ؛ قَالَ عِيسَى (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): جَالِسُوا مَنْ تُذَكِّرُكُمُ اللَّهَ رُؤْيَتُهُ وَ لِقَاؤُهُ، فَضْلاً عَنِ الْكَلاَمِ، وَ لاَ تُجَالِسُوا مَنْ يُوَافِقُهُ ظَاهِرُكُمْ، وَ يُخَالِفُهُ بَاطِنُكُمْ، فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ الْمُدَّعِي بِمَا لَيْسَ لَهُ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ فِي اسْتِفَادَتِكُمْ، فَإِذَا لَقِيتَ مَنْ فِيهِ ثَلاَثُ خِصَالٍ فَاغْتَنِمْ رُؤْيَتَهُ وَ لِقَاءَهُ وَ مُجَالَسَتُهُ وَلَوْ سَاعَةً، فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ يُؤَثِّرُ فِي دِينِكَ وَ قَلْبِكَ وَ عِبَادَتِكَ بَرَكَاتُهُ، وَ مَنْ كَانَ قَوْلُهُ لاَ يُجَاوِزَ فِعْلَهُ، وَ فِعْلُهُ لاَ يُجَاوِزُ صِدْقَهُ، وَ صِدْقُهُ لاَ يُنَازِعُ رَبَّهُ، فَجَالِسْهُ بِالْحُرْمَةِ، وَ انْتَظِرِ الرَّحْمَةَ وَ الْبَرَكَةَ، وَ احْذَرْ لُزُومَ الْحُجَّةِ عَلَيْكَ، وَ رَاعِ وَقْتَهُ كَيْلاَ تَلُومَهُ فَتَخْسَرَ، وَ انْظُرْ إِلَيْهِ بِعَيْنِ فَضْلِ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ، وَ تَخْصِيصِهِ لَهُ، وَ كَرَامَتِهِ إِيَّاهُ.

99-/2- In the book Misbāḥ al-Sharī‘ah (160; also Bihār al-Anwār 100:53/84), al-Sādiq (peace be upon him) said: The best admonition is that in which speech does not exceed the limit of truthfulness and action does not exceed the limit of sincerity. The example of the preacher and the one preached to is like the wakeful and the sleeping: whoever awakens from his slumber, heedlessness, opposition, and sins is fit to awaken another from that sleep. But as for one who journeys through the wastes of transgression and plunges into the pastures of error and shamelessness—loving reputation and ostentation, seeking fame and affectation before people—who dons the garb of the righteous and, by his words, displays the flourishing of his inward while in reality he is empty of it; the desolation of love of praise has overwhelmed him and the darkness of greed has covered him—how deluded he is by his passion, and how he misleads people by his speech! Allah, Mighty and Majestic, has said: Certainly an evil guardian and certainly an evil associate. As for the one whom Allah has protected with the light of support and good success, and has purified his heart from filth, he never parts from knowledge and piety. He listens to speech for its essence and leaves aside its speaker, whatever he may be. The wise have said: Take wisdom even from the mouths of madmen. Jesus (peace be upon him) said: Sit with one whose very sight and meeting remind you of Allah, let alone his speech; and do not sit with one whose outward matches yours while his inward opposes yours—for that claimant to what he does not possess will bind proof against you if you are truthful in what you seek to gain. When you meet one in whom there are three qualities, seize the chance to see him, meet him, and sit with him, even for an hour, for his blessings will affect your religion, your heart, and your worship: one whose word does not exceed his deed; whose deed does not exceed his truthfulness; and whose truthfulness does not contend with his Lord. Sit with him reverently; await mercy and blessing; beware of proof binding against you; mind his time so that you do not blame him and thus lose; and look upon him as one favored by Allah, singled out by Him, and honored by Him.

_1) -الإحتجاج:451. — al-Iḥtijāj: 451.

_2) -مصباح الشريعة:160، بحار الأنوار 100:53/84. — Miṣbāḥ al-Sharī‘ah: 160; Bihār al-Anwār 100:53/84.

قوله تعالى:

أَ فَلَمْ يَسِيرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ [الحج 22:46] فَتَكُونَ لَهُمْ قُلُوبٌ يَعْقِلُونَ بِهَا أَوْ آذَانٌ يَسْمَعُونَ بِهَا فَإِنَّهٰا لاٰ تَعْمَى الْأَبْصٰارُ وَ لٰكِنْ تَعْمَى الْقُلُوبُ الَّتِي فِي الصُّدُورِ [الحج 22:46]

Have they not travelled in the land so that they should have hearts with which to understand or ears with which to hear? For surely it is not the eyes that are blind, but blind are the hearts which are in the breasts. (M. H. Shakir)

99-/1- الطبرسيّ في (مجمع البيان): في قوله تعالى: أَ فَلَمْ يَسِيرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ أي أَوَلَمْ يَسِرْ قومُكَ يا محمد في أرض اليمن والشام؛ عن ابن عباس.

99-/1- Al-Tabrisī in Majma‘ al-Bayān (7:142), on His saying: Have they not travelled in the land: that is, have not your people, O Muhammad, travelled in the land of Yemen and al-Shām; from Ibn ‘Abbās.

قوله تعالى:

فَإِنَّهٰا لاٰ تَعْمَى الْأَبْصٰارُ وَ لٰكِنْ تَعْمَى الْقُلُوبُ الَّتِي فِي الصُّدُورِ [الحج 22:46]

For surely it is not the eyes that are blind, but blind are the hearts which are in the breasts. (M. H. Shakir)

99-/2- السَّيُوطِيُّ فِي (الدُّرِّ الْمَنْثُورِ): يَرْفَعُهُ إِلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَرَادٍ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ (صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): لَيْسَ الْأَعْمَى مَنْ يَعْمَى بَصَرُهُ، وَلَكِنَّ الْأَعْمَى مَنْ تَعْمَى بَصِيرَتُهُ.

99-/2- Al-Suyūṭī in al-Durr al-Manthūr (6:62), raising it to ‘Abd Allāh b. Jarād: He said: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) said: The blind one is not he whose eyesight is blind, but the blind one is he whose insight is blind.

_1) -مجمع البيان 7:142. — Majma‘ al-Bayān 7:142.

_2) -الدّر المنثور 6:62. — al-Durr al-Manthūr 6:62.

تم بحمد اللّه و منه الجزء الثالث من تفسير البرهان، و يتلوه الجزء الرابع، أوله تفسير سورة المؤمنون

By the praise and grace of Allah, the third volume of Tafsīr al-Burhān is now complete. It is followed by the fourth volume, which begins with the exegesis of Surat al-Mu’minūn.