S 2 A 243

/1340 _12- و عنه:قال أحمد بن محمّد،عن بعض أصحابنا [1]:إن متعة المطلقة فريضة.

99-/1340 _12 - He said, Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from some of our companions [1]: The maintenance gift (mut‘ah) for a divorced woman is an obligation.

قوله تعالى:

أَ لَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ خَرَجُوا مِنْ دِيٰارِهِمْ وَ هُمْ أُلُوفٌ حَذَرَ الْمَوْتِ فَقٰالَ لَهُمُ اللّٰهُ مُوتُوا ثُمَّ أَحْيٰاهُمْ إِنَّ اللّٰهَ لَذُو فَضْلٍ عَلَى النّٰاسِ وَ لٰكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النّٰاسِ لاٰ يَشْكُرُونَ[243]

Qur’an 2:243 — Have you not considered those who went forth from their homes, for fear of death, and they were thousands, then Allah said to them, Die; again He gave them life; most surely Allah is Gracious to people, but most people are not grateful. (M. H. Shakir)

/1341 _1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا،عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ،عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ،عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ،وَ غَيْرِهِ،عَنْ بَعْضِهِمْ،[عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)] [2]،وَ بَعْضِهِمْ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ:

أَ لَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ خَرَجُوا مِنْ دِيٰارِهِمْ وَ هُمْ أُلُوفٌ حَذَرَ الْمَوْتِ فَقٰالَ لَهُمُ اللّٰهُ مُوتُوا ثُمَّ أَحْيٰاهُمْ .

فَقَالَ:«إِنَّ هَؤُلاَءِ أَهْلُ مَدِينَةٍ مِنْ مَدَائِنِ الشَّامِ،وَ كَانُوا سَبْعِينَ أَلْفَ بَيْتٍ،وَ كَانَ الطَّاعُونُ يَقَعُ فِيهِمْ فِي كُلِّ أَوَانٍ، فَكَانُوا إِذَا أَحَسُّوا بِهِ خَرَجَ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ الْأَغْنِيَاءُ لِقُوَّتِهِمْ،وَ بَقِيَ فِيهَا الْفُقَرَاءُ لِضَعْفِهِمْ،فَكَانَ الْمَوْتُ يَكْثُرُ فِي الَّذِينَ أَقَامُوا،وَ يَقِلُّ فِي الَّذِينَ خَرَجُوا.فَيَقُولُ الَّذِينَ خَرَجُوا:لَوْ كُنَّا أَقَمْنَا لَكَثُرَ فِينَا الْمَوْتُ،وَ يَقُولُ الَّذِينَ أَقَامُوا:لَوْ كُنَّا خَرَجْنَا لَقَلَّ فِينَا الْمَوْتُ».

قَالَ:«فَاجْتَمَعَ رَأْيُهُمْ جَمِيعاً،أَنَّهُ إِذَا وَقَعَ الطَّاعُونُ فِيهِمْ وَ أَحَسُّوا بِهِ خَرَجُوا كُلُّهُمْ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ،فَلَمَّا أَحَسُّوا بِالطَّاعُونِ خَرَجُوا جَمِيعاً،وَ تَنَحَّوْا عَنِ الطَّاعُونِ،حَذَرَ الْمَوْتِ،فَسَارُوا فِي الْبِلاَدِ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ،ثُمَّ إِنَّهُمْ مَرُّوا بِمَدِينَةٍ خَرِبَةٍ قَدْ جَلاَ عَنْهَا أَهْلُهَا وَ أَفْنَاهُمُ الطَّاعُونُ،فَنَزَلُوا بِهَا،فَلَمَّا حَطُّوا رِحَالَهُمْ وَ اطْمَأَنُّوا بِهَا،قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ:مُوتُوا جَمِيعاً.فَمَاتُوا مِنْ سَاعَتِهِمْ،وَ صَارُوا رَمِيماً يَلُوحُ.وَ كَانُوا عَلَى طَرِيقِ الْمَارَّةِ،فَكَنَسَتْهُمُ الْمَارَّةُ،فَنَحَّوْهُمْ،وَ جَمَعُوهُمْ فِي مَوْضِعٍ،فَمَرَّ بِهِمْ نَبِيٌّ مِنْ أَنْبِيَاءِ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ،يُقَالُ لَهُ:حِزْقِيلُ،فَلَمَّا رَأَى تِلْكَ الْعِظَامَ بَكَى وَ اسْتَعْبَرَ،وَ قَالَ:يَا رَبِّ،لَوْ شِئْتَ لَأَحْيَيْتَهُمْ السَّاعَةَ،كَمَا أَمَتَّهُمْ،فَعَمَرُوا بِلاَدَكَ،وَ وَلَدُوا عِبَادَكَ،وَ عَبَدُوكَ مَعَ مَنْ يَعْبُدُكَ مِنْ خَلْقِكَ.

فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى إِلَيْهِ أَ فَتُحِبُّ ذَلِكَ؟قَالَ:نَعَمْ-يَا رَبِّ-فَأَحْيِهِمْ».

قَالَ:«فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَيْهِ،أَنْ قُلْ كَذَا وَ كَذَا.فَقَالَ الَّذِي أَمَرَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنْ يَقُولَهُ-فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):وَ هُوَ الاِسْمُ الْأَعْظَمُ-فَلَمَّا قَالَ حِزْقِيلُ ذَلِكَ الْكَلاَمَ،نَظَرَ إِلَى الْعِظَامِ يَطِيرُ بَعْضُهَا إِلَى بَعْضٍ،فَعَادُوا أَحْيَاءً يَنْظُرُ بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى بَعْضٍ،يُسَبِّحُونَ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ،وَ يُكَبِّرُونَهُ،وَ يُهَلِّلُونَهُ.فَقَالَ حِزْقِيلُ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ:أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ».

قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ:فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«فِيهِمْ نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ».

99-/1341 _1 - Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub: from several of our companions, from Sahl ibn Ziyad, from Ibn Mahbub, from ‘Umar ibn Yazid and others, from some of them, [from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him)] [2], and some of them from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), regarding the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: Have you not considered those who went forth from their homes, for fear of death, and they were thousands, then Allah said to them, Die; then He gave them life. He said: These were the people of a city among the cities of al-Sham; they were seventy thousand households. The plague would befall them from time to time. When they sensed it, the wealthy would leave the city due to their strength, and the poor would remain due to their weakness. Death would be more frequent among those who stayed and less among those who left. Those who left would say, “Had we stayed, death would have been more among us,” and those who stayed would say, “Had we left, death would have been less among us.” He said: So they all agreed that when the plague fell upon them and they sensed it, they would all leave the city. When they sensed the plague, they all left and kept away from it, fearing death. They traveled through the lands as Allah willed until they passed by a ruined city whose people had departed and been annihilated by the plague. They encamped there, and when they had set down their loads and felt at ease, Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said, “All of you, die.” So they died on the spot and became decayed bones, visible to the eye. They were along a road where travelers passed; the passersby swept them aside, removed them, and gathered them in a place. Then a prophet from the prophets of the Children of Israel, called Hizqil (Ezekiel), passed by them. When he saw those bones, he wept and was moved to tears and said, “My Lord, if You willed, You could bring them to life this very moment as You caused them to die, so they might populate Your lands, beget Your servants, and worship You along with those of Your creation who worship You.” Allah, Exalted, revealed to him, “Do you wish that?” He said, “Yes, my Lord—bring them to life.” He said: So Allah, Mighty and Majestic, revealed to him to say such-and-such. He said what Allah, Mighty and Majestic, commanded him to say—and Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) said: it is the Greatest Name. When Hizqil said those words, he saw the bones fly to one another, and they returned to life, looking at one another, glorifying Allah, Mighty and Majestic, magnifying Him, and proclaiming His oneness. Hizqil then said, “I bear witness that Allah is powerful over all things.” ‘Umar ibn Yazid said: Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) said, “It is about them that this verse was revealed.”

[1] في التهذيب زيادة:عن أبي عبد اللّه(عليه السّلام)،قال.

[1] fi al-tahdhib ziyādah: ‘an Abī ‘Abdillāh (‘alayhi al-salām), qāl.

[2] أثبتناه من المصدر،و ذكر السيّد الخوئي في(تفصيل طبقات الرواة):أن عمر بن يزيد روى عن بعضهم،عن أبي عبد اللّه،و أبي جعفر(عليهما السّلام)،و روى عنه ابن محبوب.معجم رجال الحديث 13:384.

[2] athbatnāhu min al-masdar, wa dhakara al-Sayyid al-Khū’ī fī (Tafsīl Tabaqāt al-Ruwāt): anna ‘Umar ibn Yazīd rawā ‘an ba‘dihim, ‘an Abī ‘Abdillāh, wa Abī Ja‘far (‘alayhimā al-salām), wa rawā ‘anhu Ibn Mahbūb. Ma‘jam Rijāl al-Hadīth 13:384.

99-/1342 _2- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ حُمْرَانَ بْنِ أَعْيَنَ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ:حَدِّثْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: أَ لَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ خَرَجُوا مِنْ دِيٰارِهِمْ وَ هُمْ أُلُوفٌ حَذَرَ الْمَوْتِ فَقٰالَ لَهُمُ اللّٰهُ مُوتُوا ثُمَّ أَحْيٰاهُمْ قُلْتُ:أَحْيَاهُمْ حَتَّى نَظَرَ النَّاسُ إِلَيْهِمْ،ثُمَّ أَمَاتَهُمْ مِنْ يَوْمِهِمْ،أَوْ رَدَّهُمْ إِلَى الدُّنْيَا حَتَّى سَكَنُوا الدُّورَ،وَ أَكَلُوا الطَّعَامَ،وَ نَكَحُوا النِّسَاءَ؟ قَالَ:بَلْ رَدَّهُمُ اللَّهُ حَتَّى سَكَنُوا الدُّورَ،وَ أَكَلُوا الطَّعَامَ،وَ نَكَحُوا النِّسَاءَ،وَ لَبِثُوا بِذَلِكَ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ،ثُمَّ مَاتُوا بِآجَالِهِمْ».

وَ رَوَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ سَعْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ،بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ حُمْرَانَ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) [1].

99-/1342 _2 - Al-‘Ayyashi: from Humrān ibn A‘yan, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him). He said: I said to him, “Tell me about the saying of Allah: Have you not considered those who went forth from their homes, for fear of death, and they were thousands, then Allah said to them, Die; then He gave them life. Did He bring them to life so that people looked at them, then cause them to die that same day; or did He return them to the world so that they dwelt in houses, ate food, and married women?” He said: Rather, Allah returned them so that they dwelt in houses, ate food, and married women; and they remained thus as long as Allah willed, then they died at their appointed terms. And this hadith was narrated by Sa‘d ibn ‘Abdillah, with his chain, from Humrān, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) [1].

99-/1343 _3- الطَّبْرِسِيُّ فِي(الْإِحْتِجَاجِ)فِي حَدِيثٍ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: أَحْيَا اللَّهُ قَوْماً خَرَجُوا مِنْ أَوْطَانِهِمْ هَارِبِينَ مِنَ الطَّاعُونِ،لاَ يُحْصَى عَدَدُهُمْ،فَأَمَاتَهُمُ اللَّهُ دَهْراً طَوِيلاً حَتَّى بَلِيَتْ عِظَامُهُمْ،وَ تَقَطَّعَتْ أَوْصَالُهُمْ،وَ صَارُوا تُرَاباً،فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ-فِي وَقْتٍ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يُرِيَ خَلْقَهُ قُدْرَتَهُ-نَبِيّاً،يُقَالُ لَهُ:حِزْقِيلُ فَدَعَاهُمْ فَاجْتَمَعَتْ أَبْدَانُهُمْ،وَ رَجَعَتْ فِيهَا أَرْوَاحُهُمْ،وَ قَامُوا كَهَيْئَةِ يَوْمَ مَاتُوا،لاَ يُفْتَقَدُونَ مِنْ أَعْدَادِهِمْ رَجُلاً،فَعَاشُوا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ دَهْراً طَوِيلاً».

99-/1343 _3 - Al-Tabrisi in al-Ihtijaj, in a hadith from al-Sadiq (peace be upon him), said: Allah brought to life a people who had gone forth from their homelands fleeing from the plague—whose number could not be counted—so Allah caused them to die for a long age until their bones decayed, their limbs separated, and they became dust. Then Allah—at a time when He wished to show His creation His power—sent a prophet called Hizqil. He called to them, so their bodies were reassembled and their souls returned to them, and they stood as on the day they had died; not a single man was missing from their number. They lived after that for a long age.

قوله تعالى:

مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يُقْرِضُ اللّٰهَ قَرْضاً حَسَناً فَيُضٰاعِفَهُ لَهُ أَضْعٰافاً كَثِيرَةً [245]

Qur’an 2:245 — Who is it that will offer to Allah a goodly gift, so He will double it for him manifold? (M. H. Shakir)

99-/1344 _1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنِ الْوَشَّاءِ،عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ النَّحَّاسِ،عَنِ الْمُفَضَّلِ بْنِ عُمَرَ،عَنِ الْخَيْبَرِيِّ وَ يُونُسَ بْنِ ظَبْيَانَ،قَالاَ:سَمِعْنَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَقُولُ: «مَا مِنْ شَيْءٍ أَحَبَّ إِلَى اللَّهِ مِنْ إِخْرَاجِ الدَّرَاهِمِ إِلَى الْإِمَامِ،وَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَيَجْعَلُ لَهُ الدِّرْهَمَ فِي الْجَنَّةِ مِثْلَ جَبَلِ أُحُدٍ-ثُمَّ قَالَ-:

إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ فِي كِتَابِهِ: مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يُقْرِضُ اللّٰهَ قَرْضاً حَسَناً فَيُضٰاعِفَهُ لَهُ أَضْعٰافاً كَثِيرَةً -قَالَ-:هُوَ-وَ اللَّهِ- فِي صِلَةِ الْإِمَامِ».

99-/1344 _1 - Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub: from several of our companions, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from al-Washsha’, from ‘Isa ibn Sulayman al-Nahhas, from al-Mufaddal ibn ‘Umar, from al-Khaybari and Yunus ibn Zabyan. They said: We heard Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) say: There is nothing more beloved to Allah than giving dirhams to the Imam. Indeed, Allah will make a single dirham for him in Paradise like Mount Uhud. Then he said: Surely Allah, Exalted, says in His Book: Who is it that will offer to Allah a goodly gift, so He will double it for him manifold? He said: By Allah, it is in maintaining the Imam.

_12) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:130 ذيل الحديث 432،التهذيب 8:490/141.

_12) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:130 dhayl al-hadīth 432, al-Tahdhīb 8:490/141.

_1) -الكافي 8:237/198.

_1) -al-Kāfī 8:237/198.

_2) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:433/130.

_2) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:433/130.

_3) -الإحتجاج:344.

_3) -al-Ihtijāj: 344.

_1) -الكافي 1:2/45.

_1) -al-Kāfī 1:2/45.

[1] مختصر بصائر الدرجات:23.

[1] Mukhtasar Basā’ir al-Darajāt: 23.