S 2 A 274

قوله تعالى:

اَلَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوٰالَهُمْ بِاللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهٰارِ سِرًّا وَ عَلاٰنِيَةً فَلَهُمْ أَجْرُهُمْ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ وَ لاٰ خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَ لاٰ هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ[274]

Qur'an 2:274 (M. H. Shakir): Those who spend their property by night and by day, secretly and openly, they shall have their reward from their Lord, and they shall have no fear nor shall they grieve.

99-/1506 _1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ،عَنْ فَضَالَةَ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمَغْرَا،عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: قُلْتُ:قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: اَلَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوٰالَهُمْ بِاللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهٰارِ سِرًّا وَ عَلاٰنِيَةً ؟قَالَ:«لَيْسَ مِنَ الزَّكَاةِ».

99-/1506 _1- Muhammad b. Ya‘qub—from ‘Ali b. Ibrahim, from his father, from al-Husayn b. Sa‘id, from Fadala b. Ayyub, from Abu’l-Maghra, from Abu Basir, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him)—said: I asked about His saying, Mighty and Majestic: Those who spend their wealth by night and by day, secretly and openly. He said: “It is not from the zakat.”

99-/1507 _2- ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْجِعَابِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ الرَّازِيُّ التَّمِيمِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي [1]،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي سَيِّدِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُوسَى الرِّضَا،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ آبَائِهِ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)،عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ:«قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) -وَ ذَكَرَ عِدَّةَ أَحَادِيثَ،ثُمَّ قَالَ:-قَالَ:«نَزَلَتْ: اَلَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوٰالَهُمْ بِاللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهٰارِ سِرًّا وَ عَلاٰنِيَةً فِي عَلِيٍّ».

99-/1507 _2- Ibn Babawayh said: Muhammad b. ‘Umar b. Muhammad al-Ji‘abi narrated to us; he said: Abu Muhammad al-Hasan b. ‘Abdillah b. Muhammad b. al-‘Abbas al-Razi al-Tamimi narrated to us; he said: My father narrated to me [1]; he said: My master ‘Ali b. Musa al-Rida narrated to me, from his father, from his forefathers (peace be upon them), from the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him), who said: “The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) mentioned several hadiths, then said: ‘The verse Those who spend their wealth by night and by day, secretly and openly was revealed about ‘Ali.’”

99-/1508 _3- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):قَوْلُهُ: اَلَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوٰالَهُمْ بِاللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهٰارِ سِرًّا وَ عَلاٰنِيَةً ؟قَالَ:«لَيْسَ مِنَ الزَّكَاةِ».

99-/1508 _3- Al-‘Ayyashi—from Abu Basir—said: I said to Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him): His saying: Those who spend their wealth by night and by day, secretly and openly? He said: “It is not from the zakat.”

99-/1509 _4- عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ،قَالَ: كَانَ لِعَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)أَرْبَعَةُ دَرَاهِمَ،لَمْ يَمْلِكْ غَيْرَهَا،فَتَصَدَّقَ بِدِرْهَمٍ لَيْلاً،وَ بِدِرْهَمٍ نَهَاراً،وَ بِدِرْهَمٍ سِرّاً،وَ بِدِرْهَمٍ عَلاَنِيَةً،فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،فَقَالَ:«يَا عَلِيُّ،مَا حَمَلَكَ عَلَى مَا صَنَعْتَ»؟قَالَ:«إِنْجَازُ مَوْعُودِ اللَّهِ»فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ: اَلَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوٰالَهُمْ بِاللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهٰارِ سِرًّا وَ عَلاَنِيَةً إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَاتِ.

99-/1509 _4- From Abu Ishaq, who said: ‘Ali b. Abi Talib (peace be upon him) had four dirhams, owning nothing else. He gave one dirham in charity at night, one by day, one secretly, and one openly. This reached the Prophet (may Allah bless him and his family), who said: “O ‘Ali, what moved you to do what you did?” He replied: “To fulfill Allah’s promise.” So Allah revealed: Those who spend their wealth by night and by day, secretly and openly to the end of the verses.

99-/1510 _5- الشَّيْخُ الْمُفِيدُ فِي(الْإِخْتِصَاصِ):بِإِسْنَادِهِ،قَالَ:قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): «يَا عَلِيُّ مَا عَمِلْتَ فِي لَيْلَتِكَ»؟قَالَ:«وَ لِمَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟».قَالَ:«نَزَلَتْ فِيكَ أَرْبَعَةُ مَعَانٍ».

قَالَ:«بِأَبِي أَنْتَ وَ أُمِّي،كَانَتْ مَعِي أَرْبَعَةُ دَرَاهِمَ،فَتَصَدَّقْتُ بِدِرْهَمٍ لَيْلاً،وَ بِدِرْهَمٍ نَهَاراً،وَ بِدِرْهَمٍ سِرّاً، وَ بِدِرْهَمٍ عَلاَنِيَةً».

قَالَ:«فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ أَنْزَلَ فِيكَ: اَلَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوٰالَهُمْ بِاللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهٰارِ سِرًّا وَ عَلاٰنِيَةً فَلَهُمْ أَجْرُهُمْ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ وَ لاٰ خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَ لاٰ هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ ».

99-/1510 _5- Shaykh al-Mufid in al-Ikhtisas, with his chain, said: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) said: “O ‘Ali, what did you do in your night?” He said: “Why do you ask, O Messenger of Allah?” He said: “Four meanings were revealed about you.” He said: “May my father and mother be your ransom—four dirhams were with me, so I gave a dirham in charity at night, a dirham by day, a dirham secretly, and a dirham openly.” He said: “Indeed Allah revealed about you: Those who spend their wealth by night and by day, secretly and openly, they shall have their reward from their Lord, and they shall have no fear, nor shall they grieve.”

99-/1511 _6- وَ مِنْ طَرِيقِ الْمُخَالِفِينَ،مَا رَوَاهُ مُوَفَّقُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ فِي كِتَابِ(الْمَنَاقِبِ):بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ بْنِ مُجَاهِدٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،قَالَ: كَانَ لِعَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)أَرْبَعَةُ دَرَاهِمَ فَأَنْفَقَهَا،وَاحِداً لَيْلاً،وَ وَاحِداً نَهَاراً،وَ وَاحِداً سِرّاً،وَ وَاحِداً عَلاَنِيَةً،فَنَزَلَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: اَلَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوٰالَهُمْ بِاللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهٰارِ سِرًّا وَ عَلاٰنِيَةً فَلَهُمْ أَجْرُهُمْ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ وَ لاٰ خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَ لاٰ هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ ».

99-/1511 _6- And from the path of the opponents: what Muwafaq b. Ahmad narrated in the book al-Manaqib, with his chain from ‘Abd al-Wahhab b. Mujahid, from his father, who said: ‘Ali (peace be upon him) had four dirhams, so he spent them—one at night, one by day, one secretly, and one openly. Then His saying, Exalted is He, was revealed: Those who spend their wealth by night and by day, secretly and openly, they shall have their reward from their Lord, and they shall have no fear nor shall they grieve.

99-/1512 _7-و من طريقهم ما رواه ابن المغازلي،يرفعه إلى ابن عبّاس،في قوله تعالى: اَلَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوٰالَهُمْ بِاللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهٰارِ سِرًّا وَ عَلاٰنِيَةً .قال:هو عليّ بن أبي طالب،كان له أربعة دراهم،فأنفق درهما سرا، و درهما علانية،و درهما بالليل،و درهما بالنهار.

و من(تفسير الثعلبي) مثل هذا.

99-/1512 _7- And from their path: what Ibn al-Maghazili narrated, raising it to Ibn ‘Abbas, regarding His saying, Exalted is He: Those who spend their wealth by night and by day, secretly and openly. He said: It is ‘Ali b. Abi Talib. He had four dirhams, so he spent one dirham secretly, one openly, one at night, and one by day. And in Tafsir al-Tha‘labi there is something similar to this.

99-/1513 _8- ابْنُ شَهْرَآشُوبَ فِي(الْمَنَاقِبِ):عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ،وَ السُّدِّيِّ،وَ مُجَاهِدٍ،وَ الْكَلْبِيِّ،وَ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، وَ الْوَاحِدِيِّ،وَ الطُّوسِيِّ،وَ الثَّعْلَبِيِّ،وَ الطَّبْرِسِيِّ،وَ الْمَاوَرْدِيِّ،وَ الْقُشَيْرِيِّ،وَ الثُّمَالِيِّ،وَ النَّقَّاشِ،وَ الْفَتَّالِ،وَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ،وَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حَرْبٍ الطَّائِيِّ فِي تَفَاسِيرِهِمْ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ عِنْدَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)أَرْبَعَةُ دَرَاهِمَ فِضَّةً، فَتَصَدَّقَ بِوَاحِدٍ لَيْلاً،وَ بِوَاحِدٍ نَهَاراً،وَ بِوَاحِدٍ سِرّاً،وَ بِوَاحِدٍ عَلاَنِيَةً،فَنَزَلَ: اَلَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوٰالَهُمْ بِاللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهٰارِ سِرًّا وَ عَلاٰنِيَةً فَسَمَّى كُلَّ دِرْهَمٍ مَالاً،وَ بَشَّرَهُ بِالْقَبُولِ.

رَوَاهُ النَّطَنْزِيُّ فِي(الْخَصَائِصِ).

99-/1513 _8- Ibn Shahrashub in al-Manaqib, from Ibn ‘Abbas, al-Suddi, Mujahid, al-Kalbi, Abu Salih, al-Wahidi, al-Tusi, al-Tha‘labi, al-Tabrisi, al-Mawardi, al-Qushayri, al-Thumali, al-Naqqash, al-Fattal, ‘Abdullah b. al-Husayn, and ‘Ali b. Harb al-Ta’i—in their tafsirs—that ‘Ali b. Abi Talib (peace be upon him) had four silver dirhams. He gave one in charity at night, one by day, one secretly, and one openly. Then was revealed: Those who spend their wealth by night and by day, secretly and openly; thus He called each dirham “wealth” and gave him the glad tidings of acceptance. This was also narrated by al-Natanzī in al-Khasa’is.

99-/1514 _9- أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الطَّبْرِسِيُّ(رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ)،قَالَ: سَبَبُ النُّزُولِ،عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ:نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فِي عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، كَانَتْ مَعَهُ أَرْبَعَةُ دَرَاهِمَ فَتَصَدَّقَ بِوَاحِدٍ لَيْلاً،وَ بِوَاحِدٍ نَهَاراً،وَ بِوَاحِدٍ سِرّاً،وَ بِوَاحِدٍ عَلاَنِيَةً. قَالَ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الطَّبْرِسِيُّ:

وَ هُوَ الْمَرْوِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ وَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ).

99-/1514 _9- Abu ‘Ali al-Tabrisi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The cause of revelation, from Ibn ‘Abbas: This verse was revealed about ‘Ali (peace be upon him). He had four dirhams, so he gave one in charity at night, one by day, one secretly, and one openly. Abu ‘Ali al-Tabrisi said: And this is what is narrated from Abu Ja‘far and Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon them).

قوله تعالى:

اَلَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ الرِّبٰا لاٰ يَقُومُونَ إِلاّٰ كَمٰا يَقُومُ الَّذِي يَتَخَبَّطُهُ الشَّيْطٰانُ مِنَ الْمَسِّ[275]

Qur'an 2:275 (M. H. Shakir): Those who swallow down usury cannot arise except as one whom Satan has prostrated by (his) touch does rise. That is because they say, Trading is only like usury; and Allah has allowed trading and forbidden usury. To whomsoever then the admonition has come from his Lord, and he desists, he shall have what has already passed, and his affair is in the hands of Allah; and whoever returns (to it)—these are the inmates of the fire; they shall abide in it.

_1) -الكافي 3:9/499.

- al-Kafi 3:9/499.

_2) -عيون أخبار الرضا(عليه السلام)2:255/62.

- ‘Uyun Akhbar al-Rida 2:255/62.

_3) -تفسير العيّاشيّ 1:501/151.

- Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:501/151.

_4) -تفسير العيّاشيّ 1:502/151،شواهد التنزيل 1:155/109،أسباب النزول للواحدي:52.

- Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:502/151; Shawahid al-Tanzil 1:155/109; Asbab al-Nuzul li’l-Wahidi: 52.

_5) -الإختصاص:150.

- al-Ikhtisas: 150.

[1] (قال:حدّثني أبي)ليس في المصدر،و هو سهو،راجع رجال النجاشيّ:603/228.

[1] (“He said: My father narrated to me”) is not in the source; it is an oversight. Refer to Rijal al-Najashi: 603/228.

_6) -مناقب الخوارزمي:198،مجمع الزوائد 6:324،ينابيع المودة:92.

- Manaqib al-Khwarizmi: 198; Majma‘ al-Zawa’id 6:324; Yanabi‘ al-Mawadda: 92.

_7) -مناقب ابن المغازلي:325/280،فرائد السمطين 1:282/356،ينابيع المودة:290.

- Manaqib Ibn al-Maghazili: 325/280; Fara’id al-Simtayn 1:282/356; Yanabi‘ al-Mawadda: 290.

_8) -المناقب 2:71.

- al-Manaqib 2:71.

_9) -مجمع البيان 2:667.

- Majma‘ al-Bayan 2:667.

[1] تحفة الأبرار في مناقب الأئمة الأطهار:111«مخطوط».

[1] Tuhfat al-Abrar fi Manaqib al-A’imma al-Athar: 111 “makhtut” (manuscript).

[2] في المصدر:و عبيد اللّه.

[2] In the source: “wa ‘Ubayd Allah.”