An-Nahl Ayah 83

النحل آيه 83

قوله تعالى:

يَعْرِفُونَ نِعْمَتَ اللّٰهِ ثُمَّ يُنْكِرُونَهٰا وَ أَكْثَرُهُمُ الْكٰافِرُونَ [83]

They recognize the favor of Allah, yet they deny it, and most of them are ungrateful. (an-Nahl 16:83, M. H. Shakir)

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مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْهَاشِمِيِّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عِيسَى،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ جَدِّهِ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: يَعْرِفُونَ نِعْمَتَ اللّٰهِ ثُمَّ يُنْكِرُونَهٰا .

قَالَ:«لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ: إِنَّمٰا وَلِيُّكُمُ اللّٰهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ وَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا الَّذِينَ يُقِيمُونَ الصَّلاٰةَ وَ يُؤْتُونَ الزَّكٰاةَ وَ هُمْ رٰاكِعُونَ [1]اجْتَمَعَ نَفَرٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)فِي مَسْجِدِ الْمَدِينَةِ،فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ:مَا تَقُولُونَ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ؟فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ:إِنْ كَفَرْنَا بِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ نَكْفُرُ بِسَائِرِهَا،وَ إِنْ آمَنَّا فَهَذَا ذُلٌّ حِينَ يَتَسَلَّطُ [2] عَلَيْنَا ابْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ فَقَالُوا:قَدْ عَلِمْنَا أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)صَادِقٌ فِيمَا يَقُولُ،وَ لَكِنْ نَتَوَلاَّهُ وَ لاَ نُطِيعُ عَلِيّاً فِيمَا أَمَرَنَا،فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ: يَعْرِفُونَ نِعْمَتَ اللّٰهِ ثُمَّ يُنْكِرُونَهٰا [3]يَعْنِي وَلاَيَةَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) وَ أَكْثَرُهُمُ الْكٰافِرُونَ بِالْوَلاَيَةِ».

99-/6107 They said: When the verse “Only Allah is your guardian and His Messenger and those who believe, those who keep up prayers and pay the poor-rate while they bow” (al-Ma’idah 5:55, M. H. Shakir) was revealed, a group of the companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) gathered in the Mosque of Madinah. Some said to others: What do you say about this verse? Some said: If we disbelieve in this verse, we disbelieve in the rest; and if we believe, this is humiliation, when the son of Abu Talib will gain authority over us [2]. They said: We know that Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) is truthful in what he says, but we shall profess loyalty to him and not obey ‘Ali in what he commands us. Then this verse was revealed: “They recognize the favor of Allah, yet they deny it” [3]—meaning the guardianship (wilayah) of ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him)—“and most of them are ungrateful” by denying the wilayah.

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عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي،عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ الْهَيْثَمِ،عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ ظَرِيفٍ،عَنِ الْأَصْبَغِ بْنِ نُبَاتَةَ،عَنْ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: «مَا بَالُ قَوْمٍ غَيَّرُوا سُنَّةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)وَ عَدَلُوا عَنْ وَصِيِّهِ [4]،لاَ يَخَافُونَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ بِهِمُ الْعَذَابُ،ثُمَّ تَلاَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ اَلَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَتَ اللّٰهِ كُفْراً وَ أَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دٰارَ الْبَوٰارِ* جَهَنَّمَ يَصْلَوْنَهٰا وَ بِئْسَ الْقَرٰارُ [5]».ثُمَّ قَالَ:«نَحْنُ-وَ اللَّهِ-نِعْمَةُ اللَّهِ الَّتِي أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ بِهَا عَلَى عِبَادِهِ،وَ بِنَا فَازَ مَنْ فَازَ».

99-/6108 ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim narrated from his father, from Ishaq ibn al-Haytham, from Sa‘d ibn Zharif, from al-Asbagh ibn Nubatah, from ‘Ali (peace be upon him), who said: What is the matter with a people who have altered the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) and turned away from his legatee [4]? Do they not fear that punishment will descend upon them? Then he recited this verse: “Those who changed the favor of Allah for disbelief and made their people to alight into the abode of perdition—Hell; they shall enter it, and an evil place it is to settle in” (Ibrahim 14:28–29, M. H. Shakir) [5]. Then he said: By Allah, we are the favor of Allah with which Allah has favored His servants, and by us whoever succeeds, succeeds.

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ابْنُ شَهْرَ آشُوبٍ:عَنِ الْبَاقِرِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: يَعْرِفُونَ نِعْمَتَ اللّٰهِ الْآيَةَ.

قَالَ:«عَرَّفَهُمْ وَلاَيَةَ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)وَ أَمَرَهُمْ بِوَلاَيَتِهِ،ثُمَّ أَنْكَرُوا بَعْدَ وَفَاتِهِ».

99-/6109 Ibn Shahr Āshūb reports from al-Baqir (peace be upon him), regarding the saying of the Exalted: “They recognize the favor of Allah...” He said: He made them know the wilayah of ‘Ali (peace be upon him) and commanded them to accept his wilayah; then they denied it after his passing.

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الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ،عَنِ الْعَمْرَكِيِّ النَّيْسَابُورِيِّ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ أَخِيهِ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ) أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ يَعْرِفُونَ نِعْمَتَ اللّٰهِ الْآيَةَ،فَقَالَ:«عَرَفُوهُ ثُمَّ أَنْكَرُوهُ».

99-/6110 Al-‘Ayyāshī: from Ja‘far ibn Ahmad, from al-‘Amrakī an-Naysābūrī, from ‘Ali ibn Ja‘far ibn Muhammad, from his brother Musa ibn Ja‘far (peace be upon them), that he was asked about this verse, “They recognize the favor of Allah...,” and he said: They knew it, then they denied it.

_1) -الكافي 1:77/354.

- al-Kāfī 1:77/354.

_2) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:86.

- Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:86.

_3) -المناقب 3:99.

- al-Manāqib 3:99.

_4) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:55/266.

- Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:55/266.

[1] المائدة 5:55.

[1] al-Mā’idah 5:55.

[2] في المصدر:يسلّط.

[2] fī al-masdar: yusallitu.

[3] في المصدر زيادة:يعرفون.

[3] fī al-masdar ziyādah: ya‘rifūn.

[4] في«س»:وصيّته.

[4] fī “S”: waṣiyyatihi.

[5] إبراهيم 14:28-29.

[5] Ibrāhīm 14:28–29.

قوله تعالى:

وَ يَوْمَ نَبْعَثُ مِنْ كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ شَهِيداً -إلى قوله تعالى- وَ جِئْنٰا بِكَ شَهِيداً عَلىٰ هٰؤُلاٰءِ [84-89]

And on the day when We will raise up a witness out of every nation, then permission shall not be given to those who disbelieve, nor shall they be made to solicit favor. And when those who are unjust shall see the chastisement, it shall not be lightened for them, nor shall they be respited. And when those who associate (others with Allah) shall see their associate-gods, they shall say: Our Lord, these are our associate-gods on whom we called besides Thee; but they shall give them back the reply: Most surely you are liars. And they shall tender submission to Allah on that day; and what they used to forge shall depart from them. (As for) those who disbelieve and hinder (men) from Allah’s way, We will add chastisement to their chastisement because they made mischief. And on the day when We will raise up in every people a witness against them from among themselves, and bring you as a witness against these, and We have revealed the Book to you explaining clearly everything, and a guidance and mercy and good news for those who submit. (an-Nahl 16:84–89, M. H. Shakir)

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علي بن إبراهيم،في قوله تعالى: وَ يَوْمَ نَبْعَثُ مِنْ كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ شَهِيداً قال:لكل زمان[و أمة]إمام، تبعث كل أمة مع إمامها. و قوله: اَلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَ صَدُّوا عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللّٰهِ زِدْنٰاهُمْ عَذٰاباً فَوْقَ الْعَذٰابِ قال:كفروا بعد النبيّ،و صدوا عن أمير المؤمنين(عليه السلام) زِدْنٰاهُمْ عَذٰاباً فَوْقَ الْعَذٰابِ بِمٰا كٰانُوا يُفْسِدُونَ . ثم قال: وَ يَوْمَ نَبْعَثُ فِي كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ شَهِيداً عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ يعني من الأئمة.ثم قال لنبيه(صلّى اللّه عليه و آله): وَ جِئْنٰا بِكَ يا محمّد شَهِيداً عَلىٰ هٰؤُلاٰءِ يعني على الأئمة،فرسول اللّه شهيد على الأئمة،و الأئمة شهداء على الناس.

99-/6111 ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim, regarding His saying: “And on the day when We will raise up a witness out of every nation,” said: For every era [and nation] there is an Imam; every nation will be raised with its Imam. And regarding: “As for those who disbelieve and hinder (men) from Allah’s way, We will add chastisement to their chastisement,” he said: They disbelieved after the Prophet and hindered (people) from the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him). “We will add chastisement to their chastisement because they made mischief.” Then he said: “And on the day when We will raise up in every people a witness against them from among themselves”—meaning from among the Imams. Then He said to His Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family): “And We will bring you, O Muhammad, as a witness against these”—meaning against the Imams. Thus, the Messenger of Allah is a witness over the Imams, and the Imams are witnesses over the people.

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الطَّبْرِسِيُّ:عَنِ الصَّادِقِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: «لِكُلِّ زَمَانٍ وَ أُمَّةٍ إِمَامٌ [1]،تُبْعَثُ كُلُّ أُمَّةٍ مَعَ إِمَامِهَا».

99-/6112 Al-Tabrisī reports from as-Sādiq (peace be upon him): For every era and nation there is an Imam [1]; every nation will be raised with its Imam.

قوله تعالى:

وَ نَزَّلْنٰا عَلَيْكَ الْكِتٰابَ تِبْيٰاناً لِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَ هُدىً وَ رَحْمَةً وَ بُشْرىٰ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ [89]

And We have revealed the Book to you explaining clearly everything, and a guidance and mercy and good news for those who submit. (an-Nahl 16:89, M. H. Shakir)

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مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ،عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ،عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ،عَنْ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى بْنِ أَعْيَنَ،قَالَ:سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَقُولُ: «قَدْ وَلَدَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)وَ أَنَا أَعْلَمُ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ،وَ فِيهِ بَدْءُ الْخَلْقِ وَ مَا هُوَ كَائِنٌ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ،وَ فِيهِ خَبَرُ السَّمَاءِ وَ خَبَرُ الْأَرْضِ،وَ خَبَرُ الْجَنَّةِ وَ خَبَرُ النَّارِ،وَ خَبَرُ مَا كَانَ وَ خَبَرُ مَا هُوَ كَائِنٌ،أَعْلَمُ ذَلِكَ كَمَا أَنْظُرُ إِلَى كَفِّي،إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ:فِيهِ تِبْيَانُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ».

99-/6113 Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub: from Muhammad ibn Yahya, from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar, from Ibn Faddal, from Hammad ibn ‘Uthman, from ‘Abd al-A‘la ibn A‘yan, who said: I heard Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) say: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) begot me, and I have knowledge of the Book of Allah; in it is the beginning of creation and what will be until the Day of Resurrection; in it is the news of the heaven and the news of the earth, the news of Paradise and the news of the Fire, the news of what has been and the news of what will be. I know that as I look at my palm. Indeed Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says: “In it is a clarification of all things.”

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وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ،عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ،وَ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا مِنْهُمْ عَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى،وَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ،وَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ بِشْرٍ الْخَثْعَمِيُّ،سَمِعُوا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَقُولُ: «إِنِّي لَأَعْلَمُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ مَا فِي الْأَرْضِ،وَ أَعْلَمُ مَا فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَ أَعْلَمُ مَا فِي النَّارِ،وَ أَعْلَمُ

99-/6114 And from him: from a number of our companions, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Muhammad ibn Sinan, from Yunus ibn Ya‘qub, from al-Harith ibn al-Mughīrah, and a number of our companions, among them ‘Abd al-A‘la, and Abu ‘Ubaydah, and ‘Abdullah ibn Bishr al-Khath‘ami—they heard Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) say: Indeed, I know what is in the heavens and what is in the earth, and I know what is in Paradise, and I know what is in the Fire, and I know...

_1) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:388.

- Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:388.

_2) -مجمع البيان 6:584.

- Majma‘ al-Bayān 6:584.

_3) -الكافي 1:8/50.

- al-Kāfī 1:8/50.

_4) -الكافي 1:2/204.

- al-Kāfī 1:2/204.

[1] في«ط»:شهيد.

[1] fī “Ṭ”: shahīd.