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في يومِ الغديرِ لاٰ تُفْسِدُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ بِإِظْهَارِ نَكْثِ الْبَيْعَةِ لِعِبَادِ اللَّهِ الْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ فَتُشَوِّشُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ دِينَهُمْ، وَ تُحَيِّرُونَهُمْ فِي دِينِهِمْ وَ مَذَاهِبِهِمْ قٰالُوا إِنَّمٰا نَحْنُ مُصْلِحُونَ لِأَنَّا لاَ نَعْتَقِدُ دِينَ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَ لاَ غَيْرَ دِينِ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَ نَحْنُ فِي الدِّينِ مُتَحَيِّرُونَ، فَنَحْنُ نَرْضَى فِي الظَّاهِرِ مُحَمَّداً بِإِظْهَارِ قَبُولِ دِينِهِ وَ شَرِيعَتِهِ، وَ نَقْضِي فِي الْبَاطِنِ إِلَى شَهَوَاتِنَا، فَنَتَمَتَّعُ وَ نَتَرَفَّهُ وَ نُعْتِقُ أَنْفُسَنَا مِنْ دِينِ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَ نَكُفُّهَا مِنْ طَاعَةِ ابْنِ عَمِّهِ عَلِيٍّ، لِكَيْ إِنْ أُدِيلَ فِي الدُّنْيَا كُنَّا قَدْ تَوَجَّهْنَا عِنْدَهُ، وَ إِنِ اضْمَحَلَّ أَمْرُهُ كُنَّا قَدْ سَلِمْنَا مِنْ سَبْيِ أَعْدَائِهِ.

He said, Exalted is Allah: Do not cause corruption in the land on the Day of Ghadir by publicly breaking the pledge of allegiance, thereby confounding the religion of the vulnerable servants of Allah and throwing them into confusion in their faith and paths. They say, “We are only reformers, because we do not hold the religion of Muhammad, nor any religion other than Muhammad’s; we are perplexed in religion. So we will outwardly accept Muhammad by showing acceptance of his religion and his law, while inwardly we follow our desires—enjoying and seeking comfort—and free ourselves from Muhammad’s religion and restrain ourselves from obeying his cousin ‘Ali, so that if power turns to him in this world, we will have already courted his favor; and if his affair fades, we will be safe from being seized by his enemies.” Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: Behold, surely they are the ones who spread corruption by what they do for their own interests, for Allah, Exalted, makes known to His Prophet (may Allah bless him and his family) their hypocrisy; so he curses them and commands the Muslims to curse them. Nor do the enemies of the believers trust them, for they think they are dissembling toward them as they dissemble toward the companions of Muhammad; thus they gain no standing with them and are not placed in the position of people of trust.

قوله تعالى: وَ إِذٰا قِيلَ لَهُمْ آمِنُوا كَمٰا آمَنَ النّٰاسُ قٰالُوا أَ نُؤْمِنُ كَمٰا آمَنَ السُّفَهٰاءُ أَلاٰ إِنَّهُمْ هُمُ السُّفَهٰاءُ وَ لٰكِنْ لاٰ يَعْلَمُونَ[13] (البقرة 2:13)

And when it is said to them: Believe as the people believe, they say: Shall we believe as the fools believe? Now surely they themselves are the fools, but they do not know. (M. H. Shakir)

99-/335 _1- قَالَ الْإِمَامُ مُوسَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «إِذَا قِيلَ لِهَؤُلاَءِ النَّاكِثِينَ لِلْبَيْعَةِ-قَالَ لَهُمْ خِيَارُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ كَسَلْمَانَ، وَ الْمِقْدَادِ، وَ أَبِي ذَرٍّ، وَ عَمَّارٍ-: آمِنُوا بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) وَ بِعَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) الَّذِي أَوْقَفَهُ مَوْقِفَهُ، وَ أَقَامَهُ مَقَامَهُ، وَ أَنَاطَ مَصَالِحَ الدِّينِ وَ الدُّنْيَا كُلَّهَا بِهِ، آمِنُوا بِهَذَا النَّبِيِّ، وَ سَلِّمُوا لِهَذَا الْإِمَامِ فِي ظَاهِرِ الْأَمْرِ وَ بَاطِنِهِ، كَمَا آمَنَ النَّاسُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ كَسَلْمَانَ، وَ الْمِقْدَادِ، وَ أَبِي ذَرٍّ، وَ عَمَّارٍ. قَالُوا فِي الْجَوَابِ لِمَنْ يُفْضُونَ إِلَيْهِ، لاَ هَؤُلاَءِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، لِأَنَّهُمْ لاَ يَجْسُرُونَ عَلَى مُكَاشَفَتِهِمْ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، وَ لَكِنَّهُمْ يَذْكُرُونَ لِمَنْ يُفْضُونَ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ أَهْلِيهِمُ الَّذِينَ يَثِقُونَ بِهِمْ مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ، وَ مِنَ الْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ، وَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الَّذِينَ هُمْ بِالسَّتْرِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَاثِقُونَ يَقُولُونَ لَهُمْ: أَ نُؤْمِنُ كَمٰا آمَنَ السُّفَهٰاءُ يَعْنُونَ سَلْمَانَ وَ أَصْحَابَهُ، لَمَّا أَعْطَوْا عَلِيّاً(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) خَالِصَ وُدِّهِمْ، وَ مَحْضَ طَاعَتِهِمْ، وَ كَشَفُوا رُءُوسَهُمْ لِمُوَالاَةِ أَوْلِيَائِهِ، وَ مُعَادَاةِ أَعْدَائِهِ، حَتَّى إِذَا اضْمَحَلَّ أَمْرُ مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) طَحْطَحَهُمْ أَعْدَاؤُهُ، وَ أَهْلَكَهُمْ سَائِرُ الْمُلُوكِ وَ الْمُخَالِفُونَ لِمُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ).

99-/335 _1- Imam Musa ibn Ja‘far (peace be upon him) said: “When it is said to these pledge-breakers—said to them by the elect of the believers such as Salman, al-Miqdad, Abu Dharr, and ‘Ammar—‘Believe in the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) and in ‘Ali (peace be upon him), whom he stationed in his station, set in his place, and to whom he attached all the interests of religion and worldly life; believe in this Prophet and yield to this Imam outwardly and inwardly, just as the believing people—like Salman, al-Miqdad, Abu Dharr, and ‘Ammar—have believed,’ they respond not to these believers—for they do not dare disclose this talk to them—but to those to whom they divulge matters, among their household whom they trust from among the hypocrites, the weak, and those believers they trust to keep their secret. They say to them: ‘Shall we believe as the fools believe?’ meaning Salman and his companions—since they gave ‘Ali (peace be upon him) their pure love, their unalloyed obedience, and openly pledged allegiance to befriend his friends and oppose his enemies—so that if Muhammad’s (may Allah bless him and his family) affair should fade, his enemies would scatter and crush them, and the rest of the kings and those who oppose Muhammad (may Allah bless him and his family) would destroy them.”

أَيْ فَهُمْ بِهَذَا التَّعَرُّضِ لِأَعْدَاءِ مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) جَاهِلُونَ سُفَهَاءُ. قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: أَلاٰ إِنَّهُمْ هُمُ السُّفَهٰاءُ وَ لٰكِنْ لاٰ يَعْلَمُونَ الْأَخِفَّاءُ الْعُقُولِ وَ الْآرَاءِ، الَّذِينَ لَمْ يَنْظُرُوا فِي أَمْرِ مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) حَقَّ النَّظَرِ فَيَعْرِفُوا نُبُوَّتَهُ، وَ يَعْرِفُوا بِهِ صِحَّةَ مَا أَنَاطَ بِعَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) مِنْ أَمْرِ الدِّينِ وَ الدُّنْيَا، حَتَّى بَقُوا لِتَرْكِهِمْ تَأَمُّلَ حُجَجِ اللَّهِ جَاهِلِينَ، وَ صَارُوا خَائِفِينَ وَجِلِينَ مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) وَ ذَوِيهِ وَ مِنْ مُخَالِفِيهِمْ، لاَ يَأْمَنُونَ أَنَّهُ يَغْلِبُ فَيَهْلِكُونَ مَعَهُ، فَهُمُ السُّفَهَاءُ حَيْثُ لَمْ يُسَلِّمْ لَهُمْ بِنِفَاقِهِمْ هَذَا لاَ مَحَبَّةَ [مُحَمَّدٍ وَ] الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَ لاَ مَحَبَّةَ الْيَهُودِ وَ سَائِرِ الْكَافِرِينَ، وَ هُمْ يُظْهِرُونَ لِمُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) مُوَالاَتَهُ وَ مُوَالاَةَ أَخِيهِ عَلِيٍّ وَ مُعَادَاةَ أَعْدَائِهِمُ الْيَهُودِ وَ النَّوَاصِبِ، كَمَا يُظْهِرُونَ لَهُمْ مِنْ مُعَادَاةِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيٍّ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمَا».

Thus, by exposing themselves to the enemies of Muhammad (may Allah bless him and his family) in this way, they are ignorant fools. Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: Behold, surely they are the fools, but they do not know—those of light minds and shallow opinions who did not examine Muhammad’s affair (may Allah bless him and his family) with due consideration to recognize his prophethood and thereby recognize the soundness of what he attached to ‘Ali (peace be upon him) of the affairs of religion and the world. By neglecting to contemplate Allah’s proofs, they remained ignorant, and became fearful and anxious—of Muhammad (may Allah bless him and his family) and his kin, and of those who oppose them—never secure that he might prevail and they perish with him. They are the fools, since through this hypocrisy they won neither the love of [Muhammad and] the believers, nor the love of the Jews and the rest of the disbelievers. They display to Muhammad (may Allah bless him and his family) loyalty to him and to his brother ‘Ali, and enmity toward their enemies—the Jews and the Nawasib—just as they display to those enemies their enmity toward Muhammad and ‘Ali—peace and blessings of Allah be upon them both.

قوله تعالى: وَ إِذٰا لَقُوا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا قٰالُوا آمَنّٰا وَ إِذٰا خَلَوْا إِلىٰ شَيٰاطِينِهِمْ قٰالُوا إِنّٰا مَعَكُمْ إِنَّمٰا نَحْنُ مُسْتَهْزِؤُنَ[14] (البقرة 2:14)

And when they meet those who believe, they say: We believe; and when they are alone with their devils, they say: Surely we are with you, we were only mocking. (M. H. Shakir)

اَللّٰهُ يَسْتَهْزِئُ بِهِمْ وَ يَمُدُّهُمْ فِي طُغْيٰانِهِمْ يَعْمَهُونَ[15] (البقرة 2:15)

Allah shall pay them back their mockery, and He leaves them alone in their inordinacy, blindly wandering on. (M. H. Shakir)

99-/336 _1- قَالَ الْإِمَامُ مُوسَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «وَ إِذَا لَقِيَ هَؤُلاَءِ النَّاكِثُونَ الْبَيْعَةَ، الْمُوَاطِئُونَ عَلَى مُخَالَفَةِ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) وَ دَفْعِ الْأَمْرِ عَنْهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا قٰالُوا آمَنّٰا كَإِيمَانِكُمْ، إِذَا لَقُوا سَلْمَانَ وَ الْمِقْدَادَ وَ أَبَا ذَرٍّ وَ عَمَّاراً قَالُوا لَهُمْ: آمَنَّا بِمُحَمَّدٍ وَ سَلَّمْنَا لَهُ بِيعَةَ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) وَ فَضْلَهُ، وَ انْقَدْنَا لِأَمْرِهِ كَمَا آمَنْتُمْ. إِنَّ أَوَّلَهُمْ، وَ ثَانِيَهُمْ، وَ ثَالِثَهُمْ، إِلَى تَاسِعِهِمْ رُبَّمَا كَانُوا يَلْتَقُونَ فِي بَعْضِ طُرُقِهِمْ مَعَ سَلْمَانَ وَ أَصْحَابِهِ، فَإِذَا لَقُوهُمْ اشْمَأَزُّوا مِنْهُمْ، وَ قَالُوا: هَؤُلاَءِ أَصْحَابُ السَّاحِرِ وَ الْأَهْوَجِ-يَعْنُونَ مُحَمَّداً وَ عَلِيّاً(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)- ثُمَّ يَقُولُ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ: اِحْتَرِزُوا مِنْهُمْ لاَ يَقْفُونَ مِنْ فَلَتَاتِ كَلاَمِكُمْ عَلَى كُفْرِ مُحَمَّدٍ فِيمَا قَالَهُ فِي عَلِيٍّ فَيَنُمُّوا عَلَيْكُمْ فَيَكُونَ فِيهِ هَلاَكُكُمْ.

99-/336 _1- Imam Musa ibn Ja‘far (peace be upon him) said: “When these pledge-breakers—who conspire to oppose ‘Ali (peace be upon him) and to push the authority away from him—meet those who believe, they say, ‘We believe as you believe.’ When they meet Salman, al-Miqdad, Abu Dharr, and ‘Ammar they say to them: ‘We have believed in Muhammad and have submitted to him regarding the pledge to ‘Ali (peace be upon him) and his merit, and we have yielded to his command as you have believed.’ Indeed, the first of them, the second of them, the third of them, up to the ninth of them, would sometimes meet along their ways with Salman and his companions. When they met them, they shrank back from them and said, ‘These are the companions of the sorcerer and the inept one’—meaning Muhammad and ‘Ali (peace be upon them). Then some would say to others, ‘Beware of them, lest they pick up from your slips of speech anything that shows disbelief in Muhammad concerning what he said about ‘Ali, and then they carry tales about you, and that will be your ruin.’”

المراجع والحواشي

_1) - التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السّلام):62/119.

at-tafsīr al-mansūb ilā al-imām al-‘askarī (alayhi as-salām): 62/119.

[1] في المصدر: رقّ.

fī al-maṣdar: raqq.

[2] الإدالة: الغلبة، يقال: اللّهمّ أدلني على فلان و انصرني عليه. «الصحاح-دول-4:1700»، و في المصدر: لكيلا نزل.

al-idālah: al-ghalabah, yuqālu: allāhumma adillnī ‘alā fulān wa-anṣurnī ‘alayh. “aṣ-Ṣiḥāḥ-DaWL-4:1700”, wa fī al-maṣdar: lakay-lā nazal.

[3] ناط الشّيء ينوطه نوطاً، أي علّقه. «الصحاح-نوط-3:1165».

nāṭa ash-shay’a yanūṭuhu nawṭan, ay ‘allaqahu. “aṣ-Ṣiḥāḥ-Nawṭ-3:1165”.

[4] في «س»: و سلموا لظاهره و باطنه.

fī “S”: wa sallimū li-ẓāhirihi wa bāṭinihi.

[5] أفضى إلى فلان بالسّرّ: أعلمه به. «المعجم الوسيط-فضا-2:693».

afḍā ilā fulān bi-s-sirr: a‘lamahu bih. “al-Mu‘jam al-Wasīṭ-Faḍā-2:693”.

[6] جسر على كذا يجسر جسارة، أي أقدم. «الصحاح-جسر-2:614».

jasara ‘alā kadhā yajsuru jasārah, ay aqdama. “aṣ-Ṣiḥāḥ-Jasr-2:614”.

_1) - التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السّلام):63/120.

at-tafsīr al-mansūb ilā al-imām al-‘askarī (alayhi as-salām): 63/120.

[1] طحطح بهم: إذا بدّدهم، و طحطحت الشّيء: كسّرته و فرّقته. «الصحاح-طحح-1:386».

taḥṭaḥa bihim: idhā baddadahum, wa taḥṭaḥta ash-shay’: kassartahu wa farraqtahu. “aṣ-Ṣiḥāḥ-Ṭḥḥ-1:386”.

[2] في «ط»: و ذرّيته.

fī “Ṭ”: wa dhurriyyatihi.

[3] في «س» و «ط»: لا يؤمنون.

fī “S” wa “Ṭ”: lā yu’minūn.

[4] نمّ الحديث: سعى به ليوقع فتنة أو وحشة. «مجمع البحرين-نمم-6:180»، و في «س» و «ط»: فيقفوا.

namma al-ḥadīth: sa‘ā bihi li-yūqi‘a fitnatan aw waḥshah. “Majma‘ al-Baḥrayn-NaMM-6:180”, wa fī “S” wa “Ṭ”: fayaqifū.