60. Visiting Imam Husain (a.s.)
60. زﯾﺎرت اﻣﺎم ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﺴﻼم
اﺷﺎره
ﻣﺸـﺮوع ﺑﻮدن زﯾﺎرت اﻫﻞ ﻗﺒﻮر، ﭘـﺪر، ﻣﺎدر، اوﻟﯿﺎي اﻟﻬﯽ، ﭘﯿﺸﻮاﯾﺎن ﻣﻌﺼﻮم و در رأس آﻧﻬﺎ رﺳﻮل اﮐﺮم ﺻـﻠﯽ اﷲ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ و آﻟﻪ ، از ﻣﺴـﻠّﻤﺎت دﯾﻦ ﻣﻘـﺪّس اﺳـﻼم اﺳﺖ. ﭘﯿـﺎﻣﺒﺮ اﮐﺮم ﺻـﻠﯽ اﷲ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ و آﻟﻪ در اﺣـﺎدﯾﺚ ﻓﺮاوان ﺑﻪ زﯾـﺎرت اﻫﻞ ﻗﺒﻮر اﻣﺮ ﻓﺮﻣﻮده و ﻋﻠّﺖ آورده ﮐﻪ زﯾﺎرت اﻫﻞ ﻗﺒﻮر:
(1 ﻣﺮگ را ﺑﻪ ﯾﺎد آدﻣﯽ ﻣﯽ آورد(1). (2 اﻧﺴﺎن را ﺑﻪ ﯾﺎد آﺧﺮت ﻣﯽ اﻧﺪازد(2).
(3 ﺑﻪ اﻧﺴﺎن رﻗّﺖ ﻗﻠﺐ و اﺷﮏﭼﺸﻢ و ﯾﺎد آﺧﺮت ﺑﻪ ارﻣﻐﺎن ﻣﯽ آورد(3). ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺒﺮ اﮐﺮم ﺻﻠﯽ اﷲ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ و آﻟﻪ در ﻣﻮرد زﯾﺎرت ﻗﺒﺮ ﺧﻮد ﻣﯽ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﯾﺪ:
(1 ﻫﺮ ﮐﺲ ﭘﺲ از ﻣﺮگ ﻣﺮا زﯾﺎرت ﮐﻨﺪ، ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﮐﺴﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در دوران ﺣﯿﺎﺗﻢ ﻣﺮا زﯾﺎرت ﮐﻨﺪ(4). (2 ﻫﺮ ﮐﺲ ﻗﺒﺮ ﻣﺮا زﯾﺎرت ﮐﻨﺪ، ﺷﻔﺎﻋﺘﻢ ﺑﺮ او واﺟﺐ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد(5).
(3 ﻫﺮ ﮐﺲﺣﺞ ﺑﮕﺬارد، آﻧﮕﺎه ﻗﺒﺮ ﻣﺮا ﭘﺲ از ﻣﺮﮔﻢ زﯾﺎرت ﮐﻨﺪ، ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﮐﺴﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺮا در ﺣﺎل ﺣﯿﺎﺗﻢ زﯾﺎرت ﮐﻨﺪ(6).
ﺳﯿﺮه رﺳﻮل اﮐﺮم ﺻﻠﯽ اﷲ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ و آﻟﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﻫﻤﻮاره ﺑﺮاي زﯾﺎرت اﻫﻞ ﻗﺒﻮر ﺑﻪ ﺑﻘﯿﻊ
109 :ص
-1 .1 ﺣﺎﮐﻢ، ﻣﺴﺘﺪرك ﺻﺤﯿﺤﯿﻦ، ج 1، ص .475 -2 .2 ﺗﺮﻣﺬي، اﻟﺴﻨﻦ، ج 3، ص .370
-3 .3 ﻣﺘﻘﯽ ﻫﻨﺪي، ﮐﻨﺰ اﻟﻌﻤّﺎل، ج 15، ص .646 -4 .4 دار ﻗﻄﻨﯽ، اﻟﺴﻨﻦ، ج 2، ص .278
-5 .5 ﻫﻤﺎن.
-6 .1 ﺑﯿﻬﻘﯽ، اﻟﺴﻨﻦ اﻟﮑﺒﺮي، ج 5، ص .246
ﺗﺸﺮﯾﻒ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺮد و ﺑﺮاي اﻫﻞ ﺑﻘﯿﻊ اﺳﺘﻐﻔﺎر ﻣﯽ ﻧﻤﻮد و ﻣﯽ ﻓﺮﻣﻮد: أﻣَﺮَﻧِﯽ رَﺑﱢﯽ أنْ آﺗﯽَ اﻟﺒَﻘﯿﻊَ ﻓَﺄﺳْﺘَﻐْﻔِﺮَ ﻟَﻬُﻢ؛
ﭘﺮوردﮔﺎرم ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻣﺮ ﻓﺮﻣﻮده ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻘﯿﻊ ﺑﯿﺎﯾﻢ و ﺑﺮاي اﻫﻞ ﺑﻘﯿﻊ اﺳﺘﻐﻔﺎر ﮐﻨﻢ(1).
ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺒﺮ اﮐﺮم ﺻﻠﯽ اﷲ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ و آﻟﻪ ﻫﻤﻮاره ﺑﺮاي زﯾﺎرت ﺷﻬﺪاي اُﺣﺪ ﺗﺸﺮﯾﻒ ﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﻣﯽ ﺷﺪ و ﻣﯽ ﻓﺮﻣﻮد: اﯾﻦ ﻫﺎ ﻗﺒﺮ ﺑﺮادران ﻣﺎ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ(2).
رﺳﻮل اﮐﺮم ﺻﻠﯽ اﷲ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ و آﻟﻪ در ﻣﻮرد ﺷﻬﺪاي اُﺣﺪ ﻣﯽ ﻓﺮﻣﻮد:
ﻣﻦ ﺷـﻬﺎدت ﻣﯽ دﻫﻢ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻫﺎ در روز ﻗﯿﺎﻣﺖ در ﻧﺰد ﺧـﺪا، ﮔﻮاﻫﺎن ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ. ﭘﺲ ﺑﻪ زﯾﺎرت اﯾﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﯿﺎﯾﯿﺪ. ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺪاﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺟﺎن ﻣﻦ در دﺳﺖ ﻗﺪرت اوﺳﺖ، ﮐﺴﯽ ﺗﺎ روز ﻗﯿﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺳﻼم ﻧﻤﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ، ﺟﺰ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﺑﻪ او ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻣﯽ دﻫﻨﺪ(3).
در ﻣﻮرد ﺣﻀﺮت ﻓﺎﻃﻤﻪ ﻋﻠﯿﻬﺎاﻟﺴﻼم ﻧﯿﺰ رواﯾﺖ ﺷﺪه ﮐﻪ:
ﺣﻀﺮت ﻓﺎﻃﻤﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ زﯾﺎرت ﻗﺒﺮ ﻋﻤﻮﯾﺶﺣﻀﺮت ﺣﻤﺰه ﺗﺸﺮﯾﻒ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺮد(4).
ﺳﯿﺮه اﺻـﺤﺎب و ﺳـﻠﻒ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﻧﯿﺰ اﯾﻦ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ زﯾﺎرت ﻗﺒﺮ ﺷـﺮﯾﻒ ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺒﺮ اﮐﺮم ﺻـﻠﯽ اﷲ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ و آﻟﻪ ﻣﺸﺮّف ﻣﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و ﺑﺰرﮔﺎن اﻫﻞ ﺳﻨّﺖ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺮ رﺟﺤﺎن آن ﻓﺘﻮا داده اﻧﺪ و اﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎب آن را اﺟﻤﺎﻋﯽ داﻧﺴﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ(5).
در اﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺎن زﯾﺎرت ﻗﺒﺮ اﻣﺎم ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﺴﻼم وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ دارد ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎري از آﻧﻬﺎ اﺷﺎره ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﯿﻢ:
110 :ص
-1 .2 ﻧﺴﺎﺋﯽ، اﻟﺴﻨﻦ، ج 4، ص .93 -2 .3 اﺑﻮداود، اﻟﺴّﻨﻦ، ج 1، ص .319
-3 .4 ﺣﺎﮐﻢ، ﻣﺴﺘﺪرك ﺻﺤﯿﺤﯿﻦ، ج 2، ص .248 -4 .5 ﺑﯿﻬﻘﯽ، اﻟﺴﻨﻦ اﻟﮑﺒﺮي، ج 4، ص .78
-5 .6 اﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﺑﺪﯾﻦ، ردّ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﺎر ﻋﻠﯽ اﻟﺪّرّ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎر، ج 2، ص .257
60. Visiting Imam Husain (a.s.)
Introduction
The legitimacy of visiting graves — of one’s father, mother, God’s saints, the infallible leaders, and at the forefront of them the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w.a.) — is among the firmly established principles of the sacred religion of Islam.
The Noble Prophet (s.a.w.a.) in numerous hadiths commanded visiting the graves and explained its benefits, namely:
1. It reminds a person of death.
2. It makes a person remember the Hereafter.
3. It brings about softness of heart, tears, and remembrance of the Hereafter.
The Noble Prophet (s.a.w.a.) said regarding visiting his own grave:
1. Whoever visits me after my death, it is as if he visited me during my lifetime.
2. Whoever visits my grave, my intercession becomes obligatory for him.
3. Whoever performs Hajj, then visits my grave after my death, it is as if he visited me during my lifetime.
The practice of the Noble Prophet (s.a.w.a.) was that he would always go to the Baqiʿ cemetery to visit the graves there, and he would seek forgiveness for the people of Baqiʿ, saying: “My Lord commanded me to go to Baqiʿ and seek forgiveness for them.”
Likewise, the Prophet (s.a.w.a.) would go to visit the martyrs of Uhud and would say: “These are the graves of our brothers.”
And about the martyrs of Uhud he also said: “I bear witness that these are witnesses before God on the Day of Resurrection. So visit them, for by God, no one greets them until the Day of Resurrection except that they reply to him.”
Regarding Lady Fatima (peace be upon her), it is narrated that: She used to go every week to visit the grave of her uncle Hamzah.
The practice of the companions and the righteous predecessors was also to visit the grave of the Noble Prophet (s.a.w.a.), and the great scholars of Ahl al-Sunnah have also issued rulings on its preference and considered it a matter of consensus.
Among all graves, the visitation of the grave of Imam Husain (a.s.) has special features, some of which we will point out.